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{{Short description|City in Hunan, China}}

factoids

}}| official_name = | nickname = Dayong| motto = | image_skyline = China IMG 3410 (29112503573).jpg| imagesize = Wulingyuan>Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area| image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_map = Location of Zhangjiajie Prefecture within Hunan (China).png| mapsize = | map_caption = Location of Zhangjiajie City jurisdiction in Hunan| pushpin_map = China Hunan#China| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Zhangjiajie City centre in Hunan##Location of Zhangjiajie City centre in China| pushpin_label_position = left| pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = People’s Republic of ChinaProvinces of China>Province| subdivision_name1 = Hunan| subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | seat_type = | seat = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 9,518| area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = District (China)>Districts| area_blank1_km2 = 2571.3| area_urban_km2 = 55.20TITLE=CHINA URBAN CONSTRUCTION STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2017 PUBLISHER=CHINA STATISTICS PRESS PAGE=68 ACCESS-DATE=11 JANUARY 2020, | population_as_of = 2010| population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 1,476,521| population_density_km2 = auto| population_blank1_title = Districts| population_blank1 = 584000| population_urban = 225700| population_urban_footnotes =  (2017)Prefecture-level city Renminbi>CNÂ¥ 44.8 billionUS$ 7.2 billion| demographics2_title2 = Per capita| demographics2_info2 = CNÂ¥ 29,425US$ 4,724China Standard Time>China Standard| utc_offset = +8| coor_pinpoint = Zhangjiajie municipal government29.117110.479type:adm2nd_region:CN-43_source:Gaodedisplay=it}}| elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = Postal code of China>Postal code| postal_code = | area_code = CN-HN-08)www.zjj.gov.cn}}| footnotes = }}

factoids

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factoids

Zhangjiajie ({{zh|s=张家界|t=張家界|p=Zhāngjiājiè}}; Tujia: /tsán tɕá kǎi/), is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan Province, China. It comprises the district of Yongding, Wulingyuan and counties of Cili and Sangzhi. It contains the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, part of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.WEB,en.cnta.gov.cn/html/2008-11/2008-11-16-10-27-72978.html, 16 November 2008, AAAAA Scenic Areas, China National Tourism Administration, 9 April 2011, dead,en.cnta.gov.cn/html/2008-11/2008-11-16-10-27-72978.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140404043021en.cnta.gov.cn/html/2008-11/2008-11-16-10-27-72978.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140404043021en.cnta.gov.cn/html/2008-11/2008-11-16-10-27-72978.html, April 4, 2014,

History

File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh49-10.jpg|thumb|left|Map including Zhangjiajie (labeled as TA-YUNG (YUNG-TING) ) (AMS, 1953)]]The city itself was previously named Dayong () and has a recorded history dating back to 221 BC.WEB, Zhangjiajie History, Zhangjiajie History Timeline, History of Ancient Zhangjiajie China,www.zhangjiajietourguide.com/article-p152-zhangjiajie-history-timeline.html, 2022-06-11, www.zhangjiajietourguide.com, People lived here along both banks of the Lishui River (the mother river in Zhangjiajie), now within the boundaries of Zhangjiajie City, very early during the Stone Age. Human settlement in this region dates back 100,000 years, rivaling famous sites such as Xi’an, Beijing and others. In 1986, the Academy of Chinese Social Science discovered Stone Age relics in Cili County, unearthing 108 articles of stoneware; mostly tapered-form, hacked-tamped and plate-shaped works. Shortly thereafter, in 1988, the Archaeological Institute of the Hunan Province found other relics in Sangzhi County, including three pieces of stoneware that were estimated to have been fashioned over around the same time period.WEB, History of Zhangjiajie - Zhangjiajie Tour Guide, China,www.zhangjiajietourguide.com/article-p264-history-of-zhangjiajie.html, 2022-06-11, www.zhangjiajietourguide.com, Ten thousand years ago, those who lived within the boundaries of what is now Zhangjiajie City employed fire to bake pottery. Archaeologists have found more than 20 relics of this kind in the Cili County. While in Sangzhi County, a black clay pot adorned with a unique design was unearthed dating back ten thousand years. During that period, this pottery-firing technique was the most advanced in China. These technological advancements in the fashioning of stone tools and pottery would seem to indicate a highly developed culture in this region. However, the society which developed only endured briefly before waning and being superseded by other regional powers. This seems understandable in view of Zhangjiajie’s remote geographical position, its undeveloped land and river transportation and its mountainous terrain making cultivation difficult. For these reasons, Zhangjiajie has been labeled “the Land of the Savage Southern Minority” since the earliest recorded history. Additional name descriptors have been the “Wuling Rude People” and “Tujia Rude People”, indicative of discriminatory views held against the regional culture.WEB,www.cn-zhangjiajie.com/view-1-48.html, 23 November 2010, Tujia language, Zhangjiajie Municipal Government, 10 July 2014,

