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{{Short description|Baryon made of specific quark combinations}}









! class=unsortable | Particle name! Symbol! class=unsortable | Quark content! Rest mass (MeV/{{mvar|c}}2)! width="50"| {{mvar|I}}! width="50"| {{mvar|J}}{{mvar|P}}! width="50"| {{mvar|Q}} (e)! width="50"| {{mvar|S}}! width="50"| {{mvar|C}}! width="50"| {{mvar|B′}}! width="50"| {{mvar|T}}! Mean lifetime (s)! class=unsortable | Decay modes (branching ratio)

JP}} = {{sfrac|1|2}}+ sigma baryons

factoids
name	Sigma baryon| num_types = 3 : {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark{edih}{{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Strange quark}} {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}: {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Strange quark}} {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}: {{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Strange quark}}}}| statistics = Fermionic| group = Baryons	Strong interaction>Strong, Weak interaction	, Electromagnetic interaction>electromagnetic, and gravity| antiparticle = | status = | theorized = | discovered = | symbol =	{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+{edih}: {{val|1189.37|0.07|ul=MeV/c2}}JOURNAL, Review of Particle Physics, Zyla, P. A., Barnett, R. M., 1, Particle Data Group, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 2020, 083C01, 2020, 8, 10.1093/ptep/ptaa104, 2020PTEP.2020h3C01P, free, 10261/239127, free, }} {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}: {{val|1192.642|0.024|u=MeV/c2}}}} {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}: {{val|1197.449|0.030|u=MeV/c2}}}}}}| mean_lifetime = | width = | decay_particle = | electric_charge = | charge_radius = | electric_dipole_moment = | electric_polarizability = | magnetic_moment = | magnetic_polarizability = | color_charge =	1|2}}| num_spin_states = | baryon_number = | strangeness = -1| charm = | bottomness = | topness = | isospin = 1| weak_isospin = | weak_isospin_3 = | hypercharge = | weak_hypercharge = | chirality = | B-L =| X_charge =| parity = | g_parity = | c_parity = | r_parity = | condensed_symmetries =}}The sigma baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have two quarks from the first flavour generation (up and / or down quarks), and a third quark from a higher flavour generation, in a combination where the wavefunction sign remains constant when any two quark flavours are swapped. They are thus baryons, with total isospin of 1, and can either be neutral or have an elementary charge of +2, +1, 0, or −1. They are closely related to the Lambda baryons, which differ only in the wavefunction's behaviour upon flavour exchange.The third quark can hence be either a strange (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}), a charm (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma++}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma0}}), a bottom (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma0}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma-}}) or a top (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Top Sigma++}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Top Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Top Sigma0}}) quark. However, the top sigmas are expected to never be observed, since the Standard Model predicts the mean lifetime of top quarks to be roughly {{val|5|e=-25|u=s}}.JOURNAL , A., Quadt , 2006 , Top quark physics at hadron colliders , European Physical Journal C , 48, 3, 835–1000 , 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02631-6, 2006EPJC...48..835Q , 121887478 ,weblink , This is about 20 times shorter than the timescale for strong interactions, and therefore it does not form hadrons. List The symbols encountered in these lists are: {{mvar|I}} (isospin), {{mvar|J}} (total angular momentum), {{mvar|P}} (parity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), t (top quark), b (bottom quark), {{mvar|Q}} (electric charge), {{mvar|S}} (strangeness), {{mvar|C}} (charmness), {{mvar|B′}} (bottomness), {{mvar|T}} (topness), as well as other subatomic particles (hover