GetWiki

{{Short description|none}} {{Same-sex unions}}Same-sex marriage is legal in Puebla in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation.NEWS, SCJN aprueba matrimonio igualitario en Puebla,weblink 1 August 2017, Publimetro, 1 August 2017, Puebla City, Mexico, Spanish, SCJN approves equal marriage in Puebla, 12 August 2018,weblink live, NEWS, SCJN avala los matrimonios homosexuales en Puebla,weblink 1 August 2017, Noticias MVS, 1 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170801230542weblink">weblink 1 August 2017, Mexico, Spanish, SCJN guarantees homosexual marriages in Puebla, On 1 August 2017, the Supreme Court ruled that the same-sex marriage ban containted in the state's Civil Code violated Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico, legalizing same-sex marriage in the state of Puebla.NEWS, SCJN avala el matrimonio igualitario en Puebla,weblink 1 August 2017, SDPnoticias, 1 August 2017,weblink 1 August 2017, Mexico, Spanish, SCJN backs egalitarian marriage in Puebla, NEWS, Corte abre puerta a martimonios gay en Puebla,weblink 1 August 2017, El Universal (Mexico City), El Universal, 1 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170801234057weblink">weblink 1 August 2017, Mexico City, Mexico, Spanish, Court opens the door to gay marriage in Puebla, The ruling was officially published in the Official Journal of the Federation on 16 February 2018.{{in lang|es}} SENTENCIA dictada por el Tribunal Pleno de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación en la Acción de Inconstitucionalidad 29/2016, así como los Votos Concurrentes formulados por los Ministros Jorge Mario Pardo Rebolledo, Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea y Alfredo Gutiérrez Ortiz Mena. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609124039weblink |date=9 June 2019 }}The Congress of Puebla passed a same-sex marriage bill on 3 November 2020, amending various articles of the Civil Code to reflect the Supreme Court ruling.WEB,weblink "Sí, acepto": el Congreso local de Puebla aprobó el matrimonio igualitario en el estado, infobae, 3 November 2020, Spanish, 6 November 2020, 9 November 2020,weblink live,

Legal history

Background

{{see also|Same-sex marriage in Mexico#México Igualitario Project}}An important recognition case was granted via amparo on 29 January 2014. A same-sex couple, married in 2012 in Mexico City, filed an amparo against the IMSS (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) after it refused to register one of the partners for spousal benefits. In a landmark ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that the IMSS was required to recognize the marriage.WEB,weblink Gay Couples In Mexico To Access Social Security, Health Benefits, 1 August 2017, 10 November 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141110175651weblink">weblink live, On 15 October 2014, a collective amparo for 13 couples was filed with the support of Equal Marriage Mexico, the Citizens Observatory of Sexual and Reproductive Rights and El Taller A.C.. It sought to have the state's same-sex marriage ban declared unconstitutional and allow the couples to marry.WEB,weblink Van por el matrimonio igualitario en Puebla, Josué Cantorán, ladobe.com.mx, 3 October 2014, 1 August 2017, 2 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170802045535weblink">weblink live, WEB,weblink Homosexuales en Puebla iniciarán proceso jurídico para casarse, Staff Puebla On Line, pueblaonline.com.mx, 1 August 2017, 5 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160305225045weblink">weblink live, Interponen amparo para que se reconozcan matrimonios gay en Puebla {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031061012weblink |date=31 October 2014 }} In March 2015, reports surfaced that a judge had ruled against the couples citing the requirement that they "prove their homosexuality". Activists slammed this as a delay tactic and appealed to the Mexican Supreme Court.WEB,weblink Juez de Puebla viola el Protocolo contra homofobia de la SCJN, El Big Data, 1 August 2017, 2 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170802043603weblink">weblink live, On 5 May 2016, the Supreme Court ruled that the state's same-sex marriage ban was unconstitutional and discriminatory, and allowed the couples to marry.WEB,weblink AMPARO EN REVISIÓN 48/2016, 1 August 2017, 9 October 2016,weblink live, On 1 June 2016, the First Chamber of the Mexican Supreme Court made a similar ruling in a case involving 15 couples.WEB,weblink SCJN reitera la constitucionalidad del matrimonio gay, Noticias - Gaceta Mexicana, 1 June 2016, 1 August 2017, 22 April 2019,weblink live, In November 2014, a federal court granted Guadalupe del Carmen Gómez Tetetla and Fabiola Lucero Méndeza an amparo. The couple had filed the amparo earlier that year after their request for a marriage license was rejected. The state appealed the decision, and an appellate court upheld the ruling in favor of the couple on 10 July 2015. Their wedding, which was the first same-sex marriage in the state of Puebla, took place on 1 August 2015.NEWS, Hernández Alcántara, Martín, Mañana se celebrará el primer matrimonio gay en la historia de Puebla,weblink 31 July 2015, La Jornada de Oriente, 31 July 2015, Puebla, Mexico, Spanish, 2 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170802042751weblink">weblink live, NEWS, Fernández, Tuss, Se celebra en Puebla la primera boda de personas del mismo sexo,weblink 3 August 2015, La Dobe, 2 August 2015, Puebla, Mexico, Spanish, 2 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170802084540weblink">weblink live, The Mexican Supreme Court ruled on 12 June 2015 that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to wed would still have to seek individual amparos in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory.In September 2016, officials in the municipality of San Pedro Cholula announced that any same-sex couple who wishes to marry in the municipality may do so without hindrance, citing nationwide jurisprudence established by the Supreme Court.{{in lang|es}} San Pedro abre las puertas al matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123922weblink |date=9 February 2019 }}

