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{{Short description|Unix operating system}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=y}}

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}}UnixWare is a Unix operating system. It was originally released by Univel, a jointly owned venture of AT&T's Unix System Laboratories (USL) and Novell. It was then taken over by Novell. Via Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), it went on to Caldera Systems, Caldera International, and The SCO Group before it was sold to UnXis (now Xinuos). UnixWare is typically deployed as a server rather than a desktop. Binary distributions of UnixWare are available for x86 architecture computers. UnixWare is primarily marketed as a server operating system.

History

{{anchor|Univel|1.0.0|Destiny|Personal|Advanced Server}}Univel (1991–1993)

After the SVR4 effort to merge SunOS and System V, AT&T's Unix System Laboratories (USL) formed the Univel partnership with Novell to develop a desktop version of Unix for i386 and i486 machines, codenamed "Destiny".JOURNAL, Computer Business Review,weblink Unix Labs and Novell plan join venture, reveal bones of mass distribution alliance, 25 October 1991, 2008-10-31,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160506095315weblink">weblink 6 May 2016, Destiny is based on the Unix System V release 4.2 kernel. The MoOLIT toolkit is used for the windowing system, allowing the user to choose between an OPEN LOOK or MOTIF-like look and feel at runtime. In order to make the system more robust on commodity desktop hardware, the Veritas VXFS journaling file system is used in place of the UFS file system used in SVR4. Networking support in UnixWare includes both TCP/IP and interoperability with Novell's NetWare protocols (IPX/SPX); the former were the standard among Unix users at the time of development, while PC networking was much more commonly based on NetWare.NEWS, InfoWorld, 28 June 1993, Alan, Radding, UnixWare: Bringing shrink-wrapped Unix to the masses,weblink 65–66, Destiny was released in 1992 as UnixWare 1.0, with the intention of unifying the fragmented PC Unix market behind this single variant of the operating system. The system was earlier to reach the corporate computing market than Microsoft's Windows NT, but observers of the period remarked that UnixWare was "just another flavor of Unix", Novell's involvement being more a marketing ploy than a significant influx of technology.{{r|infoworld}} There two editions of Destiny: a Personal Edition, which includes Novell IPX networking but not TCP/IP, and an Advanced Server Edition with TCP/IP and other server software. The personal edition is limited to two active users, while the server edition includes an unlimited user license. Around 35,000 copies of UnixWare 1.0 were sold.NEWS,weblink UnixWare grows up; Novell's revamped SVR4.2 environment proves very workable, Michael, Blakeley, 21 March 1994, PC Week, In 1992, UnixWare 1.0 Personal Edition came with DOS Merge 3.0 and Novell's DR DOS 6.0.In 1993, Novell purchased USL from AT&T and merged USL and Univel into a new Unix Systems Group.JOURNAL,weblink Novell formally announces the Unix Systems Group, Computer Business Review, 7 July 1993, 2008-10-30,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100218150651weblink">weblink 2010-02-18,

{{anchor|Novell|1.1.0|1.1.1|1.1.2|1.1.3|1.1.4|2.0.0}}Novell (1993–1995)

In 1994 Novell released UnixWare 1.1, which includes TCP/IP in both the personal and advanced server editions.{{Citation }}The MOTIF 1.2 runtime libraries are included for COSE compliance. NUC (NetWare Unix Client) software is included for integration with Novell NetWare servers. The Advanced Merge application is installed on both the server and personal editions to allow running DOS and Windows 3.1 applications.Novell later released bug-fix versions 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and finally 1.1.4 on 19 June 1995.{{Citation }}UnixWare 2.0, based on the Unix System V release 4.2MP kernel, which added support for multiprocessing, began shipping to OEMs and developers in December 1994,{{Citation }} {{Citation }} Before SCO licensed UnixWare in 1995, Novell had also announced a project to create a "SuperNOS" based on NetWare 4.1 and UnixWare 2.0 technologies in the future. This never materialized. Instead, a NetWare 4.10 server on Linux was offered as Caldera NetWare for Linux for OpenLinux since 1998, and Novell's Open Enterprise Server finally came in 2005.

