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| native_name = Nuovo Centrodestra| leader1_title = President| leader1_name = Angelino Alfano| leader2_title = | leader2_name = | foundation = 15 November 2013| dissolved = 18 March 2017| split = The People of Freedom| successor = Popular AlternativeConservatismHTTP://WWW.FORMICHE.NET/2014/01/13/PAIO-CONSIGLI-SPASSIONATI-IL-NUOVO-CENTRODESTRA-ALFANO/ PUBLISHER=FORMICHE ACCESS-DATE=2014-02-20, Christian democracyHTTP://NEWS.PANORAMA.IT/POLITICA/NUOVO-CENTRODESTRA-DEMOCRAZIA-CRISTIANA >TITLE=NUOVO CENTRODESTRA O VECCHIA DEMOCRAZIA CRISTIANA? DATE=17 NOVEMBER 2013 PANORAMA (MAGAZINE)>PANORAMA ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20131202110412/HTTP://NEWS.PANORAMA.IT/POLITICA/NUOVO-CENTRODESTRA-DEMOCRAZIA-CRISTIANA URL-STATUS=DEAD, | headquarters = Via Arcione 7100186 Rome| newspaper = l'Occidentale (online)| youth_wing = NCD Young People| membership_year = 2014PUBLISHER=IL GIORGNO ACCESS-DATE=2014-03-15, Centre-right politics>Centre-right| national = Popular AreaEuropean People's Party}}| international = weblink}}{{party colorborder=darkgray}} Blue| country = Italy}}New Centre-Right (, NCD) was a centre-right political party in Italy.NEWS, Silvio Berlusconi's heir Angelino Alfano forms new party in Italy, Associated Press, The Independent, 15 November 2013,weblinkweblink 18 June 2022, subscription, live, 16 November 2013, The party was launched on 15 November 2013 by a group of dissidents of The People of Freedom (PdL) who opposed the party's reformation as Forza Italia (FI), which would take place the following day.BOOK, Nicolas Bonnet, Silvo's Party, Agnès Alexandre-Collier, François Vergniolle De Chantal, Leadership and Uncertainty Management in Politics: Leaders, Followers and Constraints in Western Democracies,weblink 2015, Palgrave Macmillan, 978-1-137-43924-6, 105–106, The NCD leader was Angelino Alfano, who had been Silvio Berlusconi's protégé and national secretary of the PdL from 2011 to 2013.The NCD was a member of the European People's Party (EPP). The party participated in the Letta, Renzi and Gentiloni governments. On 18 March 2017, the NCD was dissolved into Popular Alternative (AP).

History

Background and foundation

The party was formed by splinters from the PdL on 15 November 2013. Its founders, lately known as "doves" in the party, were strong supporters of Enrico Letta's government and refused to join the new Forza Italia (FI), founded upon the dissolution of the PdL. All five PdL ministers, three under-secretaries, 30 senators and 27 deputies immediately joined the NCD.{{Citation |url=http://www.ilmessaggero.it/PRIMOPIANO/POLITICA/alfano_nuovo_centrodestra/notizie/360466.shtml|newspaper=Il Messaggero |title=Alfano lancia il Nuovo centrodestra: "No a Fi per me scelta dolorosa. No a decadenza Berlusconi" |language=it |date=16 November 2013|access-date=16 November 2013}}BOOK, Tom Lansford, Political Handbook of the World 2015,weblink 2015, SAGE Publications, 978-1-4833-7155-9, 3067, Most were Christian democrats and many came from the southern regions of Calabria and Sicily.{{Citation|author=Francesco Bei|title=Il 'Nuovo centrodestra', gruppi in crescita e logo tricolore|newspaper=la Repubblica |date=16 November 2013|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2013/11/16/news/composizione_nuovo_centrodestra-71131210/ |language=it |access-date=18 November 2013}}Besides Alfano (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior), leading members included Maurizio Lupi (Minister of Infrastructure and Transport), Nunzia De Girolamo (Minister of Agriculture), Beatrice Lorenzin (Minister of Health), Gaetano Quagliariello (Minister of Constitutional Reforms), Giuseppe Scopelliti (President of Calabria), Roberto Formigoni (former President of Lombardy), Renato Schifani (former President of the Senate and PdL floor leader until November 2013), Fabrizio Cicchitto (former PdL leader in the Chamber in 2008–2013) and Carlo Giovanardi (a former minister for the UDC).NEWS, What the Alfano-Berlusconi split means for Italian politics,weblink 20 November 2013, Suffragio, 18 November 2013, Kevin Lees,

