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{{short description|Calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources}}{{Self-published|date=May 2021}}
Power-to-weight ratio (
PWR, also called
specific power, or
power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to
engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source. It is also used as a measurement of performance of a
vehicle as a whole, with the
engine's power output being divided by the weight (or
mass) of the vehicle, to give a metric that is independent of the vehicle's size. Power-to-weight is often quoted by manufacturers at the peak value, but the actual value may vary in use and variations will affect performance.The inverse of power-to-weight, weight-to-power ratio (power loading) is a calculation commonly applied to aircraft, cars, and vehicles in general, to enable the comparison of one vehicle's performance to another. Power-to-weight ratio is equal to thrust per unit mass multiplied by the velocity of any vehicle.{{toclimit|3}}
Power-to-weight (specific power)
The power-to-weight ratio (specific power) formula for an engine (power plant) is the
power generated by the engine divided by the mass. {{em|Weight}} in this context is a colloquial term for {{em|mass}}. To see this, note that what an engineer means by the
power-to-weight ratio of an electric motor is not infinite in a zero gravity environment.A typical turbocharged V8 diesel engine might have an engine power of {{convert|250|kW|abbr=on}} and a mass of {{convert|380|kg|abbr=on}},WEB,
weblink General Motors 2009 Data Book, September 5, 2008, dead,
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121102194334
weblink">weblink November 2, 2012, giving it a power-to-weight ratio of 0.65 kW/kg (0.40 hp/lb).Examples of high power-to-weight ratios can often be found in turbines. This is because of their ability to operate at very high speeds. For example, the
Space Shuttle's main engines used
turbopumps (machines consisting of a pump driven by a turbine engine) to feed the propellants (liquid oxygen and
liquid hydrogen) into the engine's combustion chamber. The original liquid hydrogen turbopump is similar in size to an automobile engine (weighing approximately {{convert|775|lb|kg|order=flip}}) and produces {{cvt|72000|hp|MW}}WEB,
weblink NASA, Lessons in Systems Engineering – The SSME Weight Growth History, Richard, Ryan, for a power-to-weight ratio of 153 kW/kg (93 hp/lb).
Physical interpretation
In
classical mechanics, instantaneous
power is the limiting value of the average work done per unit time as the time interval Δ
t approaches zero (i.e. the
derivative with respect to time of the work done).
P = lim _{Delta trightarrow 0} tfrac{Delta W(t)}{Delta t} = lim _{Delta trightarrow 0} P_mathrm{avg} = frac{d}{dt}W(t),The typically used metric unit of the power-to-weight ratio is tfrac{text{W}}{text{kg}}; which equals tfrac{text{m}^2}{text{s}^3};. This fact allows one to express the power-to-weight ratio purely by
SI base units. A vehicle's power-to-weight ratio equals its acceleration times its velocity; so at twice the velocity, it experiences half the acceleration, all else being equal.
Propulsive power
If the work to be done is (wikt:rectilinear|rectilinear) motion of a body with constant
mass m;, whose
center of mass is to be accelerated along a (possibly non-straight) line to a speed |mathbf{v}(t)|; and angle phi; with respect to the centre and
radial of a
gravitational field by an onboard
powerplant, then the associated
kinetic energy is
E_K =tfrac{1}{2} m|mathbf{v}(t)|^2
where:
m; is mass of the body
|mathbf{v}(t)|; is speed of the
center of mass of the body, changing with time.
The
work–energy principle states that the work done to the object over a period of time is equal to the difference in its total energy over that period of time, so the rate at which work is done is equal to the rate of change of the kinetic energy (in the absence of potential energy changes).The work done from time
t to time
t + Δ
t along the path
C is defined as the
line integral int_C mathbf{F} cdot dmathbf{x} = int_t^{t + Delta t} mathbf{F} cdot mathbf{v}(t) dt, so the
fundamental theorem of calculus has that power is given by mathbf{F}(t) cdot mathbf{v}(t) = mmathbf{a}(t) cdot mathbf{v}(t) = mathbf{tau}(t) cdot mathbf{omega}(t).where:
mathbf{a}(t) = frac{d}{dt}mathbf{v}(t); is acceleration of the
center of mass of the body, changing with time.
mathbf{F}(t); is linear force – or thrust – applied upon the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
mathbf{v}(t); is
velocity of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
mathbf{tau}(t); is
torque applied upon the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
mathbf{omega}(t); is
angular velocity of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
In
propulsion, power is only delivered if the powerplant is in motion, and is transmitted to cause the body to be in motion. It is typically assumed here that mechanical transmission allows the powerplant to operate at peak output power. This assumption allows engine tuning to trade
power band width and engine mass for transmission complexity and mass.
Electric motors do not suffer from this tradeoff, instead trading their high
torque for
traction at low speed. The
power advantage or power-to-weight ratio is then
mbox{P-to-W} = |mathbf{a}(t)||mathbf{v}(t)|;
where:
Engine power
The useful power of an engine with shaft power output can be calculated using a
dynamometer to measure
torque and
rotational speed, with maximum power reached when torque multiplied by rotational speed is a maximum. For jet engines the useful power is equal to the flight speed of the aircraft multiplied by the force, known as net thrust, required to make it go at that speed. It is used when calculating
propulsive efficiency.
Examples
Engines
Heat engines and heat pumps
Thermal energy is made up from
molecular kinetic energy and
latent phase energy.
Heat engines are able to convert thermal energy in the form of a temperature gradient between a hot source and a cold sink into other desirable
mechanical work.
Heat pumps take
mechanical work to regenerate thermal energy in a temperature gradient. Standard definitions should be used when interpreting how the propulsive power of a jet or rocket engine is transferred to its vehicle.{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|
! rowspan=2 |Heat engine/Heat pump type! colspan=2 |Peak power output! colspan=2 |Power-to-weight ratio! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" |Example use
|
!data-sort-type=number |SI!data-sort-type=number |English!data-sort-type=number |SI!data-sort-type=number |English
|
| Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C>Wärtsilä RTA96-C 14-cylinder two-stroke diesel engineHTTP://WWW.WARTSILA.COM/,EN,PRESS,0,TRADEPRESSRELEASE,8F51527F-00A3-4C5F-ABEA-B543789ACA1B,26EE6684-06C9-48B3-920A-3B238B7C302A,,.HTM>TITLE=THE WORLD'S MOST POWERFUL ENGINE ENTERS SERVICE | WäRTSILä>DATE=2006-09-12, 2010-01-12, | 80080 | kW | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 108,920 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.03 kW/kg| 0.02 hp/lb| Emma Mærsk container ship |
|
| Rotax>ROTAX 900 ACE 60 900 cc, 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally-aspirated marine engineHTTPS://WWW.ROTAX.COM/EN/PRODUCTS/ROTAX-POWERTRAINS/DETAILS/ROTAX-900-ACE-MARINE.HTML>TITLE=POWERTRAINS DETAIL, www.rotax.com, | 45 kW | 60 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.24 kW/kg| 0.15 hp/lb | Sea-Doo SPARK 2 UPHTTPS://WWW.SEA-DOO.COM/US/EN/MODELS/REC-LITE/SPARK.HTML | WEBSITE=WWW.SEA-DOO.COM, 2021 |
|
| Suzuki 538 cc V-2 four-stroke petrol outboard motorHTTP://WWW.SUZUKIMARINE.COM/SR_09/DF25/FEATURES/ | ACCESS-DATE=JANUARY 12, 2010 | SUZUKI>URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=JANUARY 31, 2010, | 19 kW | 25 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.27 kW/kg| 0.16 hp/lb | Runabout (boat)>Runabout boats |
|
| United States Department of Energy>DOE/NASA/0032-28 Mod 2 502 cc petrol Stirling engineHTTPS://NTRS.NASA.GOV/ARCHIVE/NASA/CASI.NTRS.NASA.GOV/19880002196_1988002196.PDF>TITLE=AUTOMOTIVE STIRLING ENGINE â€“ MOD II DESIGN REPORT | PUBLISHER=NASA LEWIS RESEARCH CENTER | DATE=OCTOBER 1986, | 62.3 kW | 83.5 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.30 kW/kg| 0.18 hp/lb | Chevrolet Celebrity{{Cref2>•}} 1985 ('one-off' prototype) |
|
| Yamaha Motor Company>Yamaha TR-1 Inline-three engine | , 4-stroke, marine engine, 1049 ccSUPERJET | ACCESS-DATE=2021-05-13, www.yamahawaverunners.com, | 74.5 kW | 100 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.44 kW/kg| 0.27 hp/lb| Yamaha SuperJet 2021 |
|
| Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine>Kawasaki 1498 cc Supercharger | , Intercooler>intercooled, 4-stroke, Inline-four engine | , DOHCHTTPS://WWW.KAWASAKI.COM/EN-US/WATERCRAFT/JET-SKI/JET-SKI-3-PASSENGER-SUPERCHARGED/JET-SKI-ULTRA-310/2021-JET-SKI-ULTRA-310LX | website=www.kawasaki.com}}| 231 kW | 310 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.47 kW/kg | | URL=HTTPS://WWW.STEVENINSALES.COM/MUCH-JET-SKI-TRAILER-WEIGH/ | WEBSITE=STEVEN IN SALES, | Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine>Kawasaki ULTRA 310LX Jet Ski |
|
| Duramax V8 engine#LMM>GM Duramax LMM V-8 6.6 L turbo-diesel| 246 kW | 330 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 0.65 kW/kg| 0.40 hp/lb | Chevrolet Kodiak,{{Cref2>•}} GMC Topkick{{Cref2|•}} |
|
| Junkers Jumo 205A two-stroke, diesel, opposed-piston engineJane's 1989, p. 294.| 647 kW| 867 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 1.1 kW/kg| 0.66 hp/lb | Junkers Ju 86>Ju 86C-1 airliner, B&V Ha 139 floatplane |
|
| General Electric LM2500>GE LM2500+ marine turboshaftHTTP://WWW.GEAE.COM/ENGINES/MARINE/PDFS/DATASHEET_LM2500PLUS.PDF>TITLE=LM2500+ MARINE GAS TURBINE | GE AVIATION>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-25 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110808163749/HTTP://WWW.GEAE.COM/ENGINES/MARINE/PDFS/DATASHEET_LM2500PLUS.PDF, dead, | 30,200 kW | 40,500 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 1.31 kW/kg| 0.80 hp/lb | Celebrity Millennium>GTS Millennium cruise ship, QM2 ocean liner |
|
| Mazda Wankel engine>Mazda 13B-MSP Renesis 1.3 L Wankel engineHTTP://WWW.MAZDA.COM/MAZDASPIRIT/ROTARY/ABOUT/>TITLE=WHAT IS A ROTARY ENGINE? | WEBSITE=MAZDA | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20100117211438/HTTP://WWW.MAZDA.COM/MAZDASPIRIT/ROTARY/ABOUT/, January 17, 2010, | 184 kW | 247 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 1.5 kW/kg| 0.92 hp/lb | Mazda RX-8{{Cref2>•}} |
|
| Pratt & Whitney R-4360>PW R-4360 71.5 L 28-cylinder Radial engine (supercharged)| 3,210 kW | 4,300 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 1.83 kW/kg| 1.11 hp/lb | B-50 Superfortress>B-50, Convair B-36 | , C-97 Stratofreighter>C-97, C-119 Flying Boxcar | , Hughes H-4 Hercules>H-4 |
|
| Wright R-3350 54.57 L 18-Cylinder Turbo-compound engine>Turbo-compound radial engine| 2,535 kW | 3,400 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 2.09 kW/kg | 1.27 hp/lb | B-29 Superfortress>B-29, DC-7 |
|
| O.S. Engines 49-PI Type II 4.97 cc Wankel engineHTTP://WWW.OSENGINES.COM/ENGINES/OSMG1401.HTML | PUBLISHER=O.S. ENGINES | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-01-04, | 0.934 kW | 1.252 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 2.8 kW/kg| 1.7 hp/lb | Unmanned aerial vehicle>UAV, Model aircraft, RC Aircraft |
|
| Aston Martin-Cosworth RA>Cosworth RA V12 engine | 6.5 L Naturally-aspirated engine>N/AHTTPS://WWW.COSWORTH.COM/NEWS/PROPULSION-NEWS/ASTON-MARTIN-VALKYRIE-V12-THE-NEXT-GENERATION-IN-HYPERCAR-ENGINES/>TITLE=HYPERCAR ENGINES: ASTON MARTIN VALKYRIE V12 | WEBSITE=COSWORTH | ARCHIVE-DATE=DECEMBER 7, 2021 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, HTTPS://WWW.COSWORTH.COM/CASE_STUDIES/ASTON-MARTIN-VALKYRIE/>TITLE=ASTON MARTIN VALKYRIE | | 1000 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 3.62 kW/kg| 2.20 hp/lb | Aston Martin Valkyrie, {{Cref2>•}} sports car |
|