Origin of the name

File:Wulingyuan 3.jpg|thumb|right|WulingyuanWulingyuanFile:Tianmen Mountain temple I (30000795430).jpg|thumb|right|The Tianmenshan Temple at Tianmen MountainTianmen MountainThe new name of Zhangjiajie City was adopted in 1994, after the National Forest Park in the Wulingyuan Scenic Area in order to give it more prominence and after this site had been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. The National Forest Park had been given the name of Zhangjiajie after the name of a small village located within its bounds and now a popular tourist attraction within the park. The three-character name ({{zh|labels=no|s=张家界}}) can be interpreted as follows: “Zhang” () is a common surname in China; “jia” () can be translated as “family” and “jie” () can be translated as “homeland”, giving the completed translation of “Zhang family homeland.” It has been reported that at least one tourist guide has said that the name may have been chosen to convey the idea or impression of “Open the family door to welcome the world” ({{zh|labels=no|s={{uline|å¼ }}å¼€{{uline|家}}门引进世{{uline|ç•Œ}}}}), but this is not the locally accepted and directly-translated meaning of the name. The official version of its name is linked to a Han general and advisor, Zhang Liang, who resettled in the area after a suspicious Liu Bang, the founder of Han dynasty, started to persecute his staffs and generals who had contributed to his becoming emperor. It was so named to signify that the Zhang family had set up home there.WEB,www.cn-zhangjiajie.com/view-1-3375.html, 20 November 2013, The Origin of Zhangjiajie Name, Zhangjiajie Municipal Government, 10 July 2014, “jie” in the city has two meanings: one refers to the boundary of ownership, the other refers to high mountains. The Daoguang edition of the Qing Dynasty “Annals of Yongding County” contained: “Wudong Stream originated in Zhangjiajie.” Republic of China edition of “Cili County records” contained: “Suoxi from Zhangjiajie.” Here Zhangjiajie, refers to the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park area. Zhangjiajie’s name, the earliest in the Ming Chongzhen four years (1631) “Zhang Genealogy” preface. The preface was written by Zhang Zaichang, the sixth grandson of Zhang Wancong, commander of Yongding Wei Dayong Office. During the reign of Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty (1488–1506), the imperial court, seeing Zhang Wancong’s meritorious service in guarding the town, awarded him the “mountain land” around the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park as a fief. He then moved his family up the mountain to maintain the business. Ming Chongzhen three years (1630), the sixth generation of Zhang Wancong’s grandson Zhang Zaihong was given a regiment officer, and set up a government office here. This area became the hereditary territory of the Zhang family, called “Zhangjiajie”.

Administrative subdivisions

Zhangjiajie administers two districts and two counties.

• Yongding District () (which contains the central, built-up area of Zhangjiajie city)
• Wulingyuan District ()
• Cili County ()
• Sangzhi County ()

{| class=“wikitable” style="font-size:90%;” align=center!Map|{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Zhangjiajie.png|width=600|link=}} {{Image label|x=1150|y=1260|scale=600/2700|text=Yongding}}{{Image label|x=1230|y=840|scale=600/2700|text=Wulingyuan}}{{Image label|x=1980|y=760|scale=600/2700|text=CiliCounty}}{{Image label|x=770|y=470|scale=600/2700|text=SangzhiCounty}}{{Image label end}}