Support to Renzi and Popular Area

In February 2014, after the fall of Letta's government, the NCD joined a new coalition government led by Matteo Renzi, who had been elected secretary of the Democratic Party (PD) in December 2013. In the new government the NCD retained three ministers: Alfano at the Interior, Lupi at Infrastrctures and Transports, and Lorenzin at Health.WEB,weblink I ministri giurano, il governo è in carica Renzi: "Ce la faremo". Ma Letta lo gela, 22 February 2014, La Stampa, 9 June 2015, Quagliariello, who had not been confirmed as minister of Institutional Reforms, was elected national coordinator by the assembly of the parliamentary groups.WEB,weblink Ncd, Quagliariello coordinatore, rainews, 9 June 2015, The party ran in the 2014 European Parliament election on a joint list with the Union of the Centre (UdC). The list obtained 4.4% of the vote and three MEPs, two for the NCD and one for the UdC. The list did especially well in the South: 7.1% in Apulia, 11.4% in Calabria and 9.1% in Sicily.WEB,weblink ::: Ministero dell'Interno ::: Archivio Storico delle Elezioni - Europee del 25 Maggio 2014, Elezionistorico.interno.it, 2016-08-02, On 11 September 2014, the NCD was officially accepted into the European People's Party (EPP).WEB,weblink EPP concerned over actions of radical Islamic militant groups and over latest political developments in Romania; welcomes five new member parties - EPP, 9 June 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150413072435weblink">weblink 13 April 2015, WEB,weblink Ncd: Quagliariello, accolti con voto unanime in famiglia Ppe, ANSA.it, 12 September 2014, 9 June 2015, In December 2014 the NCD formed joint parliamentary groups with the UdC in both the Chamber of Deputies and Senate. The two groups, a step toward a complete merger of the two parties,WEB,weblink Ncd e Udc verso la fusione, la "start-up dei moderati" per incidere sul voto del Colle, Data 24 News, 9 June 2015, were named Popular Area, where "popular" was a reference to popolarismo, the Italian variety of Christian democracy.

