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{{Short description|Jamaican centre-left political party}}{{other uses|Peoples National Party (disambiguation)}}{{Use Jamaican English|date=February 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

factoids

| leader = Mark Golding| chairperson = Angela Brown-Burke| president = Mark Golding| secretary = Dayton R. Campbell| founded = 1938| abbreviation = PNP| founders = Norman Manley| youth_wing = People’s National Party Youth OrganizationSocial democracyRepublicanism in Jamaica>RepublicanismHTTPS://ISSUU.COM/THEPEOPLESNATIONALPARTY/DOCS/PNP_MANIFESTO_2016>TITLE=PNP MANIFESTO 2016, Issuu, Centre-leftJEAN GRUGEL URL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=NE49YLXRICGC&PG=PA117 PUBLISHER=INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS PAGE=117, EUROPA PUBLICATIONS >TITLE=POLITICAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE AMERICAS DATE=2 SEPTEMBER 2003 ISBN=978-1-135-35653-8, 140–, Parliament of Jamaica>House of Representatives14hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Senate of Jamaica>Senate8hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}| seats3_title = Local Government115hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}| seats4_title = Parish Councils6hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Kingston, Jamaica>Kingston, JamaicaCOPPPAL|West Indies Federal Labour Party (1957–1962)}}Socialist International (observer)HTTP://SOCIALISTINTERNATIONAL.ORG/VIEWARTICLE.CFM?ARTICLEPAGEID=931 ACCESS-DATE=28 OCTOBER 2011 ARCHIVE-DATE=3 MAY 2013, dead, pnp.org.jm/}}| country = Jamaica}}{{labour|sp=ja|expanded=parties}}The People’s National Party (PNP) is a social-democraticBOOK, Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties,books.google.com/books?id=c9Nk85VMo1QC&pg=PA342, 1 November 2011, Rowman & Littlefield, 978-1-4422-0994-7, 342–, BOOK, M. Keith Booker, Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics: A-G,books.google.com/books?id=JcFC4oiDmpgC&pg=PA1, 2005, Greenwood Publishing Group, 978-0-313-32939-5, 1–, BOOK, John Girling, America and the Third World: Revolution and Intervention,books.google.com/books?id=hJOsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196, 26 November 2010, Routledge, 978-1-136-85882-6, 196–, political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by Norman Washington Manley who served as party president until his death in 1969.WEB,www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/peoples-national-party, People’s National Party | Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com, 13 March 2023, WEB,www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/jm_parties/pnp.asp, Caribbean Elections | People’s National Party, 7 March 2023, 27 November 2021,www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/jm_parties/pnp.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20211127003239www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/jm_parties/pnp.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20211127003239www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/jm_parties/pnp.asp, dead, WEB,jis.gov.jm/information/heroes/norman-washington-manley/, Norman Washington Manley – Jamaica Information Service, It holds 14 of the 63 seats in the House of Representatives,Parliament of Jamaica as 96 of the 227 local government divisions. The party is democratic socialist by constitution.WEB,issuu.com/miltonmiles/docs/constitution?mode=window&backgroundColor=%23222222&tmpl=component, Constitution of the People’s National Party, 28 January 2013, The party is a member of COPPPAL and a full member of Socialist International. From 1957 to 1962, the party was a member of the West Indies Federal Labour Party in the Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation.