Attempts to pass civil union legislation

On 7 December 2006, a civil union bill, similar to that of Mexico City, was proposed in Puebla, but it faced strong opposition and criticism from deputies of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the National Action Party (PAN), which declared that "the traditional family is the only social model, and there cannot be another one."WEB, Alejrandro Velázquez, Crónica, Más estados van por Ley de Convivencia, 27 January 2007,weblink 15 December 2009, es, 22 July 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110722223337weblink">weblink live, The civil union bill was proposed again on 15 March 2011.WEB,weblink Iniciativa que expide la Ley de Sociedad de Convivencia para el Estado de Puebla, congresopuebla.gob.mx, 1 August 2017, 2 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170802042345weblink">weblink live, After five reviews in the ensuing years,WEB,weblink Puebla - Ley de Sociedad de Convivencia - Poblanerías en línea, poblanerias.com, 7 April 2014, 1 August 2017, 27 April 2019,weblink live, on 8 June 2014 the bill was postponed until a later legislative session.WEB,weblink Puebla no aprobará aborto, Leyes de Sociedades de Convivencia y Agnes, intoleranciadiario.com, 9 June 2014, 1 August 2017, 21 November 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20181121022236weblink">weblink live, On 29 September 2014, Congress announced that there would be no discussion in that legislative term.Congreso de Puebla no abordará despenalización del aborto y sociedades de convivencia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006150859weblink |date=6 October 2014 }} Activists organized a march on 8 November 2014 urging the Congress of Puebla to legalize same-sex marriage.Marchan en Puebla para exigir legislación que proteja los derechos de la población LGBTT {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122183734weblink |date=22 November 2014 }}Congress rejected a civil union bill in December 2014.WEB,weblink Bloquea el Congreso durante cuatro legislaturas la despenalización del aborto, La Jornada de Oriente, 19 December 2014, 1 August 2017, 2 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170802041505weblink">weblink live, The Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), which had supported the measure, announced its intention to re-introduce a similar bill in 2015.WEB,weblink PRD propondrá legalizar aborto y sociedades de convivencia en Puebla, Marisol Córdoba, pueblaonline.com.mx, 1 August 2017, 28 October 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20181028151838weblink">weblink live, On 11 June 2015, a PRD deputy submitted a marriage bill instead, citing national court decisions in favor of same-sex marriage.WEB,weblink PRD presenta ante el Congreso de Puebla inciativa para permitir el matromonio gay, periodicocentral.mx, 1 August 2017, 5 July 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150705231033weblink">weblink live, NEWS, Hasta octubre el Congreso analizará matrimonio gay,weblink 19 June 2015, Diario Cambio, 19 June 2015, Puebla, Mexico, Spanish, 28 October 2018,weblink live, In June 2016, state officials announced they would postpone any vote on the legislation until the Mexican Supreme Court ruled on the action of unconstitutionality filed in April 2016, which it did in August 2017.WEB,weblink Olivera, Alejandra, Congreso de Puebla aprobará matrimonio gay hasta que SCJN lo "obligue", Ángulo 7, 26 June 2016, 1 August 2017, 28 June 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160628233821weblink">weblink live,

Action of unconstitutionality (2016–2017)