{{anchor|SCO|2.1.0|2.1.1|2.1.2|2.1.3|7.0.0|7.0.1|7.1.0|7.1.1|Gemini|Business|Department|Enterprise}}Santa Cruz Operation (1995–2001)

In 1995, the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) acquired UnixWare from Novell.{{Citation |url=http://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/1995/12/pr95274.html |title=Novell Completes Sale of UnixWare Business to The Santa Cruz Operation |access-date=2007-07-14 }} The exact terms of this transaction were disputed (see SCO vs Novell); courts have subsequently determined that Novell retained the ownership of Unix.When the transfer was made public SCO announced that it would work towards merging UnixWare with its OpenServer SVR3.2 based OS,{{Citation }} {{Citation }}One controversial change was the adoption of an OpenServer-like user licensing policy. The Univel and Novell releases of UnixWare allow 2 users on the personal edition or unlimited numbers of users on the server edition. With UnixWare 2.1 the server edition includes a license for up to 5 users. Customers wanting more users could purchase 10, 25, 100, 500 or unlimited user license extensions.{{Citation }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}SCO released three updates to UnixWare 2.1. UnixWare 2.1.1, released in 1996 achieved Unix 95 branding.{{Citation }} In 1998 Compaq released a package known as the Integrity XC consisting of a single-system image cluster of Proliant servers with a version of UnixWare 2.1, UnixWare NonStop Clusters.{{Citation }}The first results of the Gemini project were made available in early 1998 as UnixWare 7.{{Citation }} {{Citation }}UnixWare 7 lacks the Xenix compatibility features of both its ancestors.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}In 1999 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1 update which increased the number of editions; the Business (5-user), Department (25 user) and Enterprise (50 user) editions replace the earlier personal and server editions. The WebTop application from Tarantella, Inc. is included.{{Citation }}In 2000 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1.1 update. Simultaneously the UnixWare NonStop Clusters 7.1.1+IP single-system image cluster package was released. This new package allows commodity hardware to be used as well as the proprietary Compaq hardware supported by the earlier Integrity XC product, and was directly available from SCO.{{Citation }}

{{anchor|OpenUNIX|The SCO Group|7.1.3|7.1.4|7.1.4MP1|7.1.4MP2|7.1.4MP3|7.1.4MP4}}Caldera Systems, Caldera International and The SCO Group (2000–2011)