Colonial Jamaica

The PNP was founded in 1938 by Norman Washington Manley, and is the second oldest political party in Jamaica (the People’s Political Party was formed earlier, on 9 September 1929, by Marcus Garvey).Grant, Colin (2008). Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey. London: Jonathan Cape. {{ISBN|978-0-09-950145-9}}. p. 428 It is now one of the country’s main two political parties, and is considered more to the left than its main rival the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). The party held a majority of seats in the parliament of the Colony of Jamaica from 1955 until 1962. Following independence in 1962, it held the majority of seats in the Jamaican Parliament from 1972 to 1980, from 1989 to 2007, and from 2011 to 2016.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}The PNP was defeated in the first universal elections held in Jamaica in 1944, winning only four of the 32 seats (one elected independent joined the party afterwards). The 1949 Jamaican general election was much closer. The PNP received more votes (203,048) than the JLP (199,538), but the JLP secured more seats; 17 to the PNP’s 13. Two seats were won by independents. The voter turnout was 65.2%.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}In 1954, the PNP expelled Richard Hart, a Marxist, and three other PNP members for their (alleged) communist views.NEWS, Anon, No Hard Feelings – Richard Hart forgives Manley for throwing him out of the PNP,jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060612/lead/lead9.html, 22 July 2012, The Gleaner, 12 June 2006, 24 December 2013,jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060612/lead/lead9.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131224113951jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060612/lead/lead9.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131224113951jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060612/lead/lead9.html, dead, Taylor, Orville (20 May 2012), “Workers’ ‘Weak’: 50 Years Of Betrayal”, The Gleaner. The other three members were Ken Hill, Frank Hill, and Arthur Henry, and they were collectively referred to as “the four Hs”.NEWS, Campbell, Howard, CAMPUS BEAT – University of the West Indies (UWI) explores rich legacy of Richard Hart,jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060606/news/news6.html, 22 July 2012, The Gleaner, 6 June 2006, 24 December 2013,jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060606/news/news6.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131224112904jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060606/news/news6.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131224112904jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060606/news/news6.html, dead, NEWS, Campbell, Howard, Works of the Radical Hart to be Published,jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100418/arts/arts4.html, 22 July 2012, The Gleaner, 18 April 2010, “John Barnes – The footballer traces his grandfather’s central role in the campaign for Jamaican independence”, Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine. Episode aired BBC One, 17 October 2012. Under “the four Hs”, the unions they officered had the largest following of any union outside of the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union.{{cn|date=January 2022}}Hart and the other members of “the four Hs” were very active in the trade union movement in Jamaica.“13. History of the Jamaica Labour Movement”, The Voice of Coloured Labour (George Padmore, editor), 1945. In the 1940s and 1950s. Hart worked as a member of the Executive Committee of the Trade Union Council from 1946 to 1948.BOOK, Microform Academic Publishers, Richard Hart Collection – Richard Hart’s Collected Papers 1937–1966 on Microfilm: Finding List, 2000, Microform Academic Publishers, Wakefield,www.microform.co.uk/guides/R97582.pdf, WEB, Luquesi, Andrea, Honorary Graduate Profile: Richard Hart,www2.hull.ac.uk/news_and_events-1/winterdegreeceremonies/hongrads/hart.aspx, University of Hull, 22 July 2012, 25 January 2011, {{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} He served as Assistant Secretary of the Caribbean Labour Congress from 1945 to 1946 and Assistant Secretary from 1947 to 1953.The expulsion of the ‘Four Hs’ signalled a parting of ways between the PNP and the Trade Union Congress (TUC), which was aligned to the PNP. The National Workers Union (NWU) effectively filled the vacuum left by the TUC.Garfield Higgins, “Plastic smiles and constipated glad-handing cannot smother reality, PNP”, Jamaica Observer, 14 June 2020www.jamaicaobserver.com/the-agenda/plastic-smiles-and-constipated-glad-handing-cannot-smother-reality-pnp_196158?profile=1096 Retrieved 11 September 2020.The PNP came to office 1955, and held power until just before independence in 1962. In the 1955 Jamaican general election, the PNP won for the first time, securing 18 out of 32 seats. The JLP ended up with 14 seats, and there were no independents. The voter turnout with 65.1%. As a result, Norman Manley became the new chief minister.C.V. Black, A History of Jamaica (London: Collins, 1975), p. 233.The 1959 Jamaican general election was held on 28 July 1959, and the number of seats was increased to 45. The PNP secured a wider margin of victory, taking 29 seats to the JLP’s 16.Manley was appointed Jamaica’s first premier on 14 August 1959.Michael Burke, “Norman Manley as premier”, Jamaica Observer, 13 August 2014www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/Norman-Manley-as-premier_17349996 Retrieved 10 September 2020.During this period of government, it promoted actively reformist social democratic policies, including opening secondary education to many poorer Jamaicans through state funding of scholarships.In the 1961 Federation membership referendum Jamaica voted 54% to leave the West Indies Federation. After losing the referendum, Manley took Jamaica to the polls in April 1962, to secure a mandate for the island’s independence. On 10 April 1962, of the 45 seats up for contention in the 1962 Jamaican general election, the JLP won 26 seats and the PNP 19. The voter turnout was 72.9%.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 430.This resulted in the independence of Jamaica on 6 August 1962, and several other British colonies in the West Indies followed suit in the next decade. Bustamante had replaced Manley as premier between April and August, and on independence, he became Jamaica’s first prime minister.

