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{{Short description|Brazilian space technology organization}}{{More citations needed|date=September 2019}}

factoids

| location = | region_served = | membership = Portuguese language>Portuguese| leader_title = Director| leader_name = Gilvan Sampaio de Oliveira| main_organ = Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Brazil)>Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations| affiliations = | num_staff = | num_volunteers = Brazilian Real>R$79.9 million (2021)HTTPS://VALOR.GLOBO.COM/BRASIL/NOTICIA/2020/08/17/AGENCIA-ESPACIAL-BRASILEIRA-ZERA-ORCAMENTO-DO-INPE-PARA-PESQUISA-EM-2021.GHTML>TITLE=AGêNCIA ESPACIAL BRASILEIRA ZERA ORçAMENTO DO INPE PARA PESQUISA EM 2021AUTHOR=SALVADOR NOGUEIRADATE=AUGUST 17, 2020, March 1, 2021, www.inpe.br}}| remarks = }}(File:INPE, São José dos Campos 2016 015.jpg|thumb|Part of the satellite testing facility at INPE)File:INPE, São José dos Campos 2016 021.jpg|thumb|An Anechoic chamberAnechoic chamberThe National Institute for Space Research (, INPE) is a research unit of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations, the main goals of which are fostering scientific research and technological applications and qualifying personnel in the fields of space and atmospheric sciences, space engineering, and space technology. While INPE is the civilian research center for aerospace activities, the Brazilian Air Force's General Command for Aerospace Technology is the military arm. INPE is located in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo.

History

On August 13, 1961, President Jânio Quadros signed a decree which created the Organizing Group for the National Commission on Space Activities (COGNAE).WEB,weblink História, INPE, pt, March 1, 2021, May 16, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120516230309weblink">weblink dead, This group would give rise to the current National Institute for Space Research.COGNAE, which shortly after became known as CNAE, started its activities by stimulating, coordinating and supporting studies on space related areas, besides breeding a team of skilled researchers and establishing cooperation with leading nations on the space area.On April 22, 1971, the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) was created, subordinated to the National Research Council (CNPq). Its first Director was the electronic engineer Fernando de Mendonça. INPE would be the main civilian executive organ for space research development in accordance with the directives of the Brazilian Commission for Space Activities (COBAE), an advisory organ to the President.Until the mid-Seventies, the main projects carried out by INPE included the usage of meteorological, communications and earth observation satellites. This engendered other projects such as:

• MESA – reception and interpretation of meteorological satellite images
• SERE – use of satellite remote sensing technique and aircraft earth resources monitoring
• SACI – improved the educational system through broadcasting, using a geostationary communications satellite

INPE entered a new era when the Brazilian government approved the Complete Brazilian Space Mission (MECB) at the end of the 1970s. The institute, besides research and applications, started the development of the space technology for specific needs, essential for a country of continental dimensions with immense uninhabited areas.On March 15, 1985, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) was created and INPE became part of it as an independent organ of the Direct Administration.During the 1980s, INPE started developing priority programs such as:

• Complete Brazilian Space Mission (MECB)
• China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program (CBERS)
• Amazon Research Program (AMZ)
• Center for Weather Forecast and Climatic Studies (CPTEC)

It also kept track of other countries' research on the space area, facilitating collaboration and partnership with them. During this period it also established its Integration and Tests Laboratory (LIT) which develops highly specialized activities essential to the Brazilian Space Program. In the 1990s, the first Brazilian satellite (SCD-1) was launched. Since 1994, the Brazilian Space Agency has been responsible for Brazil's space program. INPE works in close cooperation with the agency. In 1998, the second Brazilian satellite (SCD-2) was successfully launched, performing even better than the first one. CBERS 1 was launched in 1999, CBERS 2 in 2003 and CBERS 2B in 2007. In August 2019, the chief of the agency, Ricardo Galvão, was fired by science minister Marcos Pontes after a period where Galvão had a public argument with Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro over the validity of data from DETER, a satellite system monitoring deforestation. Bolsonaro stated that the data had been altered to attack his government and Galvão called him a coward in response.Brazilian institute head fired after clashing with nation’s president over deforestation data. Science (4 August 2019). Retrieved 23 August 2019.

