access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}| image = Buceros rhinoceros -Singapore Zoo -pair-8a.jpg| image_caption = A pair in Singapore Zoo| genus = Buceros| species = rhinoceros

Carl Linnaeus>Linnaeus, 1758}}The rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) is a large species of forest hornbill (Bucerotidae). In captivity it can live for up to 35 years. It is found in lowland and montane, tropical and subtropical climates and in mountain rain forests up to 1,400 metres in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and southern Thailand.The rhinoceros hornbill is the state bird of the Malaysian state of Sarawak and the country’s national bird. Some Dayak people, especially the Ibanic groups, believe it to be the chief of worldly birds or the supreme worldly bird, and its statue is used to welcome the god of the augural birds, Sengalang Burong, to the feasts and celebrations of humankind. Contrary to some misunderstandings, the rhinoceros hornbill does not represent their war god, who is represented in this world by the brahminy kite.“Harrisson and Sandin give a slightly different interpretation. They state that the Hornbill image is used to show it, in an independent sense, as ‘Chief of the Birds’. According to them it does not represent Lang, but quite simply represents a Hornbill, ‘the Supreme Worldly Bird, who welcomes the invisible overhead approach of the God of Birds, Sengalang Burong’ (1966: 124).” See p80 V. King Unity, formalism and structure: Comments on Iban augury and related problems. With a rejoinder by Peter Metcalf In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 133 (1977), no: 1, Leiden, 63-89.Benedict Sandin (1977). GAWAI BURONG the chants and celebrations of the Iban Bird Festival. Pb. Univ. Sains Malaysia. It is featured on the reverse of the 5 Malaysian ringgit bill.

Taxonomy

The rhinoceros hornbill was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with the great hornbill in the genus Buceros and coined the binomial name Buceros rhinoceros. Linnaeus specified the location as China.BOOK, Linnaeus, Carl, Carl Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 1, 10th, 104, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), Latin,www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727009, The genus name is from Latin becerus meaning “horned like an ox” which in turn is from the Ancient Greek boukerÅs which combines bous meaning “ox” with kerÅs meaning “horn”. The specific rhinoceros is Latin for “rhinoceros”.BOOK, Jobling, James A., 2010, The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names, Christopher Helm, London, 978-1-4081-2501-4, 79, 334, Three subspecies are recognised:WEB, Gill, Frank, Frank Gill (ornithologist), Donsker, David, Rasmussen, Pamela, Pamela Rasmussen, January 2022, Mousebirds, Cuckoo Roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills, IOC World Bird List Version 12.1,www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/mousebirds/, International Ornithologists’ Union, 10 June 2022,

B. r. borneoensis Schlegel & MÃ¼ller, S, 1845 â€“ Borneo
B. r. rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758 â€“ south Malay Peninsula and Sumatra
B. r. silvestris Vieillot, 1816 â€“ Java

Description

(File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.AVES.34456 - Buceros rhinoceros silvestris Vieillot, 1816 - Bucerotidae - head specimen.jpeg|thumb|right|The skull of B. r. silvestris)The rhinoceros hornbill is a large arboreal hornbill, {{convert|80|to(-)|90|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. The weight varies by sex, with males weighing around {{convert|2465|to(-)|2960|g|oz|abbr=on}} and the females {{convert|2040|to(-)|2330|g|oz|abbr=on}}. The plumage is predominantly black, with white legs and vent and a white tail with a black band. The huge bill and casque are orange and red, the colour coming from preen oil rubbed on from the preen gland above the tail. The eyes of the male are red with black rims, and white with red rims in the female.BOOK, A C, Kemp, Josep, del Hoyo, Andrew, Elliott, Sargatal, Jordi, Family Bucocerotidae (Hornbills), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 6, Mousebirds to Hornbills, 2001, 436â€“487, Barcelona, Lynx Edicions, 978-84-87334-30-6, Handbook of the Birds of the World,

Behaviour

Diet and feeding

(File:Rhinoceros Hornbill nipping a peanut (24075109683).jpg|thumb|right|A female eating a peanut)The diet of the rhinoceros hornbill is dominated by fruit, but it will take any insect, small reptile, rodent, and smaller birds that it can catch.

Breeding

{{unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}The courtship and bonding of these birds are critical, as the female must trust the male to provide her with everything when she is incubating and raising chicks. These hornbills make their nests inside tree trunks,WEB, Law, Yao-Hua, 2020-12-16, An Enormous Bird Has a Real-Estate Problem,www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/12/helmeted-hornbill-nests-endangered-poaching/617400/, 2024-03-03, The Atlantic, en, and the female stays inside with the eggs and then with the chicks, while the male brings them food. After the eggs are laid, the male collects mud, and the pair pack that mud, along with food and feces, to wall up the entrance to the tree cavity. They leave a very small hole, just large enough for the male to feed the female, and later the chicks, and for the female to defecate through the hole. Once the chicks are fully feathered and old enough to leave the nest, the parents chip away the dry mud to let the chicks out.

Status and conservation

The rhinoceros hornbill faces a number of threats, including loss of its rainforest habitat, as well as hunting for its meat, and its skull and feathers. Habitat destruction has led to the loss of the large trees the species requires for breeding, which in turn makes it easier for poachers to find the rhinoceros hornbill. It is frequently shot at by poachers due to confusion with the highly sought-after helmeted hornbill. Due to this, the species was uplisted to vulnerable from near threatened on the IUCN Red List in 2018.NEWS,www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/red-list-northern-bald-ibis-pink-pigeon-making-comeback, Red List: Northern Bald Ibis, Pink Pigeon making a comeback, BirdLife International, BirdLife, 2018-11-23, en-us,

Gallery

{{Listen| filename = Rhinoceros hornbill call.ogg| title = rhinoceros hornbill call | description = | pos = }}Image: Rhinoceros_Hornbill.tif|Sepilok Nature Resort - Sabah, Borneo - Malaysia.Image: Rhinoceros_Hornbill_2.tif|Borneo Rainforest Lodge - Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo - Malaysia.File:Rhinoceros_hornbill_national_aviary.jpg|Male at the National Aviary, Pittsburgh. Males have red irises.File:Buceros rhinoceros -Chester Zoo-8a.jpg|Female at Chester Zoo, EnglandFile:Buceros_rhinoceros_silvestris_(Rhinoceros_Hornbill_-_Rhinozeros-Hornvogel)_-_Weltvogelpark_Walsrode_2012-01.jpg|Buceros rhinoceros silvestris at Weltvogelpark Walsrode, GermanyFile:Rhinoceros hornbill at Birdworld 01.jpg|Female at Birdworld, England

References

BOOK, Christopher Perrins, Perrins, Christopher, Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds, Firefly Books, 2003, 978-1-55297-777-4, registration,archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse,

External links

- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "rhinoceros hornbill" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 3:48am EDT - Wed, May 22 2024

[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]

CONNECT