Independent Jamaica

On 21 February, in the 1967 Jamaican general election, the JLP were victorious again, winning 33 out of 53 seats, with the PNP taking 20 seats.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 430.In 1972, under the leadership of Norman Manley’s son Michael Manley, the PNP returned to office committed to democratic socialism and a foreign policy focused on strengthening relations with the Global South. The PNP won 37 seats to the JLP’s 16. In the 1976 Jamaican general election, the PNP won another landslide, winning 47 seats to the JLP’s 13. The turnout was a very high 85 percent.In 1980, after several years characterised by inflation and rising unemployment, the JLP led by Edward Seaga overwhelmingly defeated the PNP in a campaign noteworthy for its alarming level of violence. The JLP won 51 seats to the PNP’s nine seats.Manley led the party in a boycott of the snap election called in 1983. The party was absent from parliament for more than five years. The PNP was returned to office under Manley’s leadership in 1989, winning 45 seats to the JLP’s 15.Manley retired from politics in 1992, and was replaced as party leader by P. J. Patterson. Patterson led the PNP to victory in 1993, 1997, and 2002, becoming the first political leader in Jamaican history to win three successive general elections. In 1993, the PNP won 52 seats to the JLP’s eight seats, and in 1997 the PNP won 50 of the 60 seats available.In the 2002 election, held on 16 October 2002, the party won 52.2% of the popular vote and 34 of the 60 seats in the House of Representatives.Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p430 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}On 26 February 2006, Portia Simpson-Miller was elected as Patterson’s successor, becoming the first female president of the PNP, and became the first female Prime Minister of Jamaica. The PNP lost the August 2007 election to the JLP by a narrow margin of 32 seats to 28, with a turnout of 61.46%.Caribbean Elections: Jamaican Election Centre, “Jamaican general election results 3 September 2007”www.caribbeanelections.com/jm/elections/jm_results_2007.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205164530www.caribbeanelections.com/jm/elections/jm_results_2007.asp |date=5 December 2020 }} Retrieved 24 December 2020. This election ended 18 years of PNP rule, and Bruce Golding became the new prime minister.Pollster’s diary: virtual motion picture of campaign 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622031614www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070909/news/news2.html |date=2008-06-22}}, Jamaica Gleaner, 9 September 2007(File:People’s National Party (Jamaica) logo.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Previous logo of the People’s National Party from 2011-2021)In the 29 December 2011 general election, the PNP was returned to power with 42 of the 63 seats in Jamaica’s parliament. At first, 41 seats were counted in favour of the PNP. A recount with official results cost the former agriculture minister, Christopher Tufton, his seat, putting the PNP at 42 and the JLP at 21.WEB,www.about-jamaica.com/jamaica_government_2012.html,www.about-jamaica.com/jamaica_government_2012.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120207183219www.about-jamaica.com/jamaica_government_2012.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120207183219www.about-jamaica.com/jamaica_government_2012.html, dead, New 2012 Cabinet Ministers, 7 February 2012, The number of seats had been increased to 63, and the voter turnout was 53.17%.Caribbean Elections: Jamaican Election Centre, “Jamaican general election results 29 December 2011”www.caribbeanelections.com/jm/elections/jm_results_2011.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208122455www.caribbeanelections.com/jm/elections/jm_results_2011.asp |date=8 December 2020 }} Retrieved 24 December 2020.On 5 January 2012, Portia Simpson-Miller was sworn in as prime minister for the second time in her political career. On the following day, she assigned 20 cabinet ministers to various ministries, and eight state ministers.In the 2016 Jamaican general election on 25 February, Simpson-Miller lost to Andrew Holness by a narrow margin. A recount granted the PNP an additional seat, resulting in a one-seat loss. The PNP won 31 seats to the JLP’s 32. As a result, Simpson-Miller became Opposition Leader for a second time. The voter turnout dipped below 50% for the first time, registering just 48.37%.Caribbean Elections: Jamaican Election Centre, “Jamaican general election results 25 February 2016”www.caribbeanelections.com/jm/elections/jm_results_2016.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731030013www.caribbeanelections.com/jm/elections/jm_results_2016.asp |date=31 July 2020 }} Retrieved 24 December 2020.Following calls from within her own party for her to step down as party leader, Simpson-Miller announced she would not seek re-election on 4 December 2016.WEB, Jamaica Observer Limited,www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Simpson-Miller-to-step-down-as-PNP-president, 2021-10-25, Jamaica Observer, She was replaced by Peter Phillips, the Shadow Minister of Finance and former rival, on 26 March 2017. She stepped down as an MP in June 2017.Jovan Johnson, “Portia’s journey - I endured it all, says retiring MP”, The Gleaner, 28 June 2017.In the September 2020 general elections, the PNP returned to the opposition benches winning a paltry 14 of the 63 seats in the Jamaican parliament in what was described as a political carnage toppling the hierarchy of the PNP. Many senior and well-established party members lost their seats, including Peter Bunting, Dayton Campbell, Fenton Ferguson, Horace Dalley, Ian Hayles, Luther Buchanan, Wykeham McNeill, Dwayne Vaz and Richard Azan. On 4 September 2020 Peter Phillips announced that he would step down as Opposition Leader and retire from representational politics. The turnout at this election was just 37%, probably affected by the coronavirus pandemic.JLP Trounces PNP 49 To 14 Seats {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905085739jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20200903/javotes2020-jlp-trounces-pnp-49-14-seats |date=5 September 2020 }} The Gleaner, 3 September 2020On 7 November 2020 the PNP elected Mark Golding as its 6th President after he defeated challenger Lisa Hanna in the 2020 People’s National Party leadership election by 1,740 votes to 1,444.Barbados Today, “Mark Golding wins presidential race for opposition party in Jamaica”, 8 November 2020barbadostoday.bb/2020/11/08/mark-golding-wins-presidential-race-for-opposition-party-in-jamaica/ Retrieved 22 December 2020.