| turboshaft engineHTTP://WWW.JETCATUSA.COM/RC-TURBINES/TURBINE-DETAILS/SPT10_RX_H/ | TITLE=TURBINE DETAILS FOR SPT10-RX-H | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20161222123236/HTTP://WWW.JETCATUSA.COM/RC-TURBINES/TURBINE-DETAILS/SPT10_RX_H/, dead, | 9 kW | 9 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 3.67 kW/kg| 2.24 hp/lb | Unmanned aerial vehicle>UAV Model aircraft, RC Aircraft |
|
| General Electric LM6000>GE LM6000 marine turboshaft engineHTTP://WWW.GEAE.COM/ENGINES/MARINE/PDFS/DATASHEET_LM6000.PDF>TITLE=LM6000 MARINE GAS TURBINE | GE AVIATION>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-25 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110808164111/HTTP://WWW.GEAE.COM/ENGINES/MARINE/PDFS/DATASHEET_LM6000.PDF | | GE AVIATION>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-25 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-12-11 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 44,700 kW | 59,900 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 5.67 kW/kg| 3.38 hp/lb| Peaking power plant |
|
| Bayerische Motoren Werke>BMW V10 engine | 3 L BMW E41 / P80 engine>P84/5 2005 petrol engine N/AHTTPS://WWW.STATSF1.COM/EN/MOTEUR-BMW.ASPX>TITLE=ENGINE BMW • STATS F1, www.statsf1.com, | 708 kW | 950 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 7.96 kW/kg| 4.84 hp/lb | Williams FW27 car,{{Cref2>•}} Formula One auto racing |
|
| Bayerische Motoren Werke>BMW Inline-four engine | 1.49 L BMW M12>M12 1986 turbo engineHTTP://WWW.ALLF1.INFO/ENGINES/BMW.PHP>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | TITLE=BMW ENGINES | ARCHIVE-DATE=2008-08-28 | | FIRST=CHRIS | DATE=31 MAY 2014, | 1030 kW | 1500 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 8.93 kW/kg| 5.43 hp/lb | Arrows A9 car,{{Cref2>•}} Formula One auto racing |
|
| Rolls-Royce T406/AE1107C turboshaft engineHTTP://WWW.ROLLS-ROYCE.COM/IMAGES/AE1107C_TCM92-6702.PDF | URL-STATUS= DEAD | TITLE= AE 1107C- LIBERTY TURBOSHAFT | DATE= 2009, | 4,586 kW| 6,150 hp| {{#expr:4586/440round2}} kW/kg| {{#expr:6150/971round2}}hp/lb| V-22 |
|
| Top Fuel supercharged V8 engine>V-8 (nitromethane) engineHTTP://WWW.ENGINELABS.COM/NEWS/VIDEO-TEST-SHOWS-TOP-FUEL-NITRO-ENGINE-MAKES-OVER-11000-HORSEPOWER/>TITLE=TEST SHOWS TOP FUEL ENGINE MAKES 11,000+ HORSEPOWER | WORK=ENGINELABS, {{failed verification | date=November 2019}}|8203 kW|11,000 hp|36.46 kW/kg|22.2 hp/lb|U.S. Army Top Fuel Dragster |
|
| Space Shuttle Main Engine>PWR RS-24 (SSME) Block I H2 turbopump| 53,690 kW | 72,000 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}}| 153 kW/kg | 93 hp/lb | Space Shuttle |
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown below}}{{Cnote2 End}}Electric motors and electromotive generators
An electric motor uses electrical energy to provide mechanical work, usually through the interaction of a magnetic field and current-carrying conductors. By the interaction of mechanical work on an electrical conductor in a magnetic field, electrical energy can be generated.{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! rowspan=2 |Electric motor type! colspan=2 data-sort-type=numeric |Weight! colspan=2 data-sort-type=numeric |Peak power output! colspan=2 |Power-to-weight ratio! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" |Example use
|
! SI! English! SI! English! data-sort-type=numeric |kW/kg! data-sort-type=numeric |hp/lb
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC motor28VDC ELECTRIC MOTORS >URL=HTTPS://KAWAKAVIATION.COM/WHAT-WE-DO/ELECTRIC-MOTORS/BLDC-ELECTRIC-MOTORS/ | ACCESS-DATE=23 NOVEMBER 2020, | 11.8 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 4 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 0.29 kW/kg | 0.18 hp/lb| Flight-rated motor for aircraft auxiliary systems (fuel pumps, etc.) |
|
| Panasonic MSMA202S1G AC motor#Two-phase AC servo motors>AC servo motorHTTP://INDUSTRIAL.PANASONIC.COM/WW/I_E/25000/FA_PRO_ACS_MINAS_A4_E/FA_PRO_ACS_MINAS_A4_E/A4_16.PDF>TITLE=PANASONIC MINAS-A4 AC SERVO â€“ MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS AND RATINGS 200V MSMA | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2008-12-09, | 6.5 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 2 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 0.31 kW/kg | 0.19 hp/lb| Conveyor belts, robotics |
|
| synchronous motor400 HZ ELECTRIC MOTORS â€“ HIGH FREQUENCY AC INDUCTION MOTORS FOR AIRCRAFT | PUBLISHER=KAWAK AVIATION, 29 July 2018, | 11.8 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 7.5 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 0.47 kW/kg | 0.29 hp/lb| Flight-rated motor for aircraft auxiliary systems (fuel pumps, etc.) |
|
| Toshiba 660 MVA water cooled 23 kV AC turbo generator| 1342 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 660 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 0.49 kW/kg | 0.30 hp/lb | Bayswater Power Station>Bayswater, Eraring coal-fired power stations |
|
| Permanent magnet>PM Electrical generator | HTTP://CANOPYTECHNOLOGIES.COM/UPLOADS/CYPRESS%20FAMILY-DATA%20SHEET.PDF | PUBLISHER=CANOPY TECHNOLOGIES, LLC | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20151016214030/HTTP://CANOPYTECHNOLOGIES.COM/UPLOADS/CYPRESS%20FAMILY-DATA%20SHEET.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 33,557 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 32 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 0.95 kW/kg | 0.58 hp/lb| Electric power stations |
|
| axial flux motorCUSTOM AXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BLDC | PUBLISHER=TURNCIRCLES, 23 November 2020, | 0.29 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 0.39 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 1.34 kW/kg | 0.52 hp/lb| Electric aircraft |
|
| Toyota Brushless AC electric motor>brushless AC Neodymium | Iron>FeBoron | Permanent magnet>PM motorHTTP://WWW.BIRMINGHAM.AC.UK/DOCUMENTS/COLLEGE-EPS/METALLURGY/RESEARCH/JEWELL.PDF > FIRST = GERAINT | TITLE=PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES AND ACTUATORS | DATE=2009-09-11 | PAGES=11–18 | BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND>PUBLISHER=MAGNETIC MATERIALS GROUP, UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, | 36.3 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 50 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 1.37 kW/kg | 0.84 hp/lb | Toyota Prius{{Cref2>•}} 2004 |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC motorHTTP://WWW.MAXXPROD.COM/PDF/HC6320-250.PDF>TITLE=HIMAX BRUSHLESS OUTRUNNER MOTOR HC6332-250 | PUBLISHER=MAXX PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL, INC. | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20170610185817/HTTP://WWW.MAXXPROD.COM/PDF/HC6320-250.PDF, dead, | 0.45 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 1.7 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 3.78 kW/kg | 2.30 hp/lb| Radio-controlled cars |
|
| Hi-Pa Drive HPD40 Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC wheel hub motorHTTP://WWW.PMLFLIGHTLINK.COM/MOTORS/HIPA_DRIVE.HTML >TITLE=HI-PA DRIVE | PUBLISHER=PML FLIGHTLINK | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20090410050507/HTTP://WWW.PMLFLIGHTLINK.COM/MOTORS/HIPA_DRIVE.HTML, April 10, 2009, | 25 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 120 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 4.8 kW/kg | 2.92 hp/lb | Mini (BMW)>Mini QED Hybrid electric vehicle | , Ford F150 Hybrid electric vehicle>HEV |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DCHTTP://MANUALS.HOBBICO.COM/GPM/GPMG4800-4805-MANUAL.PDF>TITLE=GREAT PLANES ELECTRIFLY RIMFIRE 65CC 80-85-160 BRUSHLESS OUTRUNNER ELECTRIC MOTOR, 2015-06-23, | 1.48 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 8.4 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 5.68 kW/kg | 3.45 hp/lb|Radio-controlled aircraft |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC | 44 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 260 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 5.9 kW/kg | 3.6 hp/lb|Electric aircraft |
|
| title=Drive Unit: Motor {{!}} Tech Talks {{!}} Lucid Motors | language=en |access-date=2022-09-15}} | 40.1 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 250 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 6.26 kW/kg | 3.82 hp/lb|Electric Vehicle |
|
| Brushless AC electric motor>brushless ACHTTP://WWW.YASAMOTORS.COM/PRODUCTS/YASA-400/>TITLE=YASA-400 ELECTRIC MOTOR SPECIFICATION | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20150701123257/HTTP://WWW.YASAMOTORS.COM/PRODUCTS/YASA-400/ | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 24 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 165 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 6.875 kW/kg | 4.18 hp/lb|Electric vehicles, Drive eO |
|
|Porsche Taycan| 47 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 350 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 7.5 kW/kg | 4.55 hp/lb|Electric Vehicle |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC motorHTTP://WWW.ELECTRIFLY.COM/MOTORS/GPMG5105.HTML>TITLE=GREAT PLANES ELECTRIFLY AMMO INRUNNER BRUSHLESS MOTORS | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20150502185610/HTTP://WWW.ELECTRIFLY.COM/MOTORS/GPMG5105.HTML | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 0.133 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 1.035 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 7.78 kW/kg | 4.73 hp/lb|Radio-controlled aircraft |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC motorHTTP://REMYINC.COM/DOCS/HVH250_R3_SEPT_2010.PDF>ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20101215000802/HTTP://WWW.REMYINC.COM/DOCS/HVH250_R3_SEPT_2010.PDF | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-12-15 | ACCESS-DATE=2016-01-19, | 33.5 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 297 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 8.87 kW/kg | 5.39 hp/lb|Electric vehicles |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC motorHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=9FWGHP22XGY >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://GHOSTARCHIVE.ORG/VARCHIVE/YOUTUBE/20211211/9FWGHP22XGY | URL-STATUS=LIVE | WEBSITE=YOUTUBE, 2018-06-03, {{cbignore}} | 7 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 75 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 9.0 kW/kg | 5.5 hp/lb|Electric vehicles |
|
| Emrax 268 Brushless AC electric motor>brushless AC motorHTTP://ENSTROJ.SI/ELECTRIC-PRODUCTS/EMRAX-268.HTML>TITLE=EMRAX268 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20150623214145/HTTP://ENSTROJ.SI/ELECTRIC-PRODUCTS/EMRAX-268.HTML | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 19.9 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 230 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 11.56 kW/kg | 7.03 hp/lb|Electric aircraft |
|
| Brushless DC electric motor>brushless DC motor | 31.4 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 500 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 15.8 kW/kg | 9.68 hp/lb|Electric vehicle |
|
| H3X HPDM-250, direct driveH3X {{!, Electric Aircraft Propulsion | website=www.h3x.tech |access-date=5 February 2023}} | 13 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 250 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 19.23 kW/kg | 11.70 hp/lb|Electric aircraft |
|
| website=Helix | language=en}} | 25.7 | lb | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 650 | hp | sortable=on|abbr=on}} | 25.29 kW/kg | 15.38 hp/lb|Electric vehicle |
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown below}}{{Cnote2 End}}Fluid engines and fluid pumps
Fluids (liquid and gas) can be used to transmit and/or store energy using pressure and other fluid properties. Hydraulic (liquid) and pneumatic (gas) engines convert fluid pressure into other desirable mechanical or electrical work. Fluid pumps convert mechanical or electrical work into movement or pressure changes of a fluid, or storage in a pressure vessel.{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! rowspan=2|Fluid powerplant type! colspan=2|Dry weight! colspan=2|Peak power output! colspan=2|Power-to-weight ratio!Example use
|
! data-sort-type="number" | SI! data-sort-type="number" | English! data-sort-type="number" | SI! data-sort-type="number" | English! data-sort-type="number" | SI! data-sort-type="number" | English!