Internal squabbles and splits

Following Alfano's decision to support Sergio Mattarella's bid to become President of Italy during the 2015 presidential election (Matteralla was effectively elected on 31 January), the NCD experienced an internal crisis. Most notably, Barbara Saltamartini and Maurizio Sacconi resigned from party's spokesperson and leader in the Senate, respectively.WEB,weblink Ncd nel caos. E Sacconi si dimette, 9 June 2015, WEB,weblink Quirinale/ Terremoto nell'Ncd, Saltamartini e Sacconi si dimettono, Affaritaliani.it, 9 June 2015, 18 October 2022,weblink dead, WEB,weblink Terremoto nel Ncd: si dimettono Sacconi e Saltamartini, Federico Morbegno, 31 January 2015, 9 June 2015, Schifani was unanimously elected to succeed to Sacconi,WEB,weblink Ncd, Schifani nuovo capogruppo al Senato, Affaritaliani.it, 11 February 2015, 9 June 2015, while Saltamartini left the party altogether.WEB,weblink Ncd, Barbara Saltamartini lascia, critiche ad Alfano. E Matteo Renzi sfotte Angelino: "Leccati le ferite", 9 June 2015, In March Lupi was hit by a minor corruption scandal and resigned from minister of Infrastrctures and Transports.WEB,weblink Lupi si dimette da ministro: "Lascio a testa alta". Per la successione le ipotesi sono Delrio e Lotti, 20 March 2015, La Stampa, 9 June 2015, WEB,weblink Maurizio Lupi si dimette, Panorama, 9 June 2015, As result, the party was left with only two ministers. In April De Girolamo, a frequent critic of the government since Mattarella's election, was replaced as leader in the Chamber by Lupi.WEB,weblink Lupi nuovo capogruppo di Area Popolare alla Camera, De Girolamo si dimette in polemica, 8 April 2015, La Stampa, 9 June 2015, WEB,weblink Ncd, Lupi capogruppo Camera al posto di De Girolamo. Lei: 'Come Grande Fratello', Il Fatto Quotidiano, 9 April 2015, 9 June 2015, During the summer, one deputy (De Girolamo,WEB, Tommaso Labate,weblink De Girolamo dà l'addio a Ncd, Corriere della Sera, 24 August 2015, 2016-08-02, WEB, Alberto Di Majo,weblink De Girolamo: "Torno in Forza Italia E non ho paura del cerchio magico" - Politica - iltempo, Il Tempo, 2015-08-26, 2016-08-02, 28 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150928182254weblink">weblink dead, who had been a founder of The Republicans)WEB, di Alessandro Da Rold,weblink Reguzzoni (Lega) e De Girolamo (Ncd), la strana coppia per il partito Repubblicano, Linkiesta.it, 2015-05-21, 2016-08-02, 9 July 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170709122640weblink">weblink dead, WEB,weblink Il Ncd è spolpato: De Girolamo lancia i Repubblicani, lettera43, 2016-08-02, and one MEP (Massimiliano Salini)WEB,weblink Ncd: eurodeputato Salini lascia per andare in Fi - Altre news - ANSA Europa, ANSA.it, 24 September 2015, 2016-08-02, re-joined FI.A bigger blow to Alfano came in October, when Quaglieriello resigned from coordinator and threatened to lead a splinter group out of the party if the NCD were to continue its support to Renzi.WEB, Monica Guerzoni,weblink Quagliariello-Ncd, è rotturaAlfano: «Io non trattengo nessuno, Corriere della Sera, 14 October 2015, 2016-08-02, WEB, Alessandro De Angelis,weblink Gaetano Quagliariello si dimette da coordinatore Ncd e scrive ad Alfano: "Se non lasci Renzi, formo gruppo al Senato", Huffingtonpost.it, 2015-10-14, 2016-08-02, In the following weeks, Quaglieriello deserted a meeting of the party's national boardWEB,weblink Quagliariello diserta la direzione Ncd, it, Il Giornale, 5 November 2015, 2016-08-02, and made clear he was leaving the party. Two deputies (Vincenso PisoWEB,weblink Alfano ne perde altri due, it, Il Giornale, 2015-11-23, 2016-08-02, WEB,weblink Augello e Piso lasciano Ncd Il caso dei 'gesti sessisti' sarà riesaminato - Politica - iltempo, Il Tempo, 2015-10-24, 2016-08-02, 24 November 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151124210115weblink">weblink dead, and Eugenia Roccella) and two colleagues of Quaglieriello (Andrea AugelloWEB,weblink Alfano perde un altro pezzo. Andrea Augello lascia Ncd. Direzione Fitto? - Secolo d'Italia, Secoloditalia.it, 1976-02-23, 2016-08-02, and Giovanardi)WEB,weblink Giovanardi (e i suoi) lasciano Ncd: «Alfano ha fallito, governo arrogante sulle nozze gay, Corriere della Sera, 26 October 2015, 2016-08-02, WEB,weblink Carlo Giovanardi lascia Ncd e maggioranza. "Ma non torno in Forza Italia", la Repubblica, 2015-10-26, 2016-08-02, in the Senate followed suit. These, along with a fourth senator (Luigi Compagna, a former Liberal) finally launched Identity and Action (IDEA).WEB,weblink Centrodestra, Quagliariello lancia "Idea". Alternativi a Renzi, guardando ai territori | l'Occidentale, it, Loccidentale.it, 2016-08-02,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151126050517weblink">weblink 26 November 2015, dead, WEB,weblink Ncd, Quagliariello lancia il quarto petalo. Cassano: "Voleva il Ministero", Affaritaliani.it, 25 November 2015, 2016-08-02, In February 2016, during a government reshuffle, NCD's Enrico Costa was appointed minister of Regional Affairs and Autonomies.WEB,weblink Governo, via al rimpasto: 13 nomi nuovi. Torna anche il contestato Gentile, la Repubblica, 2016-01-28, 2016-08-02, Shortly afterwards, it was announced by Lorenzin that the party would soon change its name, dropping the word "right", or take part to the formation of an entirely new party.WEB,weblink Ncd cambia nome, sparisce la parola 'destra' - Politica, Quotidiano.net, 18 February 2016, 2016-08-02, WEB,weblink "Via 'destra' dal simbolo Ncd". Finalmente Alfano se ne è accorto, it, Il Giornale, 2016-02-18, 2016-08-02, After NCD's dismal results in the 2016 local elections, several MPs, mainly senators, started weighing on leaving the party.WEB,weblink Dopo il voto Alfano lancia polo moderato. Ma in Ap è scontro, Askanews.it, 2016-08-02, 1 July 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160701005108weblink">weblink dead, WEB,weblink Fronda contro Alfano: cinque Ncd pronti all'addio - Politica - iltempo, Il Tempo, 2016-06-21, 2016-08-02, {{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In July 2016 Schifani, who criticised the party's permanence in the government and aimed at re-unifying the Italian fractured centre-right, stepped down from leader in the SenateWEB,weblink Area Popolare, Schifani si dimette da capogruppo al Senato. "Udc si sfila da area governo: "Noi per no al referendum" - Il Fatto Quotidiano, Il Fatto Quotidiano, 2016-07-19, 2016-08-02, WEB, Gianluca Abate,weblink Strappo di Schifani: «Basta appoggi a Renzi e offese a Berlusconi, Corriere della Sera, 2016-07-19, 2016-08-02, and was replaced by Laura Bianconi, a close ally of Alfano.WEB,weblink Schifani lascia Alfano, Laura Bianconi prende il suo posto - Politica - iltempo, Il Tempo, 2016-07-20, 2016-08-02, A couple of weeks later, Schifani left the party, along with another senator, and returned to FI.WEB,weblink Schifani ritorna in Forza Italia. Berlusconi: "Ha continuato a coltivare le nostre radici" - la Repubblica, 4 August 2016,

