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{{Short description|Dance company founded by Martha Graham}}The Martha Graham Dance Company, founded by Martha Graham in 1926, is both the oldest dance company in the United States and the oldest integrated dance company. The company is critically acclaimed in the artistic world and has been recognized as “one of the great dance companies of the world” by the New York Times and as “one of the seven wonders of the artistic universe” by the Washington Post.WEB, Martha’s back! Famed dance company in residence during June,cms.skidmore.edu/news/news.cfm?passID=860, Scope Online, Skidmore College, 14 July 2014, dead,cms.skidmore.edu/news/news.cfm?passID=860," title="web.archive.org/web/20121010000908cms.skidmore.edu/news/news.cfm?passID=860,">web.archive.org/web/20121010000908cms.skidmore.edu/news/news.cfm?passID=860, 10 October 2012, Many of the great 20th and 21st century modern dancers and choreographers began at the Martha Graham Dance Company including: Merce Cunningham, Erick Hawkins, Pearl Lang, Pascal Rioult, Miriam Pandor, Anna Sokolow, and Paul Taylor. The repertoire of 181 works also includes guest performances from Mikhail Baryshnikov, Claire Bloom, Margot Fonteyn, Liza Minnelli, Rudolf Nureyev, Maya Plisetskaya, and Kathleen Turner.

Past

Location and inception

(File:MarthaGrahamPlaque.jpg|thumb|On June 9th 2013, The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation unveiled this plaque at 66 Fifth Avenue where Graham had her studio in the 1930s and 40s.)Graham began teaching in her studio at 66 Fifth Avenue, near 13th Street, and at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York. Here she taught her special dance technique to the women who would become the first members of her dance company. They would practice new works for nine months and then give recitals in New York and abroad. During the years of 1938 and 1939, men joined the troupe. Later on, financial troubles would plague the company. At these times, Graham was supported by individual patrons. One of the contributors, Mrs. Wallace, made it possible for the Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance find its current home at 316 East 63d Street.WEB, Kisselgoff, Anna, Martha Graham Dies at 96; A Revolutionary in Dance,www.nytimes.com/1991/04/02/obituaries/martha-graham-dies-at-96-a-revolutionary-in-dance.html?pagewanted=1, New York Times, 14 July 2014,

Early works

Many of Graham’s early works were austere. She designed her own costumes and neglected scenery. In 1930, she choreographed “Lamentation”, a piece in which the dancer’s expressed emotion is aided by the Graham’s choice in fabric. There are two major themes present in Graham’s work: Amerindian experience and Greek mythology. Her work “Primitive Mysteries”, choreographed in 1931, was created after her visit to the American Southwest, and is a re-enactment of the ritual in honor of the Virgin Mary. It is set in three movements: the first movement is based around the birth of Jesus, the second Jesus’ crucifixion, and