|
| Hydropower>hydroelectric water turbine | HTTP://WWW.PLATYPUSPOWER.COM.AU/240SPECS.HTML | PUBLISHER=PLATYPUS POWER | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20091001190130/HTTP://WWW.PLATYPUSPOWER.COM.AU/240SPECS.HTML | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 43 kg| 95 lb| 2 kW| 2.7 hp| 0.047 kW/kg| 0.029 hp/lb| |
|
| Hydropower>hydroelectric turbine| 330 kg| 728 lb| 20 kW| 27 hp| 0.060 kW/kg| 0.037 hp/lb| |
|
| Atlas Copco LZL 35 Compressed-air engine>pneumatic motorHTTP://WWW.ATLASCOPCO.CO.UK/IMAGES/AIRMOTOR_CATALOGUE.ENG_TCM795-1610751.PDF>TITLE=ATLAS COPCO AIR MOTOR CATALOGUE, PAGE 52 â€“ PRODUCT DATA AT AIR PRESSURE 6.3 BAR (91 PSI) â€“ LZL 35 UNRESTRICTED | ATLAS COPCO>ACCESS-DATE=2011-09-21 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2012-04-01, dead, | 20 kg| 44.1 lb| 6.5 kW| 8.7 hp| 0.33 kW/kg| 0.20 hp/lb| |
|
| Atlas Copco LZB 14 Compressed-air engine>pneumatic motorHTTP://WWW.ATLASCOPCO.CO.UK/UKUS/PRODUCTS/NAVIGATIONBYPRODUCT/PRODUCT.ASPX?ID=1466515&PRODUCTGROUPID=1401305 >TITLE=LZB 14 TECHNICAL DATA | ATLAS COPCO>ACCESS-DATE=2011-09-21, | 0.30 kg| 0.66 lb| 0.16 kW| 0.22 hp| 0.53 kW/kg| 0.33 hp/lb| |
|
| Robert Bosch GmbH>Bosch 0 607 954 307 Compressed-air engine | HTTP://WWW.BOSCHPRODUCTIONTOOLS.COM/IWBOPTOCS2-EN/CATEGORY.HTM?CCAT_ID=125831 | WEBSITE=ROBERT BOSCH GMBH | >ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-15, | 0.32 kg| 0.71 lb| 0.1 kW| 0.13 hp| 0.31 kW/kg| 0.19 hp/lb| |
|
| Atlas Copco LZB 46 Compressed-air engine>pneumatic motorHTTP://WWW.ATLASCOPCO.CO.UK/UKUS/PRODUCTS/NAVIGATIONBYPRODUCT/PRODUCT.ASPX?ID=1466765&PRODUCTGROUPID=1401305 >TITLE=LZB 46 TECHNICAL DATA | ATLAS COPCO>ACCESS-DATE=2011-09-21, | 1.2 kg| 2.65 lb| 0.84 kW| 1.13 hp| 0.7 kW/kg| 0.43 hp/lb| |
|
| Robert Bosch GmbH>Bosch 0 607 957 307 pneumatic motor| 1.7 kg| 3.7 lb| 0.74 kW| 0.99 hp| 0.44 kW/kg| 0.26 hp/lb| |
|
| Hydraulic motor#Radial piston motors>radial piston hydraulic motorHTTP://WWW.SAISPA.COM/PDF/GM-7.PDF>TITLE=GM SERIES â€“ GM7 HYDRAULIC MOTOR | AUTHOR=SAI | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130616003424/HTTP://WWW.SAISPA.COM/PDF/GM-7.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 300 kg| 661 lb| 250 kW| 335 hp| 0.83 kW/kg| 0.50 hp/lb| |
|
| Hydraulic motor#Radial piston motors>radial piston hydraulic motorHTTP://WWW.SAISPA.COM/PDF/GM-03.PDF>TITLE=GM03 MOTOR â€“ EXTREMELY COMPACT UNIT | AUTHOR=SAI | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130616023118/HTTP://WWW.SAISPA.COM/PDF/GM-03.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 15 kg| 33 lb| 15 kW| 20 hp| 1 kW/kg| 0.61 hp/lb| |
|
| Hydraulic motor#Axial plunger motors>axial piston hydraulic motorHTTP://WWW.LAUNCHRUN.COM/HPD/PDFS/GOLDCUP_SALESCATALOG_HY28-2667-01-GC-NA,EU.PDF>TITLE=DENISON GOLD CUP PRODUCT CATALOG | AUTHOR=PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION, 2012-10-31, | 110 kg| 250 lb| 384 kW| 509 hp| 3.5 kW/kg| 2.0 hp/lb| |
|
| Rotary vane pump>vane hydraulic pump | HTTP://WWW.PARKER.COM/LITERATURE/VANE_PUMP/PDF%20LITERATURE/SALES/TB%20SALES-1-ML083-A.PDF | PUBLISHER=PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION | ACCESS-DATE=2012-10-31 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2014-12-12, dead, | 7 kg| 15 lb| 40.2 kW| 53.9 hp| 5.7 kW/kg| 3.6 hp/lb| |
|
|Rexroth A2FM 16cc/rev, bent axis hydraulic motor (continuous output)|5.4 kg|11.9 lb|81.8 kW|109.7 hp|15.1 kW/kg|9.21 hp/lb|Concrete mixers, combine harvesters
|
| WEBSITE=HYDROLEDUC | ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-02-27 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, |5.5 kg|12.1 lb|92 kW|123 hp|16.7 kW/kg|10.2 hp/lb|Vehicle transmissions, forestry equipment |
Thermoelectric generators and electrothermal actuators
A variety of effects can be harnessed to produce thermoelectricity, thermionic emission, pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Electrical resistance and ferromagnetism of materials can be harnessed to generate thermoacoustic energy from an electric current.Electrochemical (galvanic) and electrostatic cell systems
(Closed cell) batteries
All electrochemical cell batteries deliver a changing voltage as their chemistry changes from "charged" to "discharged". A nominal output voltage and a cutoff voltage are typically specified for a battery by its manufacturer. The output voltage falls to the cutoff voltage when the battery becomes "discharged". The nominal output voltage is always less than the open-circuit voltage produced when the battery is "charged". The temperature of a battery can affect the power it can deliver, where lower temperatures reduce power. Total energy delivered from a single charge cycle is affected by both the battery temperature and the power it delivers. If the temperature lowers or the power demand increases, the total energy delivered at the point of "discharge" is also reduced.Battery discharge profiles are often described in terms of a factor of battery capacity. For example, a battery with a nominal capacity quoted in ampere-hours (Ah) at a C/10 rated discharge current (derived in amperes) may safely provide a higher discharge current – and therefore higher power-to-weight ratio – but only with a lower energy capacity. Power-to-weight ratio for batteries is therefore less meaningful without reference to corresponding energy-to-weight ratio and cell temperature. This relationship is known as Peukert's law.JOURNAL, Peukert, W., Über die Abhängigkeit der Kapazität von der Entladestromstärke bei Bleiakkumulatoren, Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift, 20, 1897, {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! Battery type! Volts! {{Abbr|Temp.|Temperature}}! data-sort-type="number"|Energy-to-weight ratio! data-sort-type="number"|Power-to-weight ratio
|
| Energizer 675 Mercury (element)>Mercury Free zinc–air batteryHTTP://DATA.ENERGIZER.COM/PDFS/675.PDF>TITLE=PRODUCT DATASHEET â€“ ENERGIZER 675 ZNAIR | ENERGIZER HOLDINGS>ACCESS-DATE=2010-09-20, 2010-02-15, | 1.4 V| 21 °C| 1,645 kJ/kg to 0.9 V | 1.65 W/kg 2.24 mA |
|
| GE Transportation>GE Durathon NaMx A2 uninterruptible power supply | molten-salt batteryHTTP://WWW.PERSONAL.PSU.EDU/KLM5709/PLUGIN-GE-NAMX-BATTERIES-SS.PDF | PUBLISHER=PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY | DATE=2010-09-17 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2013-07-09, dead, | 54.2 V| -40–65 °C| 342 kJ/kg to 37.8 V| 15.8 W/kg C/6 (76 A) |
|
| Panasonic R03 AAA Zinc–carbon batteryHTTP://INDUSTRIAL.PANASONIC.COM/WWW-DATA/PDF2/AAE4000/AAE4000CE16.PDF>TITLE=ZINC CARBON BATTERIES | PANASONIC>ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 5, 2010 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20111002154219/HTTP://INDUSTRIAL.PANASONIC.COM/WWW-DATA/PDF2/AAE4000/AAE4000CE16.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, HTTP://PRODUCTS.PANASONIC-INDUSTRIAL.COM/DOWNLOADS/EN/R03.PDF>PUBLISHER=PANASONIC | DATE=JUNE 25, 1998, {{Dead link | bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | 1.5 V | 20±2 °C| 47 kJ/kg 20 mA to 0.9 V | 3.3 W/kg 20 mA |
|
| 88 kJ/kg 150 mA to 0.9 V | 24 W/kg 150 mA
|
| Eagle-Picher SAR-10081 60 Ah 22-cell nickel–hydrogen batteryHTTP://WWW.DIE.UNIPD.IT/PERSONALE/DOC/BENATO_ROBERTO/DIDATTICA/CORSI/IMPIANTI_ELETTRICI_DI_BORDO_PER_IAS/2_ZONA_DI_TRANSIZIONE/BATTERIE/BATT_SPV.PDF >TITLE=NICKEL HYDROGEN (NIH2) BATTERIES â€“ SINGLE PRESSURE VESSEL | AUTHOR=EAGLEPICHER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC | UNIVERSITY OF PADUA >DATE=FEBRUARY 6, 2003 | date=June 2016 | bot=medic}} | 27.7 V | 10 °C| 192 kJ/kg C/2 to 22 V | 23 W/kg C/2 |
|
| 165 kJ/kg C/1 to 22 V | 46 W/kg C/1
|
| ClaytonPower 400 Ah lithium-ion batteryHTTP://WWW.CLAYTONPOWER.COM/PRODUCTS/LITHIUM-ION-BATTERY/ | ACCESS-DATE=2010-10-05 | AUTHOR=CLAYTON POWER | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-10-22, HTTP://WWW.CLAYTONPOWER.COM/PRODUCTS/COMPLETE-POWER-SYSTEMS-24V-230V/>TITLE=COMPLETE POWER SYSTEMS â€“ 24VDC/230VAC | YEAR=2010 | PUBLISHER=CLAYTON POWER | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110211002321/HTTP://WWW.CLAYTONPOWER.COM/PRODUCTS/COMPLETE-POWER-SYSTEMS-24V-230V/, 2011-02-11, | 12 V|| 617 kJ/kg | 85.7 W/kg C/1 (175 A) |
|
| Energizer 522 Prismatic Zinc | –Manganese dioxide>MnO2 alkaline batteryHTTP://DATA.ENERGIZER.COM/PDFS/522.PDF>TITLE=PRODUCT DATASHEET â€“ ENERGIZER 522 9V | PUBLISHER=ENERGIZER HOLDINGS, | 9 V | 21 °C| 444 kJ/kg 25 mA to 4.8 V| 4.9 W/kg 25 mA |
|
| 340 kJ/kg 100 mA to 4.8 V| 19.7 W/kg 100 mA
|
| 221 kJ/kg 500 mA to 4.8 V| 99 W/kg 500 mA
|
| Panasonic HHR900D 9.25 Ah nickel–metal hydride batteryHTTP://WWW.PANASONIC.COM/INDUSTRIAL/INCLUDES/PDF/PANASONIC_NIMH_HHR900D.PDF>TITLE=NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES â€“ INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEET â€“ HHR900D | PANASONIC>ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 5, 2010, August 2005, | 1.2 V | 20 °C | 209.65 kJ/kg to 0.7 V| 11.7 W/kg C/5 |
|
| 58.2 W/kg C/1
|
| 116 W/kg 2C
|
| University of Rhode Island>URI 1418 Ah replaceable anode aluminium–air battery modelJOURNAL, 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00370-1, 0378-7753, 112, 1, 162–173 | author2=Harold Knickle
, amp, Design and analysis of aluminum/air battery system for electric vehicles, Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 2002JPS...112..162Y, JOURNAL, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.058, 0378-7753, 128, 2, 331–342, Zhang, Xin, Yang, Shao Hua, Knickle, Harold, Novel operation and control of an electric vehicle aluminum/air battery system, Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 2004JPS...128..331Z, | 244.8 V| 60 °C| 4680 kJ/kg | 130.3 W/kg (142 A)
|
|
| LG Chemical/Compact Power | E2 6 Ah LiMn2O4 Lithium-ion polymer batteryHTTP://WWW.LGCHEM.COM/UPLOAD/02_KO/E2%20CELL%20SPECSHEET(6AH).PDF | PAGE=1 | ACCESS-DATE=2010-10-01 | AUTHOR=LG CHEM. | ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-10-16 | | DATE=2009-01-12 | PUBLISHER=LUCKY GOLDSTAR CHEMICAL LTD., COMPACTPOWER DIVISION | AUTHOR=LG CHEM. | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120428153054/HTTP://WWW.COMPACTPOWER.COM/DOCUMENTS/MICROSOFTWORD-LG_CHEM_PRESSRELEASE_FINALON20080110.PDF, 2012-04-28, | 3.8 V | 25 °C| 530.1 kJ/kg C/2 to 3.0 V| 71.25 W/kg |
|
| 513 kJ/kg 1C to 3.0 V| 142.5 W/kg
|