for name).Antiparticles are not listed in the table; however, they simply would have all quarks changed to antiquarks (and vice versa), and {{mvar|Q}}, {{mvar|B}}, {{mvar|S}}, {{mvar|C}}, {{mvar|B′}}, {{mvar|T}}, would be of opposite signs. {{mvar|I}}, {{mvar|J}}, and {{mvar|P}} values in red have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the quark model and are consistent with the measurements.REPORT , C., Amsler , Particle Data Group , etal , 2008 , Baryons , Particle summary tables , University of California , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory ,weblink , JOURNAL , J.G., Körner , M., Krämer , D., Pirjol , amp , 1994 , Heavy Baryons , Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics , 33, 787–868 , 10.1016/0146-6410(94)90053-1, hep-ph/9406359, 1994PrPNP..33..787K, 118931787 , {{mvar|JP}} {{sfrac|1|2}}+ sigma baryons {| class"wikitable sortable" style"text-align: center;"
SigmaJOURNAL , Zyla, P.A., Barnett, R.M. , Beringer, J., Dahl, O. , Dwyer, D.A., Groom, D.E. , Lin, C.-J., Lugovsky, K.S. , Pianori, E., Robinson, D.J. , Particle Data Group , 6 , 2020-08-14 , Review of Particle Physics , Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics , 2020, 8 , 083C01, 10.1093/ptep/ptaa104, 2020PTEP.2020h3C01P, en ,weblink	hdl=10481/66389, free,	Sigma+}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Strange quark}}| 1,189.37 Â± 0.07| 1	1|2}}+| +1| −1| 0| 0| 0	8.018 ± 0.026 × 10−11}}	{{SubatomicParticle	Proton+}} + {{SubatomicParticle	Pion0}}}} ((51.57±0.30)%){{nowrap	link=yes	link=yes|Pion+}}}}((48.31±0.30)%)
Sigma	Sigma0}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Strange quark}}| 1,192.642 Â± 0.024| 1	{{sfrac	2}}+}}| 0| −1| 0| 0| 0	7.4 ± 0.7 × 10−20}}	{{SubatomicParticle	Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle	Photon}}}} (100%)
Sigma	Sigma-}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Strange quark}}| 1,197.449 Â± 0.030| 1	1|2}}+| −1| −1| 0| 0| 0	1.479 ± 0.011 × 10−10}}	{{SubatomicParticle	Neutron0}} + {{SubatomicParticle	Pion-}}}} ((99.848±0.005)%)
Charmed sigma	Charmed sigma++}}(2455)	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Charm quark}}| 2,453.97 Â± 0.14| 1	1={{sfrac	2}} +}}| +2| 0| +1| 0| 0	3.5 ± 0.4 × 10−22}}{{ref	[a]}}	{{SubatomicParticle	link=yes|Pion+}}}}(≈100%)
Charmed sigma	Charmed sigma+}}(2455)	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Charm quark}}| 2,452.9 Â± 0.4| 1	1|2}} +| +1| 0| +1| 0| 0	>1.4 × 10−22}}{{ref	[a]}}	{{SubatomicParticle	link=yes|Pion0}}}} (≈100%)
Charmed sigma	Charmed sigma0}}(2455)	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Charm quark}}| 2,453.75 Â± 0.14| 1	1|2}} +| 0| 0| +1| 0| 0	3.6± 0.4 × 10−22}}{{ref	[a]}}	{{SubatomicParticle	link=yes|Pion-}}}} (≈100%)
Bottom sigma	Bottom Sigma+}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Bottom quark}}| 5,810.56 ± 0.23| 1	1|2}} +| +1| 0| 0| −1| 0	1.31± 0.13 × 10−22}}{{ref	[a]}}	{{SubatomicParticle	Bottom Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle	Pion+}} (dominant)}}
Bottom sigma{{ref	†}}	Bottom Sigma0}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Bottom quark}}| Unknown| 1	1|2}} +| 0| 0| 0| −1| 0| Unknown| Unknown
Bottom sigma	Bottom Sigma-}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Bottom quark}}| 5,815.2 Â± 0.27| 1	1|2}} +| −1| 0| 0| −1| 0	1.24± 0.13 × 10−22}}{{ref	[a]}}	{{SubatomicParticle	link=yes|Pion-}} (dominant)}}
Top sigma{{ref	†}}	Top sigma++}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Top quark}}| —| 1	1|2}} +| +2| 0| 0| 0| +1| —| —
Top Sigma{{ref	†}}	Top sigma+}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Top quark}}| —| 1	1|2}} +| +1| 0| 0| 0| +1| —| —
Top Sigma{{ref	†}}	Top sigma0}}	link=yes	link=yes	link=yes|Top quark}}| —| 1	1|2}} +| 0| 0| 0| 0| +1| —| —

† {{note|Undiscovered}} The standard model predicts that this particle cannot exist. [a] {{note|Lifetime}} PDG reports the resonance width ({{mvar|Γ}}). Here the conversion {{mvar|Ï„ {{=}} {{sfrac|ħ|Γ}} }} is given instead. [b] {{note|nameofsigma}} The specific values of the name has not been decided yet, but will likely be close to {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma}}(5810).