Road to the new party

In the run-up of the 2016 constitutional referendum the UdC campaigned for the "no", while the NCD was among the keenest supporters of the "yes". After the referendum, which saw a huge defeat by the "no" side, the UdC left AP altogether, but some splinters named Centrists for Italy, notably including Pier Ferdinando Casini and minister Gian Luca Galletti, stayed with AP.WEB,weblink Area Popolare si spacca dopo il referendum. Udc: "L'esperienza, forse mai decollata, si conclude qui" - Il Fatto Quotidiano, 6 December 2016, WEB,weblink Fuggi fuggi al Senato: I centristi guardano a Fi. E Alfano resta da solo, 7 December 2016, WEB,weblink "Alfano succube di Renzi, ce ne andiamo" - giornaleditalia, www.ilgiornaleditalia.org, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161207170147weblink">weblink 2016-12-07, The referendum's result and the demise of Renzi Cabinet revived NCD's internal tensions too, that led to splits (one deputy left in December,WEB,weblink Bernardo (NCD): lascio NCD, momento più basso del partito | www.newsagielle.it, 7 December 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161220104905weblink">weblink 20 December 2016, dead, one senator in February).WEB,weblink Senato: Ala perde pezzi, 2 vanno a Udc - Politica, 9 February 2017, WEB,weblink Grandi manovre in corso al senato, Verdini e Alfano perdono pezzi - Siciliainformazioni, 10 February 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170209200658weblink">weblink 9 February 2017, dead, In the following government led by Democrat Paolo Gentiloni, Alfano was sworn in as minister of Foreign Affairs, while Lorenzin, Galletti (CpI) and Costa were confirmed as ministers of Health, the Environment and Regional Affairs, respectively.On 18 March 2017 the party was dissolved in order to make way for Popular Alternative (AP), which consisted mostly of the former NCD.