Political positions

{{socialism sidebar}}{{social democracy sidebar}}The party adheres to social democracy and republicanism, and is an observer member of the Socialist International.

Electoral performance

House of Representatives

{{Graph:Chart|width=350|type=rect|colors=#fb740a|showValues=|xAxisTitle=General elections|xAxisAngle=-40|x=1944, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2020|yAxisTitle=% of popular vote|y=23.5,43.5,50.5,54.8,43.5,49.1,56.4,56.8,41.1,0,56.6,60.0,56.2,52.1,49.6,53.3,49.2,42.8}}{| class=“sortable wikitable” style="text-align: center;”! scope=“col” | Election! scope=“col” | Leader! scope=“col” | Votes! scope=“col” | Share of votes! scope=“col” | Seats! scope=“col” | Result1944 Jamaican general election>1944 Norman Manley| 82,029| 23.5%5hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}1949 Jamaican general election>1949| 203,048| 43.5%13hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}1955 Jamaican general election>1955| 245,750| 50.5%18hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}} Majority Government}}1959 Jamaican general election>1959| 305,642| 54.8%29hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Majority Government}}1962 Jamaican general election>1962| 279,771| 43.5%19hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}1967 Jamaican general election>1967| 217,207| 49.1%20hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}1972 Jamaican general election>1972 Michael Manley| 266,927| 56.4%37hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Supermajority Government}}1976 Jamaican general election>1976| 417,768| 56.8%47hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Supermajority Government}}1980 Jamaican general election>1980| 350,064| 41.1%9hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}1983 Jamaican general election>1983 did not contest1989 Jamaican general election>1989| 473,754| 56.6%45hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Supermajority Government}}1993 Jamaican general election>1993 P. J. Patterson| 401,131| 60.0%52hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Supermajority Government}}1997 Jamaican general election>1997| 429,805| 56.2%50hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Supermajority Government}}2002 Jamaican general election>2002| 396,590| 52.1%34hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Majority Government}}2007 Jamaican general election>2007 Portia Simpson-Miller| 405,293| 49.6%28hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}2011 Jamaican general election>2011| 463,232| 53.3%42hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Supermajority Government}}2016 Jamaican general election>2016| 433,735| 49.2%31hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}2020 Jamaican general election>2020Peter Phillips (politician)>Peter Phillips|304,372|42.8%15hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}Opposition}}

West Indies

{{see also|West Indies Federal Labour Party|1958 West Indies federal elections|West Indies Federation|Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation}}{{Graph:Chart|width=25|type=rect|colors=#fb740a|showValues=|xAxisTitle=West Indies election|xAxisAngle=-40|x=1958|yAxisTitle=% of popular vote|y=44.2}}{| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center”! colspan=“2” rowspan=“2” |Election! colspan=3 rowspan=2|Party Group! rowspan=2|Leader! colspan=2|Votes! colspan=“2” |Seats! rowspan=2|Position! rowspan=“2” |Government! No.! Share! No.! SharePeople’s National Party}}” width=“1” |1958 West Indies federal elections>1958JAMAICA OBSERVER LIMITED >URL=HTTP://WWW.JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM/NEWS/THE-1958-FEDERAL-ELECTION_128987?PROFILE=1470 WORK=JAMAICA OBSERVER, West Indies Federal Labour Party>WIFLP382,52544.2%5hex={{party color|People’s National Party}}}}29.4%|2ndWIFLP}}

List of party presidents

• Norman Manley (1938–1969) (Founder)
• Michael Manley (1969–1992)
• Percival James Patterson (1992–2006)
• Portia Simpson-Miller (2006–2017)
• Peter Phillips (2017–2020)
• Mark Golding (2020–present)

References

{{reflist}}

External links

• Official PNP website
• www.about-jamaica.com/jamaica_government_2012.html" title="web.archive.org/web/20120207183219www.about-jamaica.com/jamaica_government_2012.html">Jamaica New 2012 Cabinet Ministers
• Party manifesto{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (PDF file; free download of reader available here)
• History of the PNP and the JLP

{{People’s National Party}}{{Jamaican political parties}}{{Authority control}}