| Saft Groupe S.A. | 45E Fe Super-Phosphate Lithium iron phosphate batteryHTTP://WWW.SAFTBATTERIES.COM/DOC/DOCUMENTS/DEFENCE/CUBE769/VL45EFE.E3741A09-74FD-4DF4-8687-12997F445EF5.PDF | ACCESS-DATE=2010-10-01 | PUBLISHER=SAFT BATTERIES | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-11-22, | 3.3 V | 25 °C| 581 kJ/kg C to 2.5 V| 161 W/kg |
|
| 560 kJ/kg 1.14 C to 2.0 V| 183 W/kg
|
| 0.73 kJ/kg 2.27 C to 1.5 V| 367 W/kg
|
| Energizer CH35 C 1.8 Ah nickel–cadmium batteryHTTP://DATA.ENERGIZER.COM/PDFS/CH35.PDF>TITLE=PRODUCT DATASHEET â€“ ENERGIZER CH35 C | PUBLISHER=ENERGIZER HOLDINGS, | 1.2 V | 21 °C| 152 kJ/kg C/10 to 1 V| 4 W/kg C/10 |
|
| 147.1 kJ/kg 5C to 1 V| 200 W/kg 5 C
|
| Firefly Energy Oasis FF12D1-G31 6-cell 105Ah VRLA battery | Lead–acid battery>batteryHTTP://WWW.FIREFLYENERGY.COM/IMAGES/STORIES/PDFS/GROUP%2031%20SPEC%20SHEET%20REV%20-%20110909.PDF>TITLE=MICROCELL TECHNOLOGY AGM DEEP CYCLE GROUP 31 BATTERY | YEAR=2009 | ARCHIVE-DATE=APRIL 8, 2020 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 12 V| 25 °C| 142 kJ/kg C/10 to 7.2 V | 4 W/kg C/10 |
|
| -1 8 °C| Car battery#Terms and ratings>CCA to 7.2 V | Car battery#Terms and ratings>CCA (625 A) |
|
| 0 °C| Car battery#Terms and ratings>CA to 7.2 V | Car battery#Terms and ratings>CA (800 A) |
|
| Panasonic CGA103450A 1.95 Ah LiCoO2 Lithium-ion batteryHTTP://WWW.PANASONIC.COM/INDUSTRIAL/BATTERY/OEM/IMAGES/PDF/PANASONIC_LIION_CGA103450A.PDF >TITLE=LITHIUM ION BATTERIES â€“ INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEET â€“ CGA103450A | PANASONIC >ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 4, 2010 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=MARCH 27, 2009, | 3.7 V| 20 °C | 666 kJ/kg C/5.3 to 2.75 V| 35 W/kg C/5.3 |
|
| 0 °C | 633 kJ/kg C/1 to 2.75 V| 176 W/kg C/1
|
| 20 °C | 655 kJ/kg C/1 to 2.75 V| 182 W/kg C/1
|
| 20 °C | 641 kJ/kg 2C to 2.75 V| 356 W/kg 2C
|
| UUV 120 Ah zinc–air fuel cellHTTP://WWW.EFBPOWER.COM/DOWNLOADS/UAVBRO2.PDF | PUBLISHER=ELECTRIC FUEL BATTERY CORPORATION | DATE=2003-03-30, ||| 630 kJ/kg| 500 W/kg C/1 |
|
| Sion Power 2.5 Ah lithium–sulfur batteryHTTP://SIONPOWER.COM/PDF/ARTICLES/LIS%20SPEC%20SHEET%2010-3-08.PDF>TITLE=LITHIUM SULFUR RECHARGEABLE BATTERY DATA SHEET | ACCESS-DATE=11 SEPTEMBER 2010 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20141227024756/HTTP://WWW.SIONPOWER.COM/PDF/ARTICLES/LIS%20SPEC%20SHEET%2010-3-08.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, dmy-all, | 2.15 V | 25 °C| 1260 kJ/kg | 70 W/kg C/5 |
|
| 1209 kJ/kg | 672 W/kg 2C
|
| Stanford University | Prussian blue>Prussian Blue durable Potassium-ion batteryJOURNAL, 10.1038/ncomms4007, 5, Pasta, Mauro | author3=Nian Liu | author5=Matthew T. McDowell | author7=Michael F. Toney, Yi Cui
, Full open-framework batteries for stationary energy storage, Nature Communications, 2014-01-06
| pmid=24389854 | doi-access=free, | 1.35 V | room| 54 kJ/kg| 13.8 W/kg C/1 |
|
| 50 kJ/kg | 138 W/kg 10C
|
| 39 kJ/kg | 693 W/kg 50C
|
| Hitachi Maxell>Maxell / GS Yuasa | / National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology>AIST nickel–metal hydride lab prototypeIMPROVEMENT OF NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERY WITH NON-FOAM NICKEL ELECTRODE FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES APPLICATIONS>LAST1=FUKUNAGA | LAST2=KISHIMI | LAST3=MATSUMOTO | LAST4=TANAKA | LAST5=KISHIMOTO | LAST6=OZAKI | LAST7=SAKAI | JOURNAL=ELECTROCHEMISTRY | ISSUE=5 | YEAR=2006 | ISSN=1344-3542 | DOI-ACCESS=FREE, || 45 °C|| 980 W/kg |
|
| Toshiba SCiB cell 4.2 Ah Lithium–titanate battery>Li2TiO3 lithium-ion batteryHTTP://WWW.SCIB.JP/EN/PRODUCT/DETAIL.HTM>TITLE=RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SCIB â€“ DESCRIPTION | TOSHIBA>TOSHIBA CORPORATION | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-08-27, HTTP://WWW.SCIB.JP/EN/PRODUCT/SPEC.HTM>TITLE=RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SCIB â€“ SPECIFICATIONS | TOSHIBA>TOSHIBA CORPORATION | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-08-27, | 2.4 V| 25 °C| 242 kJ/kg | 67.2 W/kg C/1 |
|
| Ionix Power Systems LiMn2O4 lithium-ion battery lab modelHTTP://WWW.IONIXPOWER.COM/LITHIUM_ION_BATTERY.HTM>TITLE=LITHIUM ION BATTERY RESEARCH | ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 4, 2010 | ARCHIVE-DATE=MARCH 15, 2017, dead, || lab| 270 kJ/kg | 1700 W/kg |
|
|| lab| 29 kJ/kg | 4900 W/kg
|
| A123 Systems 26650 Cell 2.3 Ah Lithium iron phosphate battery | lithium-ion batteryHTTP://WWW.A123SYSTEMS.COM/A123/PRODUCTS | URL-STATUS=DEAD | TITLE=A123SYSTEMS PRODUCTS | A123 SYSTEMS>ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 4, 2010, HTTP://WWW.A123SYSTEMS.COM/CMS/PRODUCT/PDF/1/_ANR26650M1A.PDF >TITLE=HIGH POWER LITHIUM ION ANR26650M1A â€“ DATASHEET | A123 SYSTEMS >ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 4, 2010 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20100601144233/HTTP://WWW.A123SYSTEMS.COM/CMS/PRODUCT/PDF/1/_ANR26650M1A.PDF, June 1, 2010, | 3.3 V| -20 °C| 347 kJ/kg C/1 to 2 V| 108 W/kg C/1 |
|
| 0 °C| 371 kJ/kg C/1 to 2 V| 108 W/kg C/1
|
| 25 °C| 390 kJ/kg C/1 to 2 V| 108 W/kg C/1
|
| 25 °C| 390 kJ/kg 27C to 2 V| 3300 W/kg 27C
|
| 25 °C| 57 kJ/kg 32C to 2 V| 5657 W/kg 32C
|
| Saft Groupe S.A. | VL 6 Ah lithium-ion batteryHTTP://WWW.SAFTBATTERIES.COM/DOC/DOCUMENTS/DEFENCE/CUBE769/VL6A_DATA_SHEET.9EA09188-84AD-4C54-989B-A2206DC28DA2.PDF | ACCESS-DATE=2010-10-02 | PUBLISHER=SAFT BATTERIES | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2011-07-18, | 3.65 V | -20 °C| 154 kJ/kg 30C to 2.5 V | 41.4 W/kg 30C (180 A) |
|
| 182 kJ/kg 1C to 2.5 V | 67.4 W/kg 1C
|
| 25 °C| 232 kJ/kg 1C to 2.5 V | 64.4 W/kg 1C |
|
| 233 kJ/kg 58.3C to 2.5 V | 3289 W/kg 58.3C (350 A)
|
| 34 kJ/kg 267C to 2.5 V | 7388 W/kg 267C (1.6 kA)
|
| 4.29 kJ/kg 333C to 2.5 V | 9706 W/kg 333C (2 kA)
Electrostatic, electrolytic and electrochemical capacitors
Capacitors store electric charge onto two electrodes separated by an electric field semi-insulating (dielectric) medium. Electrostatic capacitors feature planar electrodes onto which electric charge accumulates. Electrolytic capacitors use a liquid electrolyte as one of the electrodes and the electric double layer effect upon the surface of the dielectric-electrolyte boundary to increase the amount of charge stored per unit volume. Electric double-layer capacitors extend both electrodes with a nanoporous material such as activated carbon to significantly increase the surface area upon which electric charge can accumulate, reducing the dielectric medium to nanopores and a very thin high permittivity separator.While capacitors tend not to be as temperature sensitive as batteries, they are significantly capacity constrained and without the strength of chemical bonds suffer from self-discharge. Power-to-weight ratio of capacitors is usually higher than batteries because charge transport units within the cell are smaller (electrons rather than ions), however energy-to-weight ratio is conversely usually lower.{| class="wikitable sortable"|
! Capacitor type! data-sort-type="number"|Capacitance! data-sort-type="number"|Voltage! data-sort-type="number"|{{Abbr|Temp.|Temperature}}! data-sort-type="number"|Energy-to-weight ratio! data-sort-type="number"|Power-to-weight ratio
|
| ACT Premlis lithium-ion capacitorHTTP://WWW.ACT.JP/ENG/PREMLIS/PREMLIS.HTM>ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20070515231246/HTTP://WWW.ACT.JP/ENG/PREMLIS/PREMLIS.HTM | ARCHIVE-DATE=MAY 15, 2007 | PUBLISHER=ADVANCED CAPACITOR TECHNOLOGIES, September 9, 2010, | 2000 F | 4.0 V | 25 °C| 54 kJ/kg to 2.0 V| 44.4 W/kg @ 5 A |
|
| 31 kJ/kg to 2.0 V| 850 W/kg @ 10 A
|
| Nesccap Electric double-layer capacitorHTTP://WWW.NESSCAP.COM/DATA_NESSCAP/SPEC_SHEETS/SPEC%2009.PDF>TITLE=NESCCAP ULTRACAPACITOR PRODUCTS â€“ EDLC â€“ PRISMATIC | ACCESS-DATE=SEPTEMBER 10, 2010, {{dead link | bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | 5000 F | 2.7 V | 25 °C| 19.58 kJ/kg to 1.35 V| 5.44 W/kg C/1 (1.875 A) |
|
| 5.2 kJ/kg to 1.35 V | PUBLISHER=NESSCAP CO., LTD. | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=FEBRUARY 6, 2010, @ 2,547 A |
|
| EEStor EESU barium titanate supercapacitor{hide}Ref patent
| country = US
| number = 7466536
| status = patent
| title = Utilization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic and composition-modified barium titanate powders in a matrix that allows polarization and the use of integrated-circuit technologies for the production of lightweight ultrahigh electrical energy storage units (EESU)
| pubdate = 16 December 2008
| gdate = 16 December 2008
| fdate = 13 August 2004
| pridate = 13 August 2004
| invent1 = Weir; Richard Dean
| invent2 = Nelson; Carl Walter
| assign1 = EEStor, Inc{edih}
| 30.693 F | 3500 V | 85 °C| 1471.98 kJ/kg| 80.35 W/kg C/5 |
|
| 1471.98 kJ/kg| 8,035 W/kg 20 C
|
| General Atomics 3330CMX2205 Capacitor | HTTP://WWW.GA-ESI.COM/EP/CAPACITORS/SERIES-CMX-HIGH-ENERGY.PHP | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130329161712/HTTP://WWW.GA-ESI.COM/EP/CAPACITORS/SERIES-CMX-HIGH-ENERGY.PHP, 29 March 2013, | 20.5 mF | 3300 V | (unknown)| 2.3 kJ/kg | date=March 2020|reason=6,800,00 is not a valid number}} |
Fuel cell stacks and flow cell batteries
Fuel cells and flow cells, although perhaps using similar chemistry to batteries, do not contain the energy storage medium or fuel. With a continuous flow of fuel and oxidant, available fuel cells and flow cells continue to convert the energy storage medium into electric energy and waste products. Fuel cells distinctly contain a fixed electrolyte whereas flow cells also require a continuous flow of electrolyte. Flow cells typically have the fuel dissolved in the electrolyte.{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! Fuel cell type! data-sort-type="number"|Dry weight! data-sort-type="number"|Power-to-weight ratio! Example use
|
| Zinc-bromine flow battery>ZBBHTTP://WWW.REDFLOW.COM.AU/FILES/POWERBOSZB600%20-%20LIMITED%20WARRANTY.PDF>TITLE=REDFLOW POWER+BOS ZB600 STAND ALONE POWER SYSTEM | ACCESS-DATE=SEPTEMBER 11, 2010 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=AUGUST 2, 2010, | 900 kg| 5.6 W/kg (9.3 W/kg peak)| Rural Grid support |
|
| Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen MG 2.0 Cogeneration | Solid oxide fuel cell>SOFCHTTP://WWW.CFCL.COM.AU/ASSETS/FILES/BLUEGEN_BROCHURE(ENG_GER)_MAR-09.PDF>ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20091013093245/HTTP://WWW.CFCL.COM.AU/ASSETS/FILES/BLUEGEN_BROCHURE(ENG_GER)_MAR-09.PDF | ARCHIVE-DATE=OCTOBER 13, 2009 | PUBLISHER=CERAMIC FUEL CELLS LTD., February 4, 2010, | 200 kg| 10 W/kg | |
|
| Cogeneration>CHP |
|
| MTU Friedrichshafen 240 kW Molten carbonate fuel cell>MCFC HotModule 2006| 20,000 kg| 12 W/kg| |
|
| Direct methanol fuel cell>DMFCHTTP://WWW.SFC.COM/EN/MAN-PORTABLE-JENNY.HTML >TITLE=THE JENNY FUEL CELL BY SFC | ACCESS-DATE=MARCH 8, 2020 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2009-02-13, | 1.7 kg| 14.7 W/kg| Portable military electronics |
|
| UTC Power PureCell 400 kW Phosphoric acid fuel cell>PAFCHTTP://WWW.UTCPOWER.COM/FS/COM/ATTACHMENTS/DATA_SHEETS/DS0112_093008.PDF>PUBLISHER=UTC POWER | TITLE=UTC POWER â€“ MODEL 400 PURECELL SYSTEM | LOCATION=SOUTH WINDSOR, CONNECTICUT, UNITED STATES | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20090824003547/HTTP://WWW.UTCPOWER.COM/FS/COM/ATTACHMENTS/DATA_SHEETS/DS0112_093008.PDF, August 24, 2009, | date=March 2020|reason=This is the shipping weight, not the installed weight, which could be substantially different}}| 14.7 W/kg | |
|
| Vanadium redox batteryHTTP://WWW.GEFC.COM/INFO/2009112/2009112115605.SHTML | PUBLISHER=GEFC | ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 5, 2010, | 80 kg| 31.3 W/kg (125 W/kg peak) | |
|
| Ballard Power Systems Xcellsis HY-205 205 kW Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell>PEMFCHTTP://WWW.FUELCELLS.ORG/INFO/CHARTS/TRANSTECHNICAL.PDF>ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20041013060109/HTTP://WWW.FUELCELLS.ORG/INFO/CHARTS/TRANSTECHNICAL.PDF | ARCHIVE-DATE=2004-10-13 | ACCESS-DATE=2010-07-24, Fuel Cells 2000, | 2,170 kg| 94.5 W/kg | Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz Citaro>Citaro O530BZ{{Cref2|•}} |
|
| UTC Power/NASA 12 kW Alkaline fuel cell>AFCHTTP://WWW.UTCPOWER.COM/FS/COM/BIN/FS_COM_PAGE/0,11491,0115,00.HTML>TITLE=SPACE ORBITER | UTC POWER>ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 5, 2010 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=SEPTEMBER 5, 2009, | 122 kg| 98 W/kg | Space Shuttle orbiter{{Cref2>•}} |
|
| Ballard Power Systems FCgen-1030 1.2 kW Cogeneration>CHP Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell | HTTP://WWW.BALLARD.COM/FILES/PDF/SPEC_SHEETS/PEM_FC_PRODUCT_PORTFOLIO_DOCMETRICS.PDF | PUBLISHER=BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=JULY 7, 2011, | 12 kg| 100 W/kg| Residential cogeneration |
|
| Ballard Power Systems FCvelocity-HD6 150 kW Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell>PEMFC| 400 kg| 375 W/kg| Bus and heavy duty |
|
| NASA Glenn Research Center 50 W Solid oxide fuel cell>SOFCHTTPS://TECHNOLOGY.GRC.NASA.GOV/DOCUMENTS/AUTO/SOLID-OXIDE-FUEL-CELLS.PDF>TITLE=HIGH POWER DENSITY SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL | NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER>ACCESS-DATE=JUNE 24, 2015 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130218040819/HTTPS://TECHNOLOGY.GRC.NASA.GOV/DOCUMENTS/AUTO/SOLID-OXIDE-FUEL-CELLS.PDF, February 18, 2013, | 0.071 kg| 700 W/kg| |
|
| Honda 2003 43 kW FC Stack Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell>PEMFCHTTP://WORLD.HONDA.COM/FUELCELL/FCX/FCXPK.PDF>ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 4, 2010 | DATE=DECEMBER 2004 | HONDA>URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=DECEMBER 1, 2008, {{Cref2|•}}| 43 kg | 1000 W/kg | Honda FCX Clarity{{Cref2>•}} |
|
| Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell>PEMFC lab prototypeHTTP://CAT.INIST.FR/?AMODELE=AFFICHEN&CPSIDT=2439605>TITLE=LOW-COST LIGHT WEIGHT HIGH POWER DENSITY PEM FUEL CELL STACK | FIRST1=O.J. | FIRST2=A. | FIRST3=E. | PAGES=3829–3840 | LOCATION=INIST, | 0.347 kg | 1,500 W/kg| |
|
| Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell>PEMFCHTTPS://WWW.POWERCELL.SE/WORDPRESS/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2018/12/S3-PRODUKTBLAD-190430.PDF>ACCESS-DATE=JANUARY 6, 2020 | ARCHIVE-DATE=AUGUST 6, 2020 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 43 kg | 2,900 W/kg| |
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown below}}{{Cnote2 End}}">Photovoltaics{| class"wikitable"
|
! Photovoltaic Panel type! Power-to-weight ratio
|
| ThyssenKrupp>Thyssen-Solartec 128 W Nanocrystal solar cell | Silicon>Si Multi-junction photovoltaic cell | Photovoltaics>PV moduleHTTP://WWW.THYSSEN-SOLARTEC.DE/SOLARTEC_UK.PDF >TITLE=THE PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF AND FAçADE SYSTEM | THYSSENKRUPP>THYSSEN SOLARTEC | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20081203013229/HTTP://WWW.THYSSEN-SOLARTEC.DE/SOLARTEC_UK.PDF | ACCESS-DATE=2020-03-08, | 6 W/kg |
|
| Suntech Power | /University of New South Wales>UNSW HiPerforma PLUTO220-Udm 220 W Gallium | -F22 polycrystalline Silicon>Si PERC solar cell | Photovoltaics>PV moduleHTTP://WWW.SUNTECH-POWER.COM/IMAGES/STORIES/2010_DATASHEETS/EN/SUNTECH_HIPERFORMA_UDM_EN.PDF>TITLE=SUNTECH HIPERFORMA MODULE PLUTO220-UDM PLUTO215-UDM | PUBLISHER=SUNTECH POWER, {{dead link | bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | Standard temperature and pressure>STP |
|
| 9.64 W/kg nominal
|
| Global Solar PN16015A 62 W Copper indium gallium selenide>CIGS polycrystalline thin-film solar cell | Photovoltaics>PV moduleHTTP://WWW.GLOBALSOLAR.COM/INDEX.PHP?OPTION=COM_RUBBERDOC&VIEW=DOC&ID=47&FORMAT=RAW>TITLE=POWER THE POSSIBILITIES | WEBSITE=GLOBAL SOLAR | ARCHIVE-DATE=2017-04-01, dead, | 40 W/kg |
|
| Indium gallium phosphide>GaInP2/Gallium arsenide | /Germanium>Ge-on-Germanium | Multijunction photovoltaic cell>Triplejunction Photovoltaics | HTTP://WWW.AEC-ABLE.COM/ARRAYS/RESOURCES/PUMASHEET.PDF | ACCESS-DATE=2010-02-13, Able Engineering Company, | 65 W/kg |
|
| Current spacecraft grade | FIRST=MARTIN J. L. | DATE=28 JANUARY 2018 | VIA=GOOGLE BOOKS, 9783540221906, |
Vehicles
Power-to-weight ratios for vehicles are usually calculated using curb weight (for cars) or wet weight (for motorcycles), that is, excluding weight of the driver and any cargo. This could be slightly misleading, especially with regard to motorcycles, where the driver might weigh 1/3 to 1/2 as much as the vehicle itself. In the sport of competitive cycling athlete's performance is increasingly being expressed in VAMs and thus as a power-to-weight ratio in W/kg. This can be measured through the use of a bicycle powermeter or calculated from measuring incline of a road climb and the rider's time to ascend it.WEB,weblink What is VAM and How to Calculate it?, 2010-06-25, 2009-07-24, Cycling Fitness, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091012184203weblink">weblink 2009-10-12, Locomotives
A locomotive generally must be heavy in order to develop enough adhesion on the rails to start a train. As the coefficient of friction between steel wheels and rails seldom exceeds 0.25 in most cases, improving a locomotive's power-to-weight ratio is often counterproductive. However, the choice of power transmission system, such as variable-frequency drive versus direct-current drive, may support a higher power-to-weight ratio by better managing propulsion power.{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! Vehicle! data-sort-type=number | Year! data-sort-type=number | Power! data-sort-type=number | Vehicle weight! data-sort-type=number | Power-to-weight ratio
|
| Stephenson's Rocket 0-2-2 steam locomotive with Tender (rail)>tenderHTTP://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BPS/ADDITIONALCONTENT/18/28339806/ROBERT-STEPHENSON-AND-19THCENTURY-TRANSPORTATION-TECHNOLOGY>TITLE=ROBERT STEPHENSON AND 19TH-CENTURY TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY | ENCYCLOPæDIA BRITANNICA>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | EDITOR-LAST=KARWATKA, | 1829 | 15 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 4,320 | lb|abbr=on}}| 3.5 W/kg / 0.002 hp/lb |
|
| Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Pioneer Zephyr>Zephyr streamliner diesel locomotive with Railroad car | HTTP://ASMCOMMUNITY.ASMINTERNATIONAL.ORG/VGN-EXT-TEMPLATING/VIEWS/ASM/OPENDOCUMENT.JSP?VCMID=B6B1A538B5C81210VGNVCM100000621E010ARCRD | TITLE=THE BURLINGTON ZEPHYR STAINLESS STEEL TRAIN | LAST=COBB | JOURNAL=ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | date=July 2017 | fix-attempted=yes }}| 1934 | 492 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 94 t / 208,000 lb| 5.21 W/kg / 0.003 hp/lb |
|
| Pennsylvania Railroad class Q2 4-4-6-4 steam locomotive with Tender (rail)>tender | 1944 | 5,956 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 475.9 t / 1,049,100 lb| 12.5 W/kg / 0.0076 hp/lb |
|
| British Rail Class 43 (HST)>British Rail Class 43 high-speed diesel electric locomotive | 1975 | 1,678 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 70.25 t / 154,875 lb| 23.9 W/kg / 0.014 hp/lb |
|
| GE AC6000CW diesel electric locomotive | 1996| 4,660 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 192 t / 423,000 lb| 24.3 W/kg / 0.015 hp/lb |
|
| British Rail Class 55 Napier Deltic diesel electric locomotive | 1961| 2,460 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 101 t / 222,667 lb| 24.4 W/kg / 0.015 hp/lb |
|
| Bombardier Transportation>Bombardier JetTrain High-speed rail | gas turbine-electric locomotiveHTTP://CANADAIR.CA/EN/1_0/1_10/1_10_2_1.JSP?MENU=1_0 | ACCESS-DATE=2010-07-24 | date=October 2022 | fix-attempted=yes }}| 2000 | 3,750 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 90,750 | lb|abbr=on}}| 41.2 W/kg / 0.025 hp/lb |
Utility and practical vehicles
Most vehicles are designed to meet passenger comfort and cargo carrying requirements. Vehicle designs trade off power-to-weight ratio to increase comfort, cargo space, fuel economy, emissions control, energy security and endurance. Reduced drag and lower rolling resistance in a vehicle design can facilitate increased cargo space without increase in the (zero cargo) power-to-weight ratio. This increases the role flexibility of the vehicle. Energy security considerations can trade off power (typically decreased) and weight (typically increased), and therefore power-to-weight ratio, for fuel flexibility or drive-train hybridisation. Some utility and practical vehicle variants such as hot hatches and sports-utility vehicles reconfigure power (typically increased) and weight to provide the perception of sports car like performance or for other psychological benefit.Notable low ratio