{{mvar|JP}} {{sfrac|3|2}}+ sigma baryons

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"JP}} = {{sfrac|3|2}}+ sigma baryons! class=unsortable | Particle name! Symbol! class=unsortable | Quark content! Rest mass (MeV/{{mvar|c}}2)! width="50" | {{mvar|I}}! width="50" | J{{mvar|P}}! width="50" | {{mvar|Q}} (e)! width="50" | {{mvar|S}}! width="50" | {{mvar|C}}! width="50" | {{mvar|B′}}! width="50" | {{mvar|T}}! Mean lifetime (s)! class=unsortable | Commonly decays to SigmaREPORT }}Sigma*+}}(1385)link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Strange quark}}| 1,382.8 Â± 0.4| 1{{sfrac2}}+}}| +1| −1| 0| 0| 01.84 ± 0.04 × 10−23}}{{ref[c]}}{{SubatomicParticleLambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion+}} or}} {{nowrapSigma+}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion0}} or}} {{nowrapSigma0}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion+}}}} SigmaSigma*0}}(1385)link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Strange quark}}| 1,383.7 Â± 1.0| 13|2}}+| 0| −1| 0| 0| 01.8 ± 0.3 × 10−23}}{{ref[c]}}{{SubatomicParticleLambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion0}} or}} {{nowrapSigma+}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion-}} or}} {{nowrapSigma-}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion+}}}} SigmaSigma*-}}(1385)link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Strange quark}}| 1,387.2 Â± 0.5| 13|2}}+| −1| −1| 0| 0| 01.67 ± 0.09 × 10−23}}{{ref[c]}}{{SubatomicParticleLambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion-}} or}} {{nowrapSigma0}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion-}} or}} {{nowrapSigma-}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion0}} or}} Charmed sigmaC. >LAST1=AMSLER DISPLAY-AUTHORS=ETAL SERIES=PARTICLE LISTINGS CHARMED SIGMA, (2520) publisher=University of California |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/b115.pdf}}Charmed sigma*++}}(2520)link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Charm quark}}| 2,518.4 Â± 0.6| 11={{sfrac2}} +}}| +2| 0| +1| 0| 04.4 ± 0.6 × 10−23}}{{ref[c]}}{{SubatomicParticleCharmed Lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion+}}}} Charmed sigmaCharmed sigma*+}}(2520)link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Charm quark}}| 2,517.5 Â± 2.3| 13|2}} +| +1| 0| +1| 0| 0>3.9 × 10−23}}{{ref[c]}}{{SubatomicParticleCharmed Lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion0}}}} Charmed sigmaCharmed sigma*0}}(2520)link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Charm quark}}| 2,518.0 Â± 0.5| 13|2}} +| 0| 0| +1| 0| 04.1 ± 0.5 × 10−23}}{{ref[c]}}{{SubatomicParticleCharmed Lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticlePion-}}}} Bottom sigma{{ref†}}Bottom Sigma*+}}link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Bottom quark}}| Unknown| 13|2}} +| +1| 0| 0| −1| 0| Unknown| Unknown Bottom sigma{{ref†}}Bottom Sigma*0}}link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Bottom quark}}| Unknown| 13|2}} +| 0| 0| 0| −1| 0| Unknown| Unknown Bottom sigma{{ref†}}Bottom Sigma*-}}link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Bottom quark}}| Unknown| 13|2}} +| −1| 0| 0| −1| 0| Unknown| Unknown Top sigma{{ref†}}Top sigma*++}}link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Top quark}}| —| 13|2}} +| +2| 0| 0| 0| +1| —| — Top sigma{{ref†}}Top sigma*+}}link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Top quark}}| —| 13|2}} +| +1| 0| 0| 0| +1| —| — Top sigma{{ref†}}Top sigma*0}}link=yeslink=yeslink=yes|Top quark}}| —| 13|2}} +| 0| 0| 0| 0| +1| —| —† {{note|Undiscovered2}} The standard model predicts that this particle cannot exist. [c] {{note|Lifetime2}} PDG reports the resonance width ({{mvar|Γ}}). Here the conversion {{mvar|Ï„ {{=}} {{sfrac|ħ|Γ}} }} is given instead.

See also

• Delta baryon
• Hyperon
• Lambda baryon
• List of mesons
• List of particles
• Nucleon
• Omega baryon
• Physics portal
• Timeline of particle discoveries
• Xi baryon

References

{{Reflist|2}}

Bibliography

• JOURNAL

• JOURNAL

• JOURNAL

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