Climate

{{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y|single line=y |collapsed = Y|location = Zhangjiajie (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)|Jan high C = 9.5|Feb high C = 12.2|Mar high C = 17.0|Apr high C = 23.4|May high C = 27.4|Jun high C = 30.5|Jul high C = 33.5|Aug high C = 33.6|Sep high C = 29.4|Oct high C = 23.3|Nov high C = 17.9|Dec high C = 12.2|Jan mean C = 5.6|Feb mean C = 7.9|Mar mean C = 12.0|Apr mean C = 17.7|May mean C = 22.0|Jun mean C = 25.5|Jul mean C = 28.2|Aug mean C = 28.0|Sep mean C = 24.0|Oct mean C = 18.4|Nov mean C = 13.0|Dec mean C = 7.9|Jan low C = 2.9|Feb low C = 4.9|Mar low C = 8.5|Apr low C = 13.8|May low C = 18.2|Jun low C = 21.9|Jul low C = 24.4|Aug low C = 24.2|Sep low C = 20.4|Oct low C = 15.1|Nov low C = 9.7|Dec low C = 4.9Jan record low C = −4.5Feb record low C = −3.4Mar record low C = −1.3Apr record low C = 3.1May record low C = 8.7Jun record low C = 11.9Jul record low C = 18.3Aug record low C = 15.8Sep record low C = 12.5Oct record low C = 4.1Nov record low C = −0.9Dec record low C = −3.6|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation mm = 46.2|Feb precipitation mm = 58.3|Mar precipitation mm = 88.4|Apr precipitation mm = 125.5|May precipitation mm = 192.7|Jun precipitation mm = 219.8|Jul precipitation mm = 226.9|Aug precipitation mm = 114.9|Sep precipitation mm = 100.6|Oct precipitation mm = 94.5|Nov precipitation mm = 64.2|Dec precipitation mm = 26.9|Jan humidity = 74|Feb humidity = 73|Mar humidity = 74|Apr humidity = 74|May humidity = 76|Jun humidity = 78|Jul humidity = 76|Aug humidity = 73|Sep humidity = 72|Oct humidity = 75|Nov humidity = 76|Dec humidity = 72|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 11.1|Feb precipitation days = 11.2|Mar precipitation days = 13.9|Apr precipitation days = 14.4|May precipitation days = 16.3|Jun precipitation days = 15.2|Jul precipitation days = 13.8|Aug precipitation days = 11.0|Sep precipitation days = 9.1|Oct precipitation days = 12.6|Nov precipitation days = 10.4|Dec precipitation days = 8.6|year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 57.7|Feb sun = 57.9|Mar sun = 84.0|Apr sun = 110.2|May sun = 123.0|Jun sun = 124.9|Jul sun = 180.4|Aug sun = 189.4|Sep sun = 132.6|Oct sun = 104.2|Nov sun = 91.1|Dec sun = 74.6|year sun = | Jan percentsun = 18| Feb percentsun = 18| Mar percentsun = 22| Apr percentsun = 28| May percentsun = 29| Jun percentsun = 30| Jul percentsun = 42| Aug percentsun = 47| Sep percentsun = 36| Oct percentsun = 30| Nov percentsun = 29| Dec percentsun = 23| year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 5.0|Feb snow days = 2.6|Mar snow days = 0.8|Apr snow days = 0|May snow days = 0|Jun snow days = 0|Jul snow days = 0|Aug snow days = 0|Sep snow days = 0|Oct snow days = 0|Nov snow days = 0.1|Dec snow days = 1.7|year snow days = China Meteorological AdministrationHTTP://DATA.CMA.CN/DATA/WEATHERBK.HTML PUBLISHER=CHINA METEOROLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION ACCESS-DATE=11 JUNE 2023, WEB,experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps, zh:中国气象数据网, China Meteorological Administration, zh-hans, 28 May 2023, Experience Template, }}

Government

The current CPC Party Secretary (chief) of Zhangjiajie is Guo Zhenggui and the current Mayor is Liu Ge’an.

Transportation

The Zhangjiajie Hehua International Airport services scheduled service to major airports in China. It is about {{convert|5|km|abbr=on}} away from the downtown and {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} away from Wulingyuan Scenic Area. There are domestic flights available between Zhangjiajie and other cities, such as Changsha, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc. Flights between Zhangjiajie and Seoul and Busan are also available. “Zhangjiajie Travel Guide” ChinaTour.Net Accessed 2015-1-21{{wide image|ZhangjiajieGlassByHighestBridges.jpg|600px|align-cap=center|The Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.}}

Rail

Zhangjaijie is served by two railway stations. Zhangjiajie railway station is on the Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway. Zhangjiajie West railway station opened in 2019 on the Qianjiang–Changde railway.

Roads

Due to tourism, the G5513 Changsha–Zhangjiajie Expressway links provincial capital Changsha and Zhangjiajie.

International relations

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in China}}

Twin towns — Sister cities

Zhangjiajie is twinned with:

• {{flagdeco|ROK}} Hadong County, South Gyeongsang, South Korea (2006)
• {{flagdeco|US}} Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States (2009)
• {{flagdeco|JPN}} Naruto, Tokushima, Japan (2011)
• {{flagdeco|PRT}} Arouca, Metropolitan Area of Porto, Portugal (2017)

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{commons category|Zhangjiajie}}{{Wikivoyage|Zhangjiajie}}

• Zhangjiajie tourism information website
• Zhangjiajie city government Web site

{{Hunan topics}}{{Hunan}}{{Authority control}}