{{Original research section|reason=Citations given are mostly that verify the base statistics but don't assert that the power-to-weight ratio is notable compared to other vehicles. |date=August 2021}}{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! Vehicle! data-sort-type=number | Year! data-sort-type=number | Power! data-sort-type=number | Vehicle weight! data-sort-type=number | Power-to-weight ratio
|
| Alberto Contador's Alberto Contador#2009 Verbier climb>Verbier climb 2009 Tour de France on Specialized bike| 2009 | 420 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 62 | lb|abbr=on}}| 6.7 W/kg / 0.004 hp/lb |
|
| Force Motors Minidor Diesel 499 cc auto rickshaw{{citation>url=http://www.forcemotors.com/media/downloads/DIESEL3SEATER.pdf | access-date=2010-01-08 | Force Motors >url-status=dead | weblink >archive-date=October 10, 2008 }}HTTP://BALAJIFORCE.COM/THREEWHEELERS.ASPX?ID=2>PUBLISHER=BALAJI FORCE | TITLE=BALAJI FORCE MINIDOR AUTORICKSHAW | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180728003218/HTTP://BALAJIFORCE.COM/THREEWHEELERS.ASPX?ID=2, dead, | 2008 | 6.6 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 700 | lb|abbr=on}}| 9 W/kg / 0.0054 hp/lb |
|
| Mercedes-Benz Citaro O530BZ Hydrogen>H2 fuel cell busALLY>FIRST1=JAMIE | FIRST2=TREVOR | JOURNAL=JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES | PAGES=401–411 | PUBLISHER=ELSEVIER | MURDOCH UNIVERSITY, PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA>DATE=2007-04-25 | ISSN=0378-7753 | URL=HTTP://RESEARCHREPOSITORY.MURDOCH.EDU.AU/ID/EPRINT/7859/1/LIFE-CYCLE_ASSESSMENT_OF_BUS_TRANSPORTATION_SYSTEMS.PDF, | 2002 | 205 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 14,500 | lb|abbr=on}}| 14.1 W/kg / 0.0085 hp/lb |
|
| Mazda-Go| 1931| 10.1 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 580 | lb|abbr=on}}| 17.6 W/kg / 0.01 hp/lb |
|
| Presidential state car (United States)#Current model>U.S. presidential state carHTTPS://WWW.POPULARMECHANICS.COM/CARS/A4151/4300349/>TITLE = THE TOP PRESIDENTIAL LIMOUSINES OF ALL TIME | | DATE = 22 OCTOBER 2020, HTTPS://WWW.AUTOEVOLUTION.COM/NEWS/2018-BEAST-20-PRESIDENTIAL-LIMO-SPIED-LOOKS-ABSOLUTELY-MASSIVE-116726.HTML>TITLE = 2018 BEAST 2.0 PRESIDENTIAL LIMO SPIED, LOOKS ABSOLUTELY MASSIVE | | | DATE=20 JANUARY 2021, HTTPS://AUTOMOTIVEMAP.COM/UNITED-STATES-PRESIDENT-LIMOUSINE-2020-2645160343.HTML>TITLE = MEET THE BEAST, THE U.S. PRESIDENT'S HEAVILY ARMORED LIMOUSINE | | DATE=17 JANUARY 2019, | - | 224 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 9000 | lb|abbr=on}}| 24.7 W/kg / 0.015 hp/lb |
|
| International CXTJAY | URL=HTTP://WWW.POPULARMECHANICS.COM/AUTOMOTIVE/JAY_LENO_GARAGE/1368287.HTML | DATE=MARCH 2005 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-01-24, | 2004 | 164 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 6,577 | lb|abbr=on}}| 25 W/kg / 0.015 hp/lb |
|
| Amphicar| 1965| 28.5 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1050 | lb|abbr=on}}| 27 W/kg / 0.016 hp/lb |
|
| Th!nk CityHTTP://WWW.THINKEV.COM/THE-THINK-CITY/SPECIFICATIONS/TECHNICAL-DATA/ | ACCESS-DATE=2010-09-13 | TH!NK>TH!NK GLOBAL | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20100922130438/HTTP://WWW.THINKEV.COM/THE-THINK-CITY/SPECIFICATIONS/TECHNICAL-DATA, 2010-09-22, | 2008 | 30 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1038 | lb|abbr=on}}| 28.9 W/kg / 0.017 hp/lb |
|
| Mazda R360| 1960| 12 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 380 | lb|abbr=on}}| 31 W/kg / 0.019 hp/lb |
|
| Mitsubishi i MiEVHTTP://WWW.MITSUBISHI-MOTORS.COM/SPECIAL/EV/WHATIS/INDEX.HTML | ACCESS-DATE=2010-06-03 | PUBLISHER=MITSUBISHI MOTORS | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20081121205210/HTTP://WWW.MITSUBISHI-MOTORS.COM/SPECIAL/EV/WHATIS/INDEX.HTML, 2008-11-21, | 2009 | 47 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,080 | lb|abbr=on}}| 43.5 W/kg / 0.026 hp/lb |
|
| Chevrolet Kodiak/GMC Topkick LYE 6.6 LHTTP://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/REVIEWS/CAR/05Q4/GMC_TOPKICK_C4500_BY_MONROE_TRUCK_EQUIPMENT-MINI_TEST_ROAD_TEST/SPECS_PAGE_2 | PUBLISHER=CAR & DRIVER | DATE=NOVEMBER 2005 | LAST=QUIROGA, | 2005 | 246 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 5126 | lb|abbr=on}}| 48 W/kg / 0.029 hp/lb |
|
| Yamaha Motor Company>Yamaha PW50 minibikeYAMAHA PW50 - FEATURES AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS>URL=HTTPS://WWW.YAMAHA-MOTOR.EU/GB/EN/PRODUCTS/OFFROAD-MOTORCYCLES/COMPETITION/PW50/TECHSPECS/ | WEBSITE=WWW.YAMAHA-MOTOR.EU, HTTPS://WWW.CYCLECHAOS.COM/WIKI/YAMAHA_PW50>TITLE=2019 WESTERN POWER SPORTS CATALOG | PUBLISHER=WESTERN POWER SPORTS, | 2019 | 2 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 41 | lb|abbr=on}}| 49 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Mazda Porter#Porter>Mazda Porter (E360)| 1975 | 24 | hp|abbr=on}} | 470 | lb|abbr=on}}| 51 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Honda Beat| 1991| 47 | hp|abbr=on}} | 760 | lb|abbr=on}}| 62 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Honda Z series>Honda Z series "Monkey Bike"HTTPS://WWW.TOPSPEED.COM/MOTORCYCLES/MOTORCYCLE-REVIEWS/HONDA/2018-2020-HONDA-MONKEY-AR181098.HTML>TITLE=2018 - 2020 HONDA MONKEY @ TOP SPEED | WEBSITE=TOP SPEED, | 2018 | 6.9 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 107 | lb|abbr=on}}| 65 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Autozam AZ-1| 1992| 47 | hp|abbr=on}} | 720 | lb|abbr=on}}| 65 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Subaru 360| 1971| 27 | hp|abbr=on}} | 410 | lb|abbr=on}}| 65.5 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Honda N600| 1968| 34 | hp|abbr=on}} | 508 | lb|abbr=on}}| 66 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Gibbs AquadaHTTPS://GIBBSAMPHIBIANS.COM/PLATFORM/AQUADA/ | | DATE=10 MARCH 2004, HTTPS://WWW.TOPSPEED.COM/BOATS/BOAT-NEWS/NEW-AMPHIBIAN-TECHNOLOGY-AQUADA-THE-BOAT-CAR-AR39910.HTML > TITLE=NEW AMPHIBIAN TECHNOLOGY – AQUADA THE "BOAT" CAR @ TOP SPEED | | 130.5 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1750 | lb|abbr=on}}| 75 W/kg / 0.045 hp/lb |
">Common power{| class"wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|
! Vehicle! data-sort-type="number" | Date! data-sort-type="number" | Power! data-sort-type="number" | Vehicle weight! data-sort-type="number" | Power-to-weight ratio
|
| Toyota Prius 1.8 (petrol only)TOYOTA | URL=HTTP://WWW.TOYOTA.COM/PRIUS-HYBRID/SPECS.HTML | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130128111730/HTTP://WWW.TOYOTA.COM/PRIUS-HYBRID/SPECS.HTML | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2010 | 73 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,380 | lb|abbr=on}}| 53 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Bajaj Platina Naked bike>Naked 100HTTP://WWW.AUTOINDIA.COM/VEHICLESTYLES/BIKE-CAR-DETAILS1086.HTML >ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | TITLE=DETAILS OF BAJAJ PLATINA 100 CC, {{dead link | bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} | cc 2006 | 6 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 113 | lb|abbr=on}}| 53 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Nissan Leaf#First generation (ZE0; 2010)>Nissan Leaf electric car| 2013 | 80 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1493 | lb|abbr=on}}| 55 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Subaru R2 type SHTTP://WWW.CARFOLIO.COM/SPECIFICATIONS/MODELS/CAR/?CAR=117601 | PUBLISHER=CAR FOLIO, 2010-01-08, | 2003 | 47 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 830 | lb|abbr=on}}| 57 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Fiesta ECOnetic 1.6 L TDCi 5drHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=1&MODELID=1244&EDITIONID=1507#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR?, Ford Fiesta Hatchback 1.6 TDCi Econetic 5dr, | 2009 | 66 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,155 | lb|abbr=on}}| 57 W/kg / 0.03 hp/lb |
|
| Volvo C30 1.6D DRIVe Start-stop system>S/S 3dr HatchHTTP://WWW.VOLVOCARS.COM/INTL/ALL-CARS/VOLVO-C30/PAGES/DEFAULT.ASPX>ACCESS-DATE=2010-03-16 | VOLVO>TITLE=VOLVO C30 â€“ A FOUR-SEAT SPORTS COUPé WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110616012746/HTTP://WWW.VOLVOCARS.COM/INTL/ALL-CARS/VOLVO-C30/PAGES/DEFAULT.ASPX, dead, | 2010 | 80 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,347 | lb|abbr=on}}| 59.4 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Focus ECOnetic 1.6 L TDCi 5dr HatchHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=1&MODELID=165&EDITIONID=552#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-01-19 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2009 | 81 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,357 | lb|abbr=on}}| 59.7 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Focus 1.8 L Zetec S TDCi 5dr HatchHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=1&MODELID=165&EDITIONID=619#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-03-03 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2009 | 84 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,370 | lb|abbr=on}}| 61 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Honda FCX Clarity 4 kg HydrogenHTTP://CORPORATE.HONDA.COM/ENVIRONMENT/FUEL_CELLS.ASPX?ID=FUEL_CELLS_FCX | HONDA>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2011-05-20, | 2008 | 100 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,600 | lb|abbr=on}}| 63 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Hummer H1 6.6 L V8HTTP://WWW.INTERNETAUTOGUIDE.COM/CAR-SPECIFICATIONS/09-INT/2006/HUMMER/H1/INDEX.HTML | PUBLISHER=INTERNETAUTOGUIDE.COM | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2010-07-01, | 2006 | 224 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 3,559 | lb|abbr=on}}| 63 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Audi A2 1.4 L TDI 90 type SHTTP://WWW.CARFOLIO.COM/SPECIFICATIONS/MODELS/CAR/?CAR=117601 | PUBLISHER=CAR FOLIO, 2010-01-08, | 2003 | 66 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,030 | lb|abbr=on}}| 64 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Opel/Vauxhall Motors>Vauxhall/Holden/Chevrolet Opel Astra | 1.7 L CTDi 125HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=2080&MODELID=2199&EDITIONID=31557#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-01-19 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2010 | 92 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,393 | lb|abbr=on}}| 66 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Mini (BMW)>Mini (new) Cooper 1.6DHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=29021&MODELID=29090&EDITIONID=29126#TABSECTION3>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | WHAT CAR?