(File:Suprema4.jpg|thumb|right|The Mexican Supreme Court (building pictured) invalidated Puebla's same-sex marriage ban in 2017, allowing for such marriages to be performed in the state.)On 27 April 2016, the National Human Rights Commission filed an action of unconstitutionality (acción de inconstitucionalidad; docketed 29/2016) against the state of Puebla, contesting the constitutionality of articles 294, 297 and 300 of the Civil Code. The Congress of Puebla had recently amended state family law but while doing so did not repeal the state's ban on same-sex marriage. The Commission took this opportunity to file the action of unconstitutionality.{{in lang|es}} Índice de Acciones de Inconstitucionalidad {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802041541weblink |date=2 August 2017 }}WEB,weblink CNDH impugna reforma en Puebla que excluye el matrimonio igualitario, Periódico Central, 17 May 2016, es, 1 August 2017, 4 June 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160604092109weblink">weblink live, Article 294 defined marriage as the union of "a man and a woman" and whose goal was "perpetuating the species", and article 297 similarly defined concubinage as between "a man and a woman". Article 300 required the "man and woman" to be at least 16 years of age. This lawsuit sought to fully legalize same-sex marriage in Puebla, similarly to what had happened in the states of Chiapas (in case 32/2016) and Jalisco (in case 28/2015).On 1 August 2017, the Mexican Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the three articles violated Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. Article 1 of the Constitution states that "any form of discrimination, based on ethnic or national origin, gender, age, disabilities, social status, medical conditions, religion, opinions, sexual orientation, marital status, or any other form, which violates the human dignity or seeks to annul or diminish the rights and freedoms of the people, is prohibited.", and Article 4 relates to matrimonial equality, stating that "man and woman are equal under the law. The law shall protect the organization and development of the family."{{efn|In Spanish: In Nahuatl: WEB,weblink Tlanejneuilyotl Tlen Sentikmaseualmej, Se Tekpanali: Sesenkatsitsij Tepanitali, Nauitipaj tlaijtoli, 10 September 2022, INALI, In Otomi: WEB,weblink Ndäthot'i, hñäsümpo̱te xe̲ni hnini ga̱tho m'onda̱, INALI, 2022-02-12, 2022-02-14,weblink live, In Totonac: In Popoloca: }} In late January 2018, despite opposition from Congress, the civil registry announced it would abide by the ruling and start processing marriage applications from same-sex couples.{{in lang|es}} Registro Civil acataría dictamen de la SCJN sobre el matrimonio igualitario: Carrasco {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228023301weblink |date=28 February 2018 }}{{in lang|es}} Matrimonio homosexual: Bloquea el Congreso exhorto a favor {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423192342weblink |date=23 April 2018 }} The ruling came into effect once Congress was officially notified and upon publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation (Diario Oficial de la Federación) on 16 February 2018. In addition, state officials have confirmed that same-sex couples are allowed to adopt.{{in lang|es}} Parejas del mismo sexo podrán adoptar, asegura PRD {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219152940weblink |date=19 December 2017 }}

Response and passage of legislation in Congress

In October 2018, Deputy María García Olmedo from the Institutional Revolutionary Party introduced a bill to Congress to codify same-sex marriage in the state's Civil Code.{{in lang|es}} PRI presenta iniciativa para legalizar en Puebla los matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122313weblink |date=18 October 2018 }}On 4 October 2019, a Congress committee voted against decriminalizing abortion and updating state law to reflect the Supreme Court's ruling on same-sex marriage. Legislators reaffirmed state law which at the time read, "El matrimonio es un contrato civil, por el cual un sólo hombre y una sola mujer, se unen en sociedad para perpetuar la especie y ayudarse en la lucha por la existencia." ("Marriage is a civil contract, in which one man and one woman are united by society to perpetuate the species and help each other in the struggle for existence."). This did not affect the status of same-sex marriage in Puebla, which remained legal and recognized.{{citation|website=Proceso|title=Legisladores poblanos cierran paso a la despenalización del aborto y al matrimonio igualitario|date=October 5, 2019|author=Gabriela Hernandez|language=es|trans-title=Puebla legislators close path to decriminalization of abortion and legalization of equal marriage|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/602140/legisladores-poblanos-cierran-paso-a-la-despenalizacion-del-aborto-y-al-matrimonio-igualitario|access-date=13 October 2019|archive-date=5 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005211508weblink|url-status=live}} Shortly following the vote, Deputy García Olmedo filed a legal challenge with the Supreme Court, arguing that Congress' refusal to amend state law to recognize same-sex marriages in accordance with the Supreme Court ruling was unconstitutional.WEB,weblink Se consuma traición de Morena; García Olmedo pide acción de incsontitucionalidad, Labode.com.mx, 9 October 2019, es, 13 October 2019, 13 October 2019,weblink live, García Olmedo also accused deputies of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), who mostly voted for the measure, of "betrayal", as the party was elected on a platform supporting LGBT rights and same-sex marriage.On 30 October 2020, a Congress committee voted 4–2 with 1 abstention in favor of a same-sex marriage bill introduced by Deputy Vianey García Romero.WEB,weblink Comisión de Congreso aprueba matrimonios igualitarios en Puebla, Intolerancia Diario, Spanish, 30 October 2020, 6 November 2020, 4 November 2020,weblink live, On 3 November 2020, Congress approved the legislation 31–5.WEB,weblink 4 November 2020, Conservative Mexican state of Puebla legalizes same-sex marriage, Reuters, 5 November 2020, 18 June 2022,weblink live, WEB,weblink Pleno del Congreso del Estado aprueba reformas al Código Civil que garantizan el derecho al matrimonio igualitario en Puebla, Congreso de Puebla, 3 November 2020, Spanish, 6 November 2020, 14 November 2020,weblink live, WEB,weblink Congreso de Puebla aprueba el matrimonio igualitario, El Financiero, 3 November 2020, Spanish, 6 November 2020, 4 November 2020,weblink live, The law was published in the official state journal on 10 November, following Governor Miguel Barbosa Huerta's signature, and took effect the following day.WEB,weblink Reconocen matrimonio igualitario en Periódico Oficial de Puebla, Milenio, 11 November 2020, Spanish, 13 November 2020, 12 November 2020,weblink live, Article 294 of the Civil Code now reads:

