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{{Short description|Administrative division historically used in the Ottoman Empire}}{{About|a type of administrative unit in the Middle East}}A kaza (}}, “judgment” or “jurisdiction“){{#tag:ref|Translations into the languages used by the other ethnicities of the Ottoman Empire,BOOK, Strauss, Johann,menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true, 2010, A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages, Herzog, Christoph, Malek Sharif, The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy, Orient-Institut Istanbul, Würzburg, 21-51, (info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 41-44 (PDF p. 43-46/338). other than those already listed above:

• Modern Turkish and ({{translit|hy|awan}}, a calque meaning “borough“)
• ({{translit|bg|okoliya}}, a calque meaning “district“) and ({{translit|bg|kaazà}})
• ({{translit|el|ypodioíkisis}}, a calque meaning “subprefecture“), ({{translit|el|dímos}}, a calque meaning “people” or “district“), and ({{translit|el|kazás}})

  administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire>administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. It is also discussed in English under the names district, subdistrict,{{#tag:ref

  nahiyah>nahiye level of the Ottoman administration.}} and juridical district. Kazas continued to be used by some of the empire’s successor states. At present, they are used by administrative divisions of Iraq

  , administrative divisions of Lebanon>Lebanon, Administrative divisions of Jordan

  , and in Arabic language>Arabic discussion of Administrative divisions of Israel

  . In these contexts, they are also known by the Arabic name qada, qadā, or qadaa (}}, ). Former use Ottoman Empire In the Ottoman Empire, a kaza was originally equivalent to the kadiluk, the district subject to the legal and administrative jurisdiction of a kadi or judge of Islamic law. This usually corresponded to a major city of the empire with its surrounding villages. A small number of kazas made up each sanjak (“banner“) under a sanjakbey. Each kaza was in turn made up of one or more nahiyes (“districts“) under müdürs{{what?|date=March 2024}} and mütesellims and several karyes (“villages“) under muhtars.With the first round of Tanzimat reforms in 1839, the administrative duties of each district’s kadi were transferred to a kaymakam (“governor“) appointed by the Ministry of the Interior and a treasurer, with the kadis restricted to solely religious and judicial roles. Kazas were further emended and distinguished from the kadiluks under the 1864 Provincial Reform Law, implemented over the following decade as part of efforts by the Porte to establish uniform and rational administration across the empire. The 1871 revisions removed the kazas’ responsibility for direct supervision of their villages, placing them all under nearby nahiyes instead. Mandatory Palestine The subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine were known as nafa () in Hebrew but as kaza, qada, etc. in Arabic. The same terms continue to be used in present-day Israel and Palestine. Syria Syria used kazas, qadas, etc. as its second-level administrative division after independence but later{{when?|date=March 2024}} renamed them mintaqahs. Turkey The Republic of Turkey continued to use kazas until the late 1920s,{{when|date=September 2023}} when it renamed them subprovinces (). Current use Kaza, qada, etc. is also used to refer to the following: Districts of Iraq (second-level, below the governorates) Districts of Lebanon (second-level, below the governorates) Subdistricts of Israel (second-level, below the districts, in Arabic) Subdistricts of Jordan (third-level, below the governorates and the districts) See also Alcalde Qadi Notes {{reflist|group=note}} References }{{Arabic terms for country subdivisions}}{{Turkish terms for country subdivisions}}

  
  
  
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