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{{short description|American filmmaker}}

factoids

| birth_place = Appleton, Wisconsin, U.S.| death_date =| death_place =| nationality =| other_names =| known_for =University of Wisconsin–MadisonVON BUSACKTITLE=ART SCHOOL INTERVIEW: RICHARD VON BUSACK TALKS TO DIRECTOR TERRY ZWIGOFFPUBLISHER=METRO SILICON VALLEY>ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 7, 2013, | years_active = 1979–present| occupation = Director, producerTITLE=FILM; A DIRECTOR WHO LIKES TO SIT ALONE IN THE DARKWORK=THE NEW YORK TIMESDATE=JULY 22, 2001, }}Terry Zwigoff (born May 18, 1949){{citation needed|date=August 2012}} is an American film director whose work often deals with misfits, antiheroes, and themes of alienation. He first garnered attention for his work in documentary filmmaking with Louie Bluie (1985) and Crumb (1995). After Crumb, Zwigoff moved on to write and direct fiction feature films, including the Academy Award-nominated Ghost World (2001) and Bad Santa (2003).

Life and career

Early life and education

Zwigoff was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, to a Jewish family of dairy farmers.WEB, Udovitch, Mim,www.nytimes.com/2003/11/30/movies/film-terry-zwigoff-s-santa-he-s-making-list-checking-his-escape-routes-twice.html, FILM - Terry Zwigoff’s Santa - He’s Making a List And Checking His Escape Routes Twice, The New York Times, 2003-11-30, 2016-08-09, He was raised in Chicago.

Underground comix scene

Zwigoff moved to San Francisco in the 1970s and met cartoonist Robert Crumb, who shared his interest in pre-war American roots music. Zwigoff, who plays cello and mandolin (as well as the saw, and the Stroh violin), joined Crumb’s string band R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders, with whom he recorded several records.Zwigoff’s friendship with Crumb led to his involvement in the underground comix scene. He initially edited the one-shot Aminals}} #1 (Apex Novelties, 1972), the groundbreaking comic in which Art Spiegelman first introduced the characters and themes that would become Maus. In 1972–1973, Zwigoff operated Golden Gate, a small retailer and underground comix publisherLevin, Bob. The Pirates and the Mouse: Disney’s War Against The Underground (Fantagraphics Books, 2003), p. 40.“ARTISTIC COMICS by R. CRUMB. 1973. (1st printing),” Steve Krupp’s Curio Shoppe: a Division of DenisKitchen.com. Accessed May 31, 2018. (located at 429 Brazil Street in San Francisco).Indicia, Turned On Cuties (Golden Gate Publishing, 1972). Archived at the Grand Comics Database. Golden Gate Publishing released three comics during this period, all of which heavily featured Crumb’s work:

• The People’s Comics (Sept. 1972) – all Crumb; features the story in which Fritz the Cat is killed
• Turned On Cuties (1972) – 28 pages of “pin-up” illustrations by Jay Lynch and a host of other San Francisco-based underground comix creators
• Artistic Comics (Mar. 1973) – 68 pp. of reproductions from Crumb’s sketchbooks

Zwigoff later sold Golden Gate’s publishing rights to Kitchen Sink Press.From 1981 to 1984, Zwigoff helmed the letter column of Weirdo, a comics anthology edited by Crumb. “Weirdo’s Advice to the Lovelorn” was written by Zwigoff, operating under the nom de plume of “Prof. T. E. Zwigoff”.