Directors{| class"wikitable"

! #! Dircetor! Period! Note| 1Fernando de Mendonça}}| 1963 - 1976DATE=2019-10-02LANGUAGE=PT-BR, | 2Nelson de Jesus Parada}}| 1976 - 1985ACCESSDATE=2022-05-18, pt-br, | 3Marco Antonio Raupp}}| 1985 - 1989DATE=2021-07-24LANGUAGE=PT-BR, | 4Márcio Nogueira Barbosa}}| 1989 - 2001DATE=1989-01-30LANGUAGE=PT-BR, HTTPS://WWW1.FOLHA.UOL.COM.BR/FSP/VALE/VL3011200011.HTM>TITLE=DIRETOR DO INPE ASSUME CARGO NA UNESCO ACCESSDATE=2022-05-18, pt-br, | —Volker Kirchhoff}}| 2001 - 2001DATE=2001-02-22LANGUAGE=PT-BR, HTTPS://MUNDOGEO.COM/2001/10/29/NOVO-DIRETOR-DO-INPE-TOMA-POSSE-HOJE/>TITLE=NOVO DIRETOR DO INPE TOMA POSSE HOJEACCESSDATE=2022-05-18, pt-br, | 5Luiz Carlos Moura Miranda}}| 2001 - 2005DATE=2005-05-11LANGUAGE=PT-BR, after a dispute over funding.HTTPS://WWW1.FOLHA.UOL.COM.BR/FSP/CIENCIA/FE2804200501.HTM>TITLE= DISPUTA POR VERBA DERRUBA DIRETOR DO INPE ACCESSDATE=2022-05-18, pt-br, | —Leonel Perondi}}| 2005 - 2005DATE=2012-05-14LANGUAGE=PT-BR, | 6Gilberto Câmara}}| 2005 - 2012DATE=2005-12-12LANGUAGE=PT-BR, | 7Leonel Perondi}}| 2012 - 2016DATE=OCTOBER 2016ACCESSDATE=2022-05-18, |8Ricardo Galvão}}|2016 - 2019Jair Bolsonaro {{ill>Controversies surrounding the Jair Bolsonaro governmentControvérsias envolvendo o governo Jair BolsonaroAmazon deforestation, specifically during the 2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires#Responses of the Brazilian government>2019 fires.HTTPS://REVISTAPESQUISA.FAPESP.BR/EN/RICARDO-MAGNUS-OSORIO-GALVAO-THE-PHYSICIST-WHO-WOULD-NOT-BEND/>TITLE=RICARDO MAGNUS OSóRIO GALVãO: THE PHYSICIST WHO WOULD NOT BENDEDITION=293DATE=2019-08-02LANGUAGE=PT-BR, | —Darcton Policarpo Damião}}| 2019 - 2020DATE=2019-08-14LANGUAGE=PT-BR, HTTPS://REVISTAGALILEU.GLOBO.COM/SOCIEDADE/NOTICIA/2020/10/CONHECA-TRAJETORIA-DE-CLEZIO-MARCOS-DE-NARDIN-O-NOVO-DIRETOR-DO-INPE.HTML>TITLE=CONHEçA A TRAJETóRIA DE CLEZIO MARCOS DE NARDIN, O NOVO DIRETOR DO INPEACCESSDATE=2022-05-18, pt-br, | 9Clezio Marcos de Nardin}}| 2020 - 2023TITLE=MCOM E MCTI TERãO AMPLA TROCA DE CARGOS, COM EXONERAçõES DE LULA,weblink | —Gilvan Sampaio de Oliveira}}|2023NUMBER=1610624478094000128 TITLE=INPE NO TWITTER,

See also

• Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA)
• Experimento Tokamak Esférico (ETE)
• Institute of Aeronautics and Space
• Marcos Pontes, the first Brazilian astronaut
• List of Brazilian satellites

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Official website|www.inpe.br}}
• NEWS,weblink Falling Star, Science, 376, 6596, 2022-05-26, Sofia Moutinho, Herton Escobar,
• BOOK,weblink Caminhos para o Espaço, Pathways to Space, 1991, Editora Contexto, 112, pt, en,

{{Brazil space program}}{{Public sector space agencies}}{{authority control}}