Ideology and factions

{{Conservatism in Italy}}Despite being home to some social democrats (Reformism and Freedom, We Reformers), the party was mainly a Christian-democratic party with a social-conservative streak. According to Corriere della Sera, differently from FI, NCD's stances on the "so-called ethical issues" (abortion, LGBT rights, etc.) were "closer to those of the European traditionalist right" and "thus not very compatible with those of the EPP's parties in big countries such as Germany".WEB,weblink Pd-azzurri: asse sui diritti (senza Ncd), Corriere della Sera, 2014-02-20, However, the party voted in favor of civil unions, whereas most FI members voted against it.WEB,weblink Unioni civili sono legge: M5s si astiene. Lega e Fdi contro. Renzi: "E' un giorno di festa". Le destre: "Referendum", 11 May 2016, The NCD was also criticised by some Catholic associations for not opposing enough the teaching of gender studies in schools.WEB,weblink Gender a Scuola: Nella Riforma Il Trucco C'e' Ma non Si Vede, 27 June 2015, In addition, the NCD, as part of centre-left governments, proved more progressive than FI on the management of illegal immigration, which was negatively evaluated by Berlusconi's party.WEB,weblink Migranti, Berlusconi: "Un accordo con la Libia è l'unica soluzione", 27 July 2017, Precisely for these and other reasons, several NCD politicians left the party to either form Identity and Action (IdeA) led by Gaetano Quagliariello or re-joined FI (e.g. Nunzia De Girolamo, Renato Schifani and Massimiliano Salini),WEB,weblink ADDIO NCD/ Massimiliano Salini lascia Lupi e torna in Forza Italia, 25 September 2015, in both cases re-aligning with the FI-led centre-right coalition.WEB,weblink Renato Schifani torna in Forza Italia, 4 August 2016, Former PdL-affiliated factions or think tanks which joined the NCD included:

• Network Italy (Rete Italia)WEB,weblink Il clan politico di Cl si attovaglia per spartirsi la torta dell'Expo, Mentiinformatiche.com, 2014-01-21, 2014-02-20, 16 October 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141016184051weblink">weblink dead, – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Roberto Formigoni;
• Liberal Populars (Popolari Liberali)WEB,weblink Popolari liberali nel Ncd in pista per le primarie, it, 1 December 2013, L'Arena, 2 December 2013, – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Carlo Giovanardi;
• Christian Populars (Cristiano Popolari)WEB,weblink Federazione Cristiano Popolari, l'on.Baccini ad Avellino per il nuovo Centrodestra, it, Irpinia24.it, 2013-02-21, 2014-02-20, – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Mario Baccini;
• Christian Reformists (Cristiano Riformisti) – ideology: Christian democracy; leader: Antonio Mazzocchi;
• Magna Carta (Magna Carta)WEB,weblink Il 'Nuovo centrodestra', gruppi in crescita e logo tricolore, la Repubblica, 2013-11-16, 2014-02-20, – ideology: Liberal conservatism; leader: Gaetano Quagliariello;
• Reformism and Freedom (Riformismo e Libertà) – ideology: Social democracy; leader: Fabrizio Cicchitto;
• We Reformers (Noi Riformatori)WEB,weblink Noi Riformatori Per Il Nuovo Centrodestra, Noiriformatori.it, 2014-02-20,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131218101705weblink">weblink 18 December 2013, dead, – ideology: Social democracy; leader: Francesco Colucci.

