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{{About||the language|Tidore language|the sultanate|Sultanate of Tidore}}

factoids

| native_name = | nickname = | motto = Toma Loa Se Banari(The Conscience of the People)List of regencies and cities of Indonesia>City| image_skyline = Tidore Island Indonesia Daytime.jpg| imagesize = | image_caption = Tidore Island, as seen from Ternate Island.| image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = Lambang Kota Tidore Kepulauan.png| image_map = ID Tidore.PNG| mapsize = | map_caption = Location within Maluku Islands| pushpin_map = Indonesia_Maluku_and Western New Guinea#Indonesia Halmahera#Indonesia| pushpin_label_position = bottomMaluku Islands>Maluku, Halmahera and IndonesiaList of sovereign states>CountryIndonesia}}Regions of Indonesia>Region| subdivision_name1 = Maluku IslandsProvinces of Indonesia>ProvinceNorth Maluku}}| government_type = | leader_title = Mayor| leader_name = Ali Ibrahim| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor| leader_name1 = Muhammad Senin| leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 1703.32| area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = 150.12| area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = mid 2023 estimate| population_note = Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Tidore Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272)| population_total = 118613| population_density_km2 = auto| population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = 65459| population_density_metro_km2 = auto| population_density_metro_mi2 = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_mi2 = Time in Indonesia>Indonesia Eastern Time| utc_offset = +9| timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = 0N24region:ID-MU_type:isle|display=inline,title}}| elevation_m = | elevation_ft = Postal codes in Indonesia>Postcodes| postal_code = 978xx| area_code = (+62) 921Telephone numbers in Indonesia>Area codeVehicle registration plates of Indonesia>DG| website = tidorekota.go.id| footnotes = title=OpenStreetMap



factoids



{{hidden end}}}}Tidore (, lit. “City of Tidore Islands“) is a city, island, and archipelago in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia, west of the larger island of Halmahera. Part of North Maluku Province, the city includes the island of Tidore (with three smaller outlying islands) together with a large part of Halmahera Island to its east. In the pre-colonial era, the Sultanate of Tidore was a major regional political and economic power, and a fierce rival of nearby Ternate, just to the north.

Geography

Tidore Island consists of a large stratovolcano which rises from the seafloor to an elevation of {{Convert|1730|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above sea level at the conical Mount Kie Matubu on the south end of the island. The northern side of the island contains a caldera, Sabale, with two smaller volcanic cones within it.Soasio is Tidore’s capital. It has its own port, Goto, and it lies on the eastern edge of the island. It has a mini bus terminal and a market. The sultan’s palace was rebuilt with completion in 2010.Kompas

History

{{See also|Sultanate of Tidore}}Tidore was the center of a spice-funded sultanate that arose in the 15th century. It spent much of its history in the shadow of Ternate, another sultanate with which it had a dualistic relationship.BOOK, Witton, Patrick, Indonesia, Lonely Planet, 2003, Melbourne, 827–828, 1-74059-154-2, Islam spread to Tidore around the late 15th century but Islamic influence in the area can be traced further back to the late 14th century.BOOK, Azra, Azyumardi,books.google.com/books?id=ePSkf-DHu5YC&pg=PA26, Islam in the Indonesian World: An Account of Institutional Formation, Mizan Pustaka, 2006, 978-979-433-430-0, 39–40, Azyumardi Azra, The sultans of Tidore ruled most of southern Halmahera, and, at times, controlled Buru, East Ceram and many of the islands off the coast of New Guinea.Leonard Andaya (1993) The world of Maluku. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, p. 99-110. Tidore established an alliance with the Spanish in the sixteenth century, and Spain had several forts on the island. There was mutual distrust between the Tidorese and the Spanish but for the Tidorese the Spanish presence was helpful in resisting the incursions of the Ternateans and their ally the Dutch, who had a fort on Ternate. For the Spanish, backing the Tidore state helped check the expansion of Dutch power that threatened their nearby Asia-Pacific interests, provided a useful base right next to the centre of Dutch power in the region and was a source of spices for trade.Leonard Andaya (1993), p. 169-74.Although nominally part of the Spanish East Indies in the later sixteenth century and well into the seventeenth century, the Tidore sultanate established itself as one of the strongest and most independent states in the region. After the Spanish left in 1663, it continued to resist direct control by the Dutch East India Company (the VOC). Particularly under Sultan Saifuddin (r. 1657–1687), the Tidore court was skilled at using Dutch payment for spices for gifts to strengthen traditional ties with Tidore’s traditional peripheral territories. As a result, he was widely respected by many local populations, and had little need to call on foreign military help for governing the kingdom, unlike Ternate which frequently relied upon Dutch military assistance.Leonard Andaya (1993), p. 190-2.Tidore long remained an independent state, albeit with growing Dutch interference, until the late eighteenth century. Like Ternate, Tidore allowed the Dutch spice eradication program (extirpatie) to proceed in its territories.Muridan Widjojo (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c. 1780-1810. Leiden: Brill, p. 33-7. This program, intended to strengthen the Dutch spice monopoly by limiting production to a few places, impoverished Tidore and weakened its control over its periphery.In 1780 Tidore was forced to sign a treaty that reduced it to a Dutch vassal. The discontented Prince Nuku left Tidore and declared himself Sultan of the Papuan Islands. This was the beginning of a guerilla war which lasted for many years.Muridan widjojo (2009), p. 55-8. The Papuans, south-east Halmaherans and east Ceramese sided with the rebellious Prince Nuku. The British sponsored Nuku as part of their campaign against the Dutch in the Moluccas. Captain Thomas Forrest was intimately connected with Nuku and represented the British as ambassador. Nuku could finally take Tidore in 1797 and helped the British to conquer Ternate in 1801.Muridan Widjojo (2009), p. 75-88. However, his successor Zainal Abidin was expelled by Dutch forces in 1806 and Tidore was firmly brought under colonial rule.Muridan Widjojo (2009), p. 88-94.The sultanate was abolished in the Sukarno era and re-established in 1999 with the 36th sultan. Tidore was largely spared from the sectarian conflict of 1999 across the Maluku Islands.