>TITLE=MINI COOPER HATCHBACK 1.6D 3DR | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160303173659/HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=29021&MODELID=29090&EDITIONID=29126#TABSECTION3, dead, | 2007 | 81 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,185 | lb|abbr=on}}| 68 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Volkswagen 1-litre car>Volkswagen XL1| 2013 | 55 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 795 | lb|abbr=on}}| 69 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Prius 1.8 & L (electric boost)| 2010 | 100 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,380 | lb|abbr=on}}| 72 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Focus 2.0 L Zetec S TDCi 5dr HatchHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=1&MODELID=165&EDITIONID=553#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-03-10 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2009 | 100 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,370 | lb|abbr=on}}| 73 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Dodge Ram Pickup (fifth generation)>RAM 1500HTTPS://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/RAM/A27435754/1500/>TITLE=2021 RAM 1500 REVIEW, PRICING, AND SPECS | LAST=STAFFORD | WEBSITE=CAR AND DRIVER, | 2021 | 194 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2601 | lb|abbr=on}}| 74.5 W/kg / 0.04 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Venza I4 2.7 L Front-wheel drive>FWDHTTP://WWW.TOYOTA.COM/VENZA/SPECS.HTML>ACCESS-DATE=2010-11-06 | PUBLISHER=TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, 2010, | 2009 | 136 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,706 | lb|abbr=on}}| 80 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Focus 2.0 L Zetec S 5dr HatchHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=1&MODELID=165&EDITIONID=617#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-03-06 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2009 | 107 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,327 | lb|abbr=on}}| 81 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Fiat Grande Punto 1.6 L Multijet 120 2005HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=9434&MODELID=10026&EDITIONID=31419&MAKEID1=&MODELID1=&EDITIONID1=&MAKEID2=&MODELID2=&EDITIONID2=#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-03-03 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2005 | 88 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,075 | lb|abbr=on}}| 82 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Kia Forte#Third generation (BD; 2018)>Kia ForteHTTPS://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/KIA/A27436286/FORTE-FORTE5/>TITLE=2021 KIA FORTE REVIEW, PRICING, AND SPECS | LAST1=DORIAN | LAST2=BERESFORD | WEBSITE=CAR AND DRIVER, | 2021 | 110 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1314 | lb|abbr=on}}| 83 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Hyundai i20#Second generation (GB/IB; 2014)>Hyundai i20HTTPS://WWW.AUTOEVOLUTION.COM/CARS/HYUNDAI-I20-2014.HTML>TITLE=HYUNDAI I20 SPECS & PHOTOS - 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, autoevolution, | 2014 | 88 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1045 | lb|abbr=on}}| 84 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Opel/Vauxhall Motors>Vauxhall/Holden/Chevrolet Opel Astra | 2.0 L CTDi 160HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=2080&MODELID=2199&EDITIONID=31559#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-03-09 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2010 | 118 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,393 | lb|abbr=on}}| 85 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Hyundai Getz| 2008| 81 | hp|abbr=on}} | 930 | lb|abbr=on}}| 87 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Focus (North America)>Ford Focus 2.0 autoHTTP://WWW.CARFOLIO.COM/SPECIFICATIONS/MODELS/CAR/?CAR=176847>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08, 2007 Ford Focus 2.0 Automatic (US) Technical specifications, | 2007 | 104.4 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,198 | lb|abbr=on}}| 87.1 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Subaru Legacy>Subaru Legacy/Liberty 2.0RHTTP://WWW.CARFOLIO.COM/SPECIFICATIONS/MODELS/CAR/?CAR=131901>TITLE=2005 SUBARU LEGACY 2.0R TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, 2010-01-08, | 2005 | 121 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,370 | lb|abbr=on}}| 88 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Kia Sportage#Fourth generation (QL; 2015)>Kia Sportage 2.4 L 4-cyl. Front-wheel drive | HTTPS://WWW.KIA.COM/US/EN/SPORTAGE/SPECS | website=www.kia.com}}| 2021 | 135 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1499 | lb|abbr=on}}| 90 W/kg / 0.055 hp/lb |
|
| Subaru Outback 2.5iHTTP://WWW.CARFOLIO.COM/SPECIFICATIONS/MODELS/CAR/?CAR=178321 | ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08, | 2008 | 130.5 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,430 | lb|abbr=on}}| 91 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Smart Fortwo 1.0 L BrabusHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=28845&MODELID=28846&EDITIONID=28914&MAKEID1=&MODELID1=&EDITIONID1=&MAKEID2=&MODELID2=&EDITIONID2=#TABSECTION3 | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-01-19 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2009 | 72 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 780 | lb|abbr=on}}| 92 W/kg / 0.05 hp/lb |
|
| Honda Odyssey (North America)#Second generation (RL1; 1999)>Honda Odyssey 3.5 L V6| 2001 | 179 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1920 | lb|abbr=on}}| 93 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Tesla Model 3HTTPS://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/TESLA/A27436548/MODEL-3/ | FIRST1=DREW | FIRST2=JOEY | DATE=FEBRUARY 18, 2021, Car and Driver, | 2021 | 165 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1768 | lb|abbr=on}}| 93 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| 2021 nissan leaf>Nissan Leaf| 2018 | 160 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1580 | lb|abbr=on}}| 99 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| BMW i3| 2021| 135 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1348 | lb|abbr=on}}| 100 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Crown Victoria#Second generation (EN114; 1998–2012)>Ford Crown Victoria| 2004 | 186 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1840 | lb|abbr=on}}| 101 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Hyundai Sonata#Sixth generation (YF; 2009)>Hyundai Sonata 2.4 L 4-cyl.| 2011 | 147 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1451 | lb|abbr=on}}| 101 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W211)#E 320 CDI>Mercedes-Benz E 320 CDI| 2003 | 167 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1649 | lb|abbr=on}}| 101.3 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Acura TSX| 2006| 153 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1505 | lb|abbr=on}}| 102 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Hyundai Santa Fe#Second generation (CM; 2005)>Hyundai Santa Fe 3.3 L V6HTTPS://WWW.AUTOBLOG.COM/BUY/2007-HYUNDAI-SANTA+FE-LIMITED_W_XM__FRONT_WHEEL_DRIVE/SPECS/>TITLE=2007 HYUNDAI SANTA FE LIMITED W/XM FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE SPECS AND PRICES, Autoblog, | 2007 | 180 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1744.5 | lb|abbr=on}}| 103 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Chevrolet ExpressHTTPS://WWW.CHEVROLET.COM/INDEX/VEHICLES/2021/COMMERCIAL/EXPRESS-CARGO-PASSENGER/EXPRESS-CARGO-PASSENGER.HTML | website=Chevrolet}}| 2021 | 299 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2858 | lb|abbr=on}}| 105 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Volvo XC90#First generation (2002–2014)>Volvo XC90 4.4 L V8 AWD 4drHTTPS://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/VOLVO/XC90/SPECS/2011/VOLVO_XC90_VOLVO-XC90_2011>TITLE=2011 VOLVO XC90 V8 AWD 4DR FEATURES AND SPECS | DATE=3 NOVEMBER 2021, | 2011 | 232 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2194 | lb|abbr=on}}| 106 W/kg / 0.06 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Venza V6 3.5 L all-wheel drive>AWD| 2009 | 200 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,835 | lb|abbr=on}}| 109 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Venza I4 2.7 L Front-wheel drive>FWD with Lotus Engineering | mass reductionHTTP://WWW.THEICCT.ORG/PUBS/MASS_REDUCTION_FINAL_2010.PDF | TITLE=AN ASSESSMENT OF MASS REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES FOR A 2017–2020 MODEL YEAR VEHICLE PROGRAM | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20111104234118/HTTP://WWW.THEICCT.ORG/PUBS/MASS_REDUCTION_FINAL_2010.PDF, 2011-11-04, | 2009 | 136 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,210 | lb|abbr=on}}| 112.2 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Hilux V6 DOHC 4 L 4×2 Single Cab Pickup truck>Pickup Coupe utility | HTTP://WWW.TOYOTA.COM.AU/TWR/CONTENT/STATIC/74843.PDF | TITLE=TOYOTA HILUX 4×2 UTES 2009 | TOYOTA>ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20100602000027/HTTP://WWW.TOYOTA.COM.AU/TWR/CONTENT/STATIC/74843.