In January 2014 three bigwigs of the party who later left the party (Quagliariello, Eugenia Roccella and Maurizio Sacconi) published a book titled Moderati. Per un nuovo umanesimo politico ("Moderates: For a new political humanism"), a sort of manifesto of the party. The book, whose key words are "person", "family", "enterprise" and "tradition", emphasises institutional reforms (including direct election of the President and federalism), ethical issues (marriage, opposition to abortion, limits to assisted reproductive technology, etc.) and the need for a smaller state ("less public law, more private rights").WEB,weblink "Per un nuovo umanesimo politico". In libreria il manifesto dei moderati, Affaritaliani.it, 2002-01-04, 2014-02-20, WEB,weblink Meno tasse e più etica, il manifesto dei moderati, Corriere della Sera, 2014-02-20, WEB,weblink Tutte le riforme che ha in mente il Nuovo Centrodestra, 12 January 2014, Formiche, 2014-02-20, According to Benedetto Ippolito, a university professor of history of philosophy, while NCD members insist that their party is "moderate", it is in fact "conservative" and "anti-progressive", albeit not "berlusconiano".In February 2014 the NCD unveiled a platform on labour, including a universal protection system safety net for the unemployed, a tax relief for entrepreneurs hiring the young, the reduction of the tax wedge on labour and the overcoming of article 18 of the "Statute of Workers", making easier for entrepreneurs to hire and fire employees.WEB,weblink Ncd, il Piano Sacconi sul lavoro in dieci punti, Il Sole 24 ORE, 9 June 2015,

Electoral results

European Parliament{| classwikitable style"width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"

European Parliament! width=13%|Election year! width=16%|Votes! width=6%|% ! width=1%|Seats! width=8%|+/–! width=18%|Leader! 2014| 1,202,350 (5th)Joint list with Union of the Centre.}}2hex={{party color|New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre}}}}–}}Angelino Alfano}}{{notelist}}">

Regional Councils{|classwikitable style"width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"

!width=19%|Region!width=13%|Election year!width=16%|Votes!width=7%|% !width=1%|Seats! Abruzzo! 2014{{efn|name=fn1|Joint list with Union of the Centre.}}| 40,219 (4th)| 5.91hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Apulia! 2015{{efn|Joint list of Francesco Schittulli's movement (Popular Area).}}| 101,817 (7th)| 6.04hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Calabria! 2014| 47,574 (6th)| 6.13hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Campania! 2015| 133,753 (5th)| 5.91hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Emilia-Romagna! 2014{{efn|name=fn1}}| 31,635 (7th)| 2.60hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Liguria! 2015{{efn|name=fn2|Joint list with Union of the Centre (Popular Area).}}| 9,269 (9th)| 1.71hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Marche! 2015{{efn|Joint list with Marche 2020 (Popular Area).}}| 21,049 (7th)| 4.01hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Piedmont! 2014{{efn|name=fn1}}| 49,059 (7th)| 2.50hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Tuscany! 2015{{efn|name=fn2}}| 15,808 (8th)| 1.20hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Umbria! 2015{{efn|name=fn1}}| 9,285 (9th)| 2.60hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}! Veneto! 2015{{efn|name=fn2}}| 37.937 (11th)| 2.01hex={{party color|New Centre-Right}}}}{{Notelist}}

Leadership

• President: Renato Schifani (acting,Schifani's full title was "President of the Promoting Committee". 2013–2014), Angelino Alfano (2014–2017)
  • Coordinator: Gaetano Quagliariello (2014–2015)
  • Spokesperson: Barbara Saltamartini (2014–2015), Valentina Castaldini (2015–2017)
• Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Enrico Costa (2013–2014), Nunzia De Girolamo (2014–2015), Maurizio Lupi (2015–2017)
• Party Leader in the Senate: Maurizio Sacconi (2013–2015), Renato Schifani (2015–2016), Laura Bianconi (2016–2017)
• Party Leader in the European Parliament: Giovanni La Via (2013–2017)

Symbols

Nuovo Centrodestra Logo.png|Official logoNuovo Centro Destra.jpg|Electoral logo

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131119112945weblink">Official website

{{Historical Italian political parties}}{{New Centre-Right factions | state=collapsed}}{{European People's Party}}