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Node (networking)
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Node (networking)
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{{short description|Device or point within a network capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting data}}{{About|a point within a telecommunications network|other uses|Node (disambiguation)}}In telecommunications networks, a node (, ‘knot’) is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint. A physical network node is an electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a communication channel.WEB, Node,encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861633439, Encarta, Microsoft,encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861633439," title="web.archive.org/web/20090213103406encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861633439,">web.archive.org/web/20090213103406encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861633439, 2009-02-13, dead, 2007-10-23, In data communication, a physical network node may either be data communication equipment (such as a modem, hub, bridge or switch) or data terminal equipment (such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a host computer). A passive distribution point such as a distribution frame or patch panel is not a node.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Computer networks
In data communication, a physical network node may either be data communication equipment (DCE) such as a modem, hub, bridge or switch; or data terminal equipment (DTE) such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a host computer.Telecommunications
In the fixed telephone network, a node may be a public or private telephone exchange, a remote concentrator or a computer providing some intelligent network service. In cellular communication, switching points and databases such as the base station controller, home location register, gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) and serving GPRS support node (SGSN) are examples of nodes. Cellular network base stations are not considered to be nodes in this context.In cable television systems (CATV), this term has assumed a broader context and is generally associated with a fiber optic node. This can be defined as those homes or businesses within a specific geographic area that are served from a common fiber optic receiver. A fiber optic node is generally described in terms of the number of “homes passed” that are served by that specific fiber node.Distributed systems
In a distributed system network, the nodes are clients, servers or peers. A peer may sometimes serve as client, sometimes server. In a peer-to-peer or overlay network, nodes that actively route data for the other networked devices as well as themselves are called supernodes.Distributed systems may sometimes use virtual nodes so that the system is not oblivious to the heterogeneity of the nodes. This issue is addressed with special algorithms, like consistent hashing, as it is the case in Amazon’s Dynamo.WEB, 2011-03-17, www.allthingsdistributed.com, All things distributed, Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store: 4.2 Partitioning Algorithm, the basic algorithm is oblivious to the heterogeneity in the performance of nodes. To address these issues, Dynamo uses a variant of consistent hashing: instead of mapping a node to a single point in the circle, each node gets assigned to multiple points in the ring. To this end, Dynamo uses the concept of “virtual nodes”. A virtual node looks like a single node in the system, but each node can be responsible for more than one virtual node. Effectively, when a new node is added to the system, it is assigned multiple positions (henceforth, “tokens“) in the ring.,www.allthingsdistributed.com/files/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf, Within a vast computer network, the individual computers on the periphery of the network, those that do not also connect other networks, and those that often connect transiently to one or more clouds are called end nodes. Typically, within the cloud computing construct, the individual user or customer computer that connects into one well-managed cloud is called an end node. Since these computers are a part of the network yet unmanaged by the cloud’s host, they present significant risks to the entire cloud. This is called the end node problem.{{citation |url=http://www.nets-find.net/Meetings/S09Meeting/Talks/clark.ppt |title=Architecture from the top down |author=David D. Clark |date=April 2009 |access-date=2017-05-14 |archive-date=2021-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813140541www.nets-find.net/Meetings/S09Meeting/Talks/clark.ppt |url-status=dead }} There are several means to remedy this problem but all require instilling trust in the end node computer.WEB, LPS-Public,www.spi.dod.mil/lipose.htm,www.spi.dod.mil/lipose.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110129060950www.spi.dod.mil/lipose.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110129060950www.spi.dod.mil/lipose.htm, 2011-01-29, dead,See also
References
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