Administration

File:Indonesia 2000 1000r r.jpg|thumb|right|Tidore Island featured on the Indonesian 1,000-rupiah banknote ]]The island, together with three smaller islands (Mare, Maitara and Filonga) and an adjacent much larger section (called “Oba“) of Halmahera Island, constitutes a municipality (kotamadya) within the province of North Maluku. It is officially called the “Tidore Islands City” because it includes four islands (the main island of Tidore, plus the three nearby smaller islands of Mare, Maitara and Filonga) as well as the Oba area on mainland Halmahera (also including minor offshore islands). The whole municipality covers an area of {{convert|1,703.32|km2|sqmi}} and had a 2010 Census population of 90,530;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. the 2020 Census produced a total of 114,480Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. and the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 118,613 (comprising 60,041 males and 58,572 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Tidore Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272)It is divided into eight districts (kecamatan), of which four constitute the island of Tidore (including the three small islands) and the other four constitute the Oba area on the ‘mainland’ of Halmahera. These are tabulated below with their areas (in sq km) and their populations at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 Census,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Tidore Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8272) The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 49 rural desa and 40 urban kelurahan), and its post code.{| class=“sortable wikitable”! Kode Wilayah || Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) || English name || Areain km2|| Pop’nCensus2010 || Pop’nCensus2020 || Pop’nEstimatemid 2023 ||Admincentre||No.ofkelurahan||No.ofdesa||Postcode36.08align=“right”22,975align=“right”13align=“center”|97811-9781342.40align=“right”14,671align=“right”6align=“center”|9782137.64align=“right”17,294align=“right”10align=“center”|9782334.00align=“right”9,608align=“right”7align=“center”|97822(totals onTidore Island) >150.12align=“right”53,836>64,548align=“right”65,459>36align=“center”6>| 376.00align=“right”19,552align=“right”2 (e) align=“center”|97827424.00align=“right”10,096align=“right”1align=“center”|97826403.67align=“right”13,628align=“right”1align=“center”|97824196.58align=“right”6,656align=“right”-align=“center”|97825(totals onHalmahera Island) >1,400.25align=“right”36,219>49,932align=“right”53,154>4align=“center”43>| Notes: (a) including Filonga Island to the northeast of Tidore Island. (b) including Mare Island (with an area of 11 km2), to the south of Tidore. (c) including Maitara island, to the northwest of Tidore (and between Tidore and Ternate), with an area of 2 km2 and about 3,600 inhabitants. (d) including the town of Sofifi, which since 2010 has been the provincial capital of North Maluku. (e) Sofifi and Guraping.

References

{{reflist}}

• Andaya, Leonard Y. 1993. The world of Maluku: eastern Indonesia in the early modern period. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-1490-8}}.
• Hanna, Willard A. & Des Alwi. 1990. Turbulent times past in Ternate and Tidore. Banda Naira: Rumah Budaya Banda Naira.

External links

{{EB1911 poster|Tidore}}{{Commons category|Tidore}}

• The History of the Spanish Presence in the Moluccas (Indonesia): the Spanish Forts in Tidore Island, Maluku, Indonesia by Marco Ramerini
• GVP, 268061, Tidore,

{{North Maluku}}{{Maluku-islands}}{{Spanish Empire}}{{Authority control}}