• in Spanish: (Marriage is a civil contract in which two people are united voluntarily by society, to build a community of life, with respect, mutual aid and equal rights and obligations.)

{| class="wikitable"! Political party! style="width:55pt;"|Members! style="width:55pt;"|Yes! style="width:55pt;"|No! style="width:55pt;"|Abstain! style="width:55pt;"|Absent

(File:Morena Party (Mexico).png	link=|alt=) National Regeneration Movement	14	13			1

(File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg	link=|alt=) Institutional Revolutionary Party	5	5

(File:Worker's Party logo (Mexico).svg	link=	Labor Party (Mexico)>Labor Party	5	4			1

(File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg	link=	National Action Party (Mexico)>National Action Party	4		4

(File:Partido Encuentro Social (México).svg	link=|alt=) Social Encounter Party	3	3

(File:PRD logo without border (Mexico).svg	link=|alt=) Party of the Democratic Revolution	2	2

(File:Movimiento Ciudadano.svg	link=	Citizens' Movement (Mexico)>Citizens' Movement	2			2

(File:PVE Party (Mexico).svg	link=|alt=) Ecologist Green Party of Mexico	1	1

(File:PNA Party (Mexico).svg	link=	New Alliance Party (Mexico)>New Alliance Party	1	1

(File:Compromiso por Puebla.png	link=|alt=) Compromiso por Puebla	1			1

(File:BLANK ICON.png	link=	Independent (politician)>Independent	3	2	1

style="text-align:center;"

Total	41	31	5	3	2

Marriage statistics

The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in Puebla since 2019 as reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography.WEB,weblink Matrimonios, Entidad y municipio de registro, Sexo, Sexo, INEGI, Spanish, 13 November 2020, 17 October 2020,weblink live, Figures for 2020 are lower than previous years because of the restrictions in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic.{| class="wikitable"|+ Number of marriages performed in Puebla! rowspan=2| Year ! colspan=3| Same-sex! rowspan=2| Opposite-sex! rowspan=2| Total! rowspan=2| % same-sex! Female ! Male ! Total

					|0.53%

					|0.36%

					|0.75%

121 same-sex marriages were performed in Puebla in 2021; 66 between two women and 55 between two men. Most took place in Puebla de Zaragoza at 81, followed by San Pedro Cholula at 23, San Martín Texmelucan at 3, and 14 in other cities across the state.WEB,weblink A un año de que se aprobara el MatrimonioIgualitario en #uebla, se han dado a conocer que son 121 matrimonios los que se han realizado en el estado, Destacando la Capital, SanPedroCholula y Texmelucan., Twitter, 3 October 2022, es, 30 September 2022,

Public opinion

A 2017 opinion poll conducted by Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica found that 48.5% of Puebla residents supported same-sex marriage, while 48% were opposed.{{in lang|es}} Encuesta nacional 2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919010615weblink |date=19 September 2017 }}, Gabinete de Comunicación EstratégicaAccording to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 37% of the Puebla public opposed same-sex marriage.{{in lang|es}} #Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay? {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416181618weblink |date=16 April 2019 }}

See also

• Same-sex marriage in Mexico
• LGBT rights in Mexico

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}

External links

• Text of the Puebla same-sex marriage law in Spanish

{{LGBT in Mexico}}{{Status of same-sex unions}}{{use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}