On 2 August 2000,{{citation needed|date=May 2014|reason=The exact date is quite important given the various company reorganizations happening in 2000–2001.}} Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) announced that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as rights to the OpenServer and UnixWare products, to Caldera Systems. In March 2001, Caldera Systems became Caldera International (CII), and the SCO purchase was completed in May 2001.{{citation needed|date=May 2014|reason=The exact date is quite important given the various company reorganizations happening in 2000/2001.}} The remaining part of the Santa Cruz Operation company, the Tarantella Division, changed its name to Tarantella, Inc.Caldera International's initial release of UnixWare was renamed OpenUNIX 8. This release is what would have been UnixWare 7.1.2.Caldera International renamed itself to The SCO Group in August 2002, after broadening its product line to include mobile products and services.Later, the newly renamed The SCO Group reverted to the previous UnixWare brand and version release numbering, releasing UnixWare 7.1.3{{Citation |url=http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=5416 |title=UnixWare 7.1.3 Review - OSNews.com |access-date=2007-07-14 }} and 7.1.4.{{Citation |url=http://www.sco.com/products/unixware714/ |title=The SCO Group, Inc. |access-date=14 July 2007 }} No further OpenUNIX releases were made available and OpenUNIX 8.1.2 (OU812){{citation needed|date=May 2014|reason=Caldera International released as OpenUNIX 8 what would have been UnixWare 7.1.2. However, why is a "OpenUNIX *8*.1.2" mentioned here? What was this supposed to be, did it actually exist at least as unreleased beta?}} was never released. The SCO Group continued to maintain UnixWare and issues periodic maintenance updates and support.{{Citation Between 2007 and 2011, The SCO Group engaged in a series of legal battles. In September 2007, The SCO Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.The SCO Group Files Chapter 11 to Protect Assets as It Addresses Potential Financial and Legal Challenges. The SCO Group, Inc. press release, 14 September 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903203522weblink |date=3 September 2009 }}On 11 April 2011, UnXis bought The SCO Group operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware."UnXis Completes Purchase of SCO UNIX Assets" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114115305weblink |date=2011-11-14 }}, press release, 11 April 2011NEWS,weblink SCO closes sale of Unix system to Nevada company, 11 April 2011, Harvey, Tom, 11 April 2011, The Salt Lake Tribune, The SCO Group, Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group, Inc., and SCO Operations, Inc. became TSG Operations, Inc.,WEB,weblink Certificates of Amendment to the Debtors’ Certificates of Incorporation (Exhibit A), Secretary of State of the State of Delaware/Groklaw, 6 May 2011, 7 May 2011, and in August 2012 filed to convert from Chapter 11 to Chapter 7.WEB,weblink SCO Files for Chapter 7: "There is no reasonable chance of 'rehabilitation", 7 August 2012, Groklaw,

{{anchor|UnXis|Xinuos}}UnXis and Xinuos (2011–present)

The rights to Unixware, as well as OpenServer, were acquired by UnXis in 2011.In June 2013 UnXis was renamed as XinuosWEB, Xinuos {{!, Press Release - UnXis renamed Xinuos|url =weblink|website = www.Xinuos.com|access-date = 11 September 2015|first = Sean|last = Snyder}} and announced product and availability for SCO UnixWare 7.1.4+, now supporting both physical and virtual machines.

Version history {| class"wikitable sortable"

!Year!halign=right|Release!Company!Codebase!Kernel version!Notes valign=topUnixWare 1.0>Univel>SVR4.2>|Novell>||||UnixWare 2.0>SVR4.2MP>Symmetric multiprocessing>SMP|Final release of UnixWare 1| | July 1995| November 1995Santa Cruz Operation>||||Final release of UnixWare 2UnixWare 7>SVR5>|A "merge" of UnixWare 2 and OpenServer 5|||Caldera International >|The SCO Group >|See also Smallfoot (SVR6)DATE=4 MARCH 2009ACCESS-DATE=17 MAY 2017, |Maintenance pack 1|Maintenance pack 2|Maintenance pack 3|Maintenance pack 4Xinuos>FIRST=SEANWEBSITE=WWW.XINUOS.COMARCHIVE-DATE=2018-06-12 URL-STATUS=DEAD, for VMware ESX|2015|UnixWare 7 Definitive|Xinuos||7.1.4+|Compatible with previous supported UnixWare versions|2017|UnixWare 7 Definitive 2018 |Xinuos||7.1.4+|In-place upgrade from previous supported versions

SCO Skunkware and open source

All versions of UnixWare have included significant open source components including BIND/X11/Sendmail/DHCP/Perl/Tcl and others. Later releases are bundled with numerous additional open source applications including Apache, Samba, MySQL, PostgreSQL, OpenSSH, and Mozilla software.All versions of SCO operating system distributions including UnixWare also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via the SCO Skunkware site.{{Citation

See also

• Portable NetWare
• Caldera OpenLinux
• Smallfoot
• Lineo Embedix
• SUSE Linux

References

External links

• SCO UnixWare 7.1.4 Data Sheet (PDF)
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20031204183836weblink">SCO History - includes UnixWare release dates
• SCO UnixWare 7 / Caldera International OpenUNIX 8 FAQ

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