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{{Short description|German zoologist (1822–1898)}}{{about|the zoologist|his son, the chemist|Rudolf Leuckart (chemist)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}

factoids

|death_place = Leipzig|residence = |citizenship = Germany|nationality = |ethnicity = |field = zoology parasitology|work_institutions = University of GiessenUniversity of Leipzig|alma_mater = University of Göttingen|doctoral_advisor = Rudolf WagnerOtto Bütschli Hugo Münsterberg Edward Laurens Mark William Patten (zoologist)>William Patten|known_for = Taenia saginataTaenia solium|author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature =}}Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart (7 October 1822 – 22 February 1898) was a German zoologist born in Helmstedt. He was a nephew to naturalist Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart (1794–1843).

Academic career

He earned his degree from the University of Göttingen, where he was a student of Rudolf Wagner (1805–1864). Afterwards he participated on a scientific expedition to the North Sea for the study marine invertebrates. Later he became a professor of zoology at the University of Giessen (1850) and the University of Leipzig (1869).ADB: Leuckart, Rudolf @ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.In 1877 he became honorary foreign member of the Linnean Society of London. WIKISOURCE, Proceedings of Scientific Societies: Linnean Society of London : May 3, 1877, The Zoologist editor-first = James Edmund, James Edmund Harting, 3, 1, 6, June 1877, 265, The Zoologist/3rd series, vol 1 (1877)/Issue 6/Proceedings of Scientific Societies#265,

Parasitological research

Leuckart is remembered for his work in parasitology, particularly research regarding tapeworm and trichinosis. He was the first to prove that Taenia saginata occurs only in cattle (and humans), and Taenia solium occurs only in swine (and humans). His study of Trichina helped support Rudolf Virchow's campaign to create meat inspection laws in Germany.JOURNAL, Lukács, Dtitle= Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart, founder of parasitologyvolume=119pages=341–3, 343042, With Virchow and Friedrich Albert von Zenker (1825–1898), he was the first to document the life cycle of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in swine and humans.He, and independently Algernon Thomas, experimentally discovered the life-cycle of the sheep liver fluke in 1881–1883.BOOK, Cheng, Thomas C., General Parasitology, 1973, Academic Press, 978-0-12-170750-7, 125–128, Today the "Rudolf-Leuckart-Medaille" is an annual award given for research in parasitology by the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Parasitologie (German Society of Parasitology).

Other contributions

Leuckart is credited with splitting George Cuvier's Radiata into two phyla: Coelenterata and Echinodermata. As a scientist, his provided excellent descriptions of morphologic details giving credence to the idea that zoological evolution can be learned through its anatomical changes. Between 1877 and 1892, he developed a series of zoological wall charts that have been used worldwide as teaching aids.In the field of entomology, he conducted investigations into the micropyle and fertilization of insect eggs, the reproduction and development involving members of Pupipara, parthenogenesis among insects, and studies on the anatomy and life history of the honeybee.BOOK, Psyche,weblink 1899, 8, Cambridge Entomological Club, 214–, A quote attributed to Rudolf Leuckart:{{Blockquote|It is not possible for man, as a thinking being, to close his mind to the knowledge that he is ruled by the same power as is the animal world. Like the despised worm he lives in dependence upon external commands, and like the worm he perishes, even when he has shaken the world through the power of his ideas|Rudolf Leuckart}}A species of Australian lizard, Anomalopus leuckarti, is named in his honor.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Leuckart", p. 156).

Family

Leuckart's son, Carl Louis Rudolf Leuckart (1854–1889), was a chemist and professor.{{Botanist|Leuck.|Leuckart, Rudolf}}

Written works

• Beiträge zur Kenntnis wirbelloser Tiere, (Contributions to the knowledge of invertebrate animals) with Heinrich Frey; Braunschweig, 1847.
• Ãœber die Morphologie und Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der wirbellosen Tiere, (On the morphology and relationships of invertebrate animals) Braunschweig, 1848
• Zur Morphologie und Anatomie der Geschlechtsorgane, (Morphology and anatomy of reproductive organs) Braunschweig, 1848.
• Beiträge zur Lehre der Befruchtung, (Contributions to the theory of fertilization) Göttinger Nachrichten, 1849.
• Ãœber den Polymorphismus der Individuen oder die Erscheinungen der Arbeitsteilung in der Natur, (On polymorphism of individuals or the phenomena of division of labor in nature), Gießen, 1851.
• Zoologische Untersuchungen, (Zoological research) Gießen, 1853–54, 3 Hefte.
• Vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie, (Comparative Anatomy and Physiology) Leuckart & Bergmann, Stuttgart, 1852.
• Die Fortpflanzung und Entwicklung der Pupiparen, (The reproduction and development of Pupipara) Halle, 1857.
• Zur Kenntnis des Generationswechsels und der Parthenogenesis bei den Insekten, (Change in generations and parthenogenesis in insects) Frankfurt, 1858.
• Untersuchungen über Trichina spiralis, (Studies on Trichina spiralis) Leipzig, 1860, second edition- 1866.
• Die Blasenwürmer und ihre Entwicklung, (Bladder-worms and their development) Gießen, 1856.
• Die Parasiten des Menschen und die von ihnen herrührenden Krankheiten, (Parasites of man and the diseases arising from them), Leipzig, 1863–76, 2 volumes; second edition- 1879 ff.
• Die Entwicklunggeschichte des Leberegels (Distonum hepaticum, dt.), (Developmental history of the liver fluke (Distonum hepatic dt.) in: Zoologischer Anzeiger 4, 1881.
• Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Baes und der Lebensgeschichte der Nematoden, (New contributions to the knowledge of Baes and the life history of nematodes, 1887.

References

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External links

{{Commons category|Rudolf Leuckart}}

• Leuckart Wall Charts
• The Animal Parasites of Man by Harold Benjamin Fantham and Maximilian Gustav Braun
• List of published works copied from the German Wikipedia.
• Rudolf Leuckart (1848) Ueber die Morphologie und die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der wirbellosen Thiere – digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library

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