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 2009 | 175 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,555 | lb|abbr=on}}| 112.5 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Dodge Ram pickup#Fourth generation (2009; DS/DJ/D2)>RAM 2500 6.4 L V8 Hemi| 2018 | 306 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2694 | lb|abbr=on}}| 113.5 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Venza V6 3.5 L Front-wheel drive>FWD| 2009 | 200 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1,755 | lb|abbr=on}}| 114 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Tacoma#Third generation (N300; 2015)>Toyota Tacoma 3.5 L V6| 2016 | 207 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1805 | lb|abbr=on}}| 115 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Tundra#First generation (XK30/XK40; 2000)>Toyota Tundra 4.7 L V8| 2005 | 210 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1785 | lb|abbr=on}}| 118 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Dodge Ram pickup#Second generation (1994; BR/BE)>Ram 1500 8.0 L Magnum V10| 2002 | 224 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1885 | lb|abbr=on}}| 119 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Volkswagen Golf Mk6>Volkswagen Golf GTI 2.0 L 4-cyl.HTTPS://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/REVIEWS/A15146936/2010-VOLKSWAGEN-GTI-FIRST-DRIVE-REVIEW>TITLE=2010 VOLKSWAGEN GTI FIRST DRIVE | LAST=MEINERS | WEBSITE=CAR AND DRIVER, | 2010 | 157 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1315 | lb|abbr=on}}| 119 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Tundra#Second generation (XK50; 2007)>Toyota Tundra 5.7 L V8HTTPS://WWW.TOYOTA.COM/TUNDRA/FEATURES/WEIGHTS_CAPACITIES/>TITLE=2021 TOYOTA TUNDRA SEATING CAPACITY, CARGO VOLUME & WEIGHT, www.toyota.com, | 2021 | 284 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2377 | lb|abbr=on}}| 119.5 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Nissan Titan#Second generation (A61; 2016)>Nissan TitanHTTPS://WWW.CARANDDRIVER.COM/NISSAN/A27436932/TITAN/>TITLE=2021 NISSAN TITAN REVIEW, PRICING, AND SPECS | LAST=STAFFORD | WEBSITE=CAR AND DRIVER, | 2021 | 298 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2495 | lb|abbr=on}}| 120 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| Honda Civic (tenth generation)>Honda Civic Si Coupe| 2020 | 153 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1242 | lb|abbr=on}}| 123 W/kg / 0.075 hp/lb |
|
| Dodge Ram pickup#Third generation (2002; DR/DH/D1/DC/DM)>Ram 2500 5.7 L V8 Hemi| 2009 | 291 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2338 | lb|abbr=on}}| 124 W/kg / 0.075 hp/lb |
|
| Acura TL| 2004| 201 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1579 | lb|abbr=on}}| 127.5 W/kg / 0.08 hp/lb |
|
| Ford Taurus SHO#Fourth generation (2010-2019)>Ford Taurus SHO| 2009 | 272 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1990 | lb|abbr=on}}| 137 W/kg / 0.08 hp/lb |
|
| Chevrolet Silverado 6.2 L V8HTTPS://MEDIA.GM.COM/MEDIA/US/EN/CHEVROLET/VEHICLES/SILVERADO/2021.TAB1.HTML | WEBSITE=MEDIA.GM.COM, | 2021 | 313 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1996 | lb|abbr=on}}| 157 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| Ford F-Series (fourteenth generation)>Ford F-150 XL SuperCab 3.5 L PowerBoost V6 twin-turbo hybridHTTPS://WWW.FORD.COM/TRUCKS/F150/FEATURES/POWER/ >TITLE=2022 FORD F-150® TRUCK | POWER FEATURES | DATE= | | PUBLISHER=FORD.COM | ACCESSDATE=2022-05-15, | 2021 | 321 | hp|abbr=on}} | 2090 | lb|abbr=on}}| 153 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota Tacoma#First generation (N140/N150/N160/N170/N190; 1995)>Toyota Tacoma TRD 3.4 L V6| 1996 | 189 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1161 | lb|abbr=on}}| 163 W/kg / 0.1 hp/lb |
Performance luxury, roadsters and mild sports
Increased engine performance is a consideration, but also other features associated with luxury vehicles. Longitudinal engines are common. Bodies vary from hot hatches, sedans (saloons), coupés, convertibles and roadsters. Mid-range dual-sport and cruiser motorcycles tend to have similar power-to-weight ratios.{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! Vehicle! data-sort-type="number" | Year! data-sort-type="number" | Power! data-sort-type="number" | Vehicle weight! data-sort-type="number" | Power-to-weight ratio
|
| eRuf Model A electric car| 2008| 150 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1910 | lb|abbr=on}}| 78.5 W/kg / 0.047 hp/lb |
|
| Morgan 3-WheelerHTTPS://WWW.MORGAN-MOTOR.COM/3-WHEELER/ | TITLE=MORGAN 3 WHEELER, 21 September 2022, | 2021 | 61 | hp|abbr=on}} | 525 | lb|abbr=on}}| 116.5 W/kg / 0.07 hp/lb |
|
| BMW 2002 TI>BMW 2002 TurboHTTPS://WWW.BMW2002.CO.UK/HISTORY-OF-THE-02/TURBO/>TITLE=TURBO | BMW 2002, | 1973 | 127 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1080 | lb|abbr=on}}| 117 W/kg / 0.071 hp/lb |
|
| Honda Accord sedan (automobile)>sedan V6| 2011 | 202 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1630 | lb|abbr=on}}| 124 W/kg / 0.075 hp/lb |
|
| Toyota 86/Subaru BRZ| 2020| 153 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1190 | lb|abbr=on}}| 128.5 W/kg / 0.078 hp/lb |
|
| Mini (BMW)>Mini (new) Cooper 1.6T S JCWHTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=29021&MODELID=29090&EDITIONID=29144#TABSECTION3>TITLE=MINI COOPER HATCHBACK 1.6T S JOHN COOPER WORKS 3DR | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110927123702/HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=29021&MODELID=29090&EDITIONID=29144#TABSECTION3, dead, | 2008 | 155 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1205 | lb|abbr=on}}| 129 W/kg / 0.078 hp/lb |
|
| Nissan IDx#IDx NISMO>Nissan IDx NISMO| 2013 | 172 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1315 | lb|abbr=on}}| 130 W/kg / 0.079 hp/lb |
|
| Mazda RX-8 1.3 L Wankel engine>Wankel| 2003 | 173 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1309 | lb|abbr=on}}| 132 W/kg / 0.08 hp/lb |
|
| Holden Caprice (WM)>Holden Statesman/Caprice / Buick Park Avenue / Daewoo Veritas 6 L V8HTTP://WWW.TOPSPEED.COM/CARS/HOLDEN/2007-HOLDEN-WM-CAPRICE-AR13106.HTML>PUBLISHER=TOPSPEED | TITLE=2007 HOLDEN WM CAPRICE, 12 September 2006, | 2007 | 270 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1891 | lb|abbr=on}}| 143 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| Kawasaki KLR650 Gasoline Dual-sport motorcycle>DualSport 650 cc| | 26 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 182 | lb|abbr=on}}| 143 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| NATO HDT M1030M1>HTC M1030M1 Diesel/JP-8 | Dual-sport motorcycle>DualSport 670 cc{{citation | title=M1030M1 JP8/Diesel Military Motorcycle | access-date=2009-02-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207091333weblink|archive-date=2006-12-07}}| | 26 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 182 | lb|abbr=on}}| 143 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| Softail Deluxe>Harley-Davidson FLSTF Softail Fat Boy Cruiser (motorcycle) | 1,584 ccHTTP://WWW.TOPSPEED.COM/MOTORCYCLES/MOTORCYCLE-REVIEWS/HARLEY-DAVIDSON/2009-HARLEY-DAVIDSON-FLSTF-SOFTAIL-FAT-BOY-AR73839.HTML | DATE=4 MAY 2009 | ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-26, | 2009 | 47 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 324 | lb|abbr=on}}| 145 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| BMW 7 Series 760Li 6 L V12HTTP://WWW.BMWBLOG.COM/DOCS/BMW_760I_760LI.PDF | BMW>ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | TITLE=THE NEW BMW 760I; THE NEW BMW 760LI; CONTENTS., {{dead link | bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}| 2006 | 327 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 2250 | lb|abbr=on}}| 145 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| Subaru Impreza WRX STi 2.0 LDAN | URL=HTTP://WWW.EDMUNDS.COM/INSIDELINE/DO/DRIVES/FULLTESTS/ARTICLEID=123768 | ACCESS-DATE=2010-01-08 | EDMUNDS.COM>EDMUNDS INSIDELINE | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20090228171218/HTTP://WWW.EDMUNDS.COM/INSIDELINE/DO/DRIVES/FULLTESTS/ARTICLEID=123768, 2009-02-28, | 2008 | 227 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1530 | lb|abbr=on}}| 148 W/kg / 0.09 hp/lb |
|
| Kia Stinger GT| 2021| 272 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1737 | lb|abbr=on}}| 157 W/kg / 0.095 hp/lb |
|
| Opel Speedster| 2000| 149 | hp|abbr=on}} | 930 | lb|abbr=on}}| 160 W/kg / 0.10 hp/lb |
|
| Ginetta G40| 2010| 130 | hp|abbr=on}} | 795 | lb|abbr=on}}| 164 W/kg / 0.10 hp/lb |
|
| Honda Civic Type R#FK8 (2017; based on tenth generation Civic)>Honda Civic Type R| 2020 | 235 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1395 | lb|abbr=on}}| 169 W/kg / 0.10 hp/lb |
|
| HSV Clubsport>GMH HSV Clubsport / GMV VXR8 / GMC CSV CR8 / Pontiac G8 6 L V8HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=2080&MODELID=4102&EDITIONID=4110#TABSECTION3>TITLE=VAUXHALL VXR8 SALOON 6.2 V8 BATHURST 4DR | MAGAZINE=WHAT CAR? | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110927123734/HTTP://WWW.WHATCAR.COM/REVIEW/EDITIONCOMPARE?NEWORUSED=NEW&MAKEID=2080&MODELID=4102&EDITIONID=4110#TABSECTION3, dead, | 2006 | 317 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1831 | lb|abbr=on}}| 173 W/kg / 0.10 hp/lb |
|
| Tesla Roadster (2008)>Tesla RoadsterHTTP://WWW.TESLAMOTORS.COM/ROADSTER/SPECS#SPECS-2>TITLE=ROADSTER FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS | TESLA MOTORS>ACCESS-DATE=2011-07-31 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130212054049/HTTP://WWW.TESLAMOTORS.COM/ROADSTER/SPECS#SPECS-2, 2013-02-12, | 2011 | 215 | bhp|abbr=on}} | 1235 | lb|abbr=on}}| 174 W/kg / 0.10 hp/lb |
|
| Mercedes-Benz SLK-Class (R170)>Mercedes-Benz SLK 32 AMGHTTPS://WWW.CARFOLIO.COM/MERCEDES-BENZ-SLK-32-AMG-93115>TITLE=2001 MERCEDES-BENZ SLK 32 AMG R 170 SPECIFICATIONS {{PIPE, technical data {{pipe}} performance {{pipe}} fuel economy {{pipe}} emissions {{pipe}} dimensions {{pipe}} horsepower {{pipe}} torque {{pipe}} weight|website=www.carfolio.com}}| 2001 | 260 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1495 | lb|abbr=on}}| 174 W/kg / 0.10 hp/lb |
|
| Maserati Coupé#Maserati GranSport>Maserati GranSport| 2004 | 294 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1680 | lb|abbr=on}}| 175 W/kg / 0.11 hp/lb |
|
| Pontiac GTO#2005>Pontiac GTO| 2005 | 298 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1690 | lb|abbr=on}}| 176.5 W/kg / 0.11 hp/lb |
|
| Nissan 370Z>Nissan Fairlady Z NISMO| 2013 | 261 | hp|abbr=on}} | 1466 | lb|abbr=on}}| 178 W/kg / 0.11 hp/lb |
Sports vehicles
Power-to-weight ratio is an important vehicle characteristic that affects the acceleration of sports vehicles.{{Self-published|date=May 2021}}{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! Vehicle! data-sort-type="number" | Year! data-sort-type="number" | Power! data-sort-type="number" | Vehicle weight! data-sort-type="number" | Power-to-weight ratio