Filmmaking career

Zwigoff began his film career making documentary films, starting with 1985’s Louie Bluie, a one-hour documentary about the blues and string band musician Howard Armstrong. Zwigoff had been inspired to locate and interview him after listening to a 30s recording, “State Street Rag”, on which Armstrong played the mandolin.Zwigoff worked on a documentary about R. Crumb and his two brothers for nine years, during which Zwigoff said he was “averaging an income of about $200 a month and living with back pain so intense that I spent three years with a loaded gun on the pillow next to my bed, trying to get up the nerve to kill myself”.Ebert, Roger (November 20, 2005). Crumb review. Chicago Sun Times. He completed Crumb in 1994; the critically acclaimed film won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival,NEWS,query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6D6103EF933A05752C0A963958260, A Sort of Cinderella Prevails at Sundance, Weinraub, Bernard, 1995-01-30, The New York Times, 2009-01-12, 2008-01-26,query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6D6103EF933A05752C0A963958260," title="web.archive.org/web/20080126090001query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6D6103EF933A05752C0A963958260,">web.archive.org/web/20080126090001query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6D6103EF933A05752C0A963958260, dead, the DGA award,WEB,www.dga.org/Awards/History/1990s/1995.aspx, Awards / History / 1995, 2011-09-15, 2012-03-25,www.dga.org/Awards/History/1990s/1995.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20120325015447www.dga.org/Awards/History/1990s/1995.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20120325015447www.dga.org/Awards/History/1990s/1995.aspx, dead, the NY Film Critics Circle Award,WEB,www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1995, Awards – New York Film Critics Circle – NYFCC, 2011-09-15, 2011-09-27,www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1995," title="web.archive.org/web/20110927151252www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1995,">web.archive.org/web/20110927151252www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1995, dead, the LA Film Critics Award,WEB,www.lafca.net/years/1995.html, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for 1995, 2011-09-15, 2011-09-29,www.lafca.net/years/1995.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110929144159www.lafca.net/years/1995.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110929144159www.lafca.net/years/1995.html, dead, and the National Society of Film Critics Award.WEB,www.nationalsocietyoffilmcritics.com/?page_id=2, National Society of Film Critics Awards History List, 2011-09-15, 2011-10-02,www.nationalsocietyoffilmcritics.com/?page_id=2," title="web.archive.org/web/20111002225827www.nationalsocietyoffilmcritics.com/?page_id=2,">web.archive.org/web/20111002225827www.nationalsocietyoffilmcritics.com/?page_id=2, dead, Additionally, critic Gene Siskel named Crumb the best film of 1995NEWS,articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-12-24/news/9512240122_1_hoop-dreams-underground-cartoonist-robert-crumb-money-train, Best of Shows – Top 10 Movie List of 1995, Siskel, Gene, 1995-12-24, Chicago Tribune, 2011-09-15, 2012-08-12,articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-12-24/news/9512240122_1_hoop-dreams-underground-cartoonist-robert-crumb-money-train," title="web.archive.org/web/20120812114215articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-12-24/news/9512240122_1_hoop-dreams-underground-cartoonist-robert-crumb-money-train,">web.archive.org/web/20120812114215articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-12-24/news/9512240122_1_hoop-dreams-underground-cartoonist-robert-crumb-money-train, dead, as did over ten other major film critics.WEB,www.ebertfest.com/eight/bios.html, Roger Ebert’s Overlooked Film Festival, Ebert, Roger, 2011-09-15, 2011-08-29,ebertfest.com/eight/bios.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110829235448ebertfest.com/eight/bios.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110829235448ebertfest.com/eight/bios.html, dead, It appeared on over 150 Ten Best Lists of important critics.WEB,www.imdb.com/name/nm0959062/bio, Biography for Terry Zwigoff, IMDb, 2011-09-17, 2011-07-11,www.imdb.com/name/nm0959062/bio," title="web.archive.org/web/20110711095840www.imdb.com/name/nm0959062/bio,">web.archive.org/web/20110711095840www.imdb.com/name/nm0959062/bio, dead, When Crumb failed to receive an Oscar nomination, there was an outcry from the media which forced the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to revamp their documentary nomination process that previously had been dominated by the distributors of documentary films.WEB,movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800090753/bio, Terry Zwigoff Biography, Yahoo! Movies, 2011-09-17, 2008-08-21,movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800090753/bio," title="web.archive.org/web/20080821082339movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800090753/bio,">web.archive.org/web/20080821082339movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800090753/bio, dead, WEB,www.avclub.com/articles/terry-zwigoff,43976/, Interview: Terry Zwigoff, Murray, Noel, 2010-08-10, The A.V. Club, 2011-09-15, 2011-10-13,www.avclub.com/articles/terry-zwigoff,43976/," title="web.archive.org/web/20111013081348www.avclub.com/articles/terry-zwigoff,43976/,">web.archive.org/web/20111013081348www.avclub.com/articles/terry-zwigoff,43976/, dead, Zwigoff’s first fiction feature film was the comedy-drama Ghost World, based on Daniel Clowes’ graphic novel of the same name. For this, Zwigoff and co-writer Clowes were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted ScreenplayWEB,www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/74th-winners.html, The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners, The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 2011-09-15, 2011-08-21,www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/74th-winners.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110821041252www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/74th-winners.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110821041252www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/74th-winners.html, dead, and won the Independent Spirit Award.WEB,www.spiritawards.com/_landing/files/spirit_awards_26_years_of_nominees_and_winners.pdf, 2011 Twenty-Six Years of Nominees & Winners, Film Independent Spirit Awards, 2011-09-15, 2011-09-29,www.spiritawards.com/_landing/files/spirit_awards_26_years_of_nominees_and_winners.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110929042819www.spiritawards.com/_landing/files/spirit_awards_26_years_of_nominees_and_winners.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110929042819www.spiritawards.com/_landing/files/spirit_awards_26_years_of_nominees_and_winners.pdf, dead, Ghost World was also nominated for two Golden Globe AwardsWEB,www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/24133, The Hollywood Foreign Press Association Award Search for Ghost World, 2011-09-17, 2011-07-05,www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/24133," title="web.archive.org/web/20110705103252www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/24133,">web.archive.org/web/20110705103252www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/24133, dead, and two AFI awards.WEB,www.afi.com/tvevents/afiawards01/mpawards.aspx, AFI Awards for Motion Pictures 2001, 2011-09-17, 2011-06-05,www.afi.com/tvevents/afiawards01/mpawards.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20110605093838www.afi.com/tvevents/afiawards01/mpawards.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20110605093838www.afi.com/tvevents/afiawards01/mpawards.aspx, dead, USA Today and The Washington Post called it the best film of the year.NEWS,www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2001-12-28-best-worst-film.htm, ‘Ghost World’ charms, ‘Freddy’ fizzles, Clark, Mike, 2001-12-28, USA Today, 2011-09-15, 2012-06-29,www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2001-12-28-best-worst-film.htm," title="archive.today/20120629161640www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2001-12-28-best-worst-film.htm,">archive.today/20120629161640www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2001-12-28-best-worst-film.htm, dead, NEWS,www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-497568.html, ‘Ghost World’ Leads a Very Different List, Hunter, Stephen, 2001-12-28, The Washington Post, 2011-09-15, 2012-11-06,www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-497568.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20121106122453www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-497568.html,">web.archive.org/web/20121106122453www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-497568.html, dead, Ghost World appeared on over 150 Ten Best Lists.Zwigoff’s next film was the 2003 black comedy Bad Santa whose star, Billy Bob Thornton, was nominated for a Golden Globe award.WEB,www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/2003, The 61st Annual Golden Globe Awards (2004), The Hollywood Foreign Press Association, 2011-09-15, 2011-07-05,www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/2003," title="web.archive.org/web/20110705081635www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/2003,">web.archive.org/web/20110705081635www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/2003, dead, The film cost $23 million to make and grossed over $76 million worldwide.WEB,boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=badsanta.htm, Bad Santa (2003), Box Office Mojo, 2011-09-17, 2011-09-09,www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=badsanta.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110909104717www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=badsanta.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110909104717www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=badsanta.htm, dead, His latest feature film was Art School Confidential, whose best-known stars are John Malkovich, Jim Broadbent, and Anjelica Huston.WEB,www.imdb.com/title/tt0364955/, Art School Confidential (2006), IMDb, 2011-09-15, 2011-09-04,www.imdb.com/title/tt0364955/," title="web.archive.org/web/20110904001446www.imdb.com/title/tt0364955/,">web.archive.org/web/20110904001446www.imdb.com/title/tt0364955/, dead, Art School Confidential was Zwigoff’s second collaboration with writer Daniel Clowes.In 2009, Zwigoff signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a then 13-year-old girl.WEB, October 2, 2009, Signataires de la pétition pour Roman Polanski / All signing parties to Roman Polanski’s petition - SACD,www.sacd.fr/Tous-les-signataires-de-la-petition-pour-Roman-Polanski-All-signing-parties.1341.0.html, June 4, 2022,www.sacd.fr/Tous-les-signataires-de-la-petition-pour-Roman-Polanski-All-signing-parties.1341.0.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20091002193805www.sacd.fr/Tous-les-signataires-de-la-petition-pour-Roman-Polanski-All-signing-parties.1341.0.html,">web.archive.org/web/20091002193805www.sacd.fr/Tous-les-signataires-de-la-petition-pour-Roman-Polanski-All-signing-parties.1341.0.html, October 2, 2009,

Unrealized projects

Filmography{| class“wikitable”

!scope=“col“|Year!scope=“col“|Title!scope=“col“|Director!scope=“col“|Producer!scope=“col“|Writer!scope=“col“|Notes| 1985| Louie Bluie| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}} Documentary| 1995Crumb (film)>Crumb| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| 2001Ghost World (film)>Ghost World| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}|Nominated- Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay| 2003| Bad Santa| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}|| 2006Art School Confidential (film)>Art School Confidential| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}|| 2017Budding Prospects#TV adaptation>Budding Prospects| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}Amazon Video>Amazon pilot

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

• {{IMDb name|id=0959062|name=Terry Zwigoff}}
• Interview in Now Playing
• “Terry Zwigoff’s Santa: He’s Making a List And Checking His Escape Routes Twice”, from The New York Times

{{Terry Zwigoff}}{{Navboxes|title = Awards for Terry Zwigoff|list ={{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardDocumentaries}}{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Director}}{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Adapted Screenplay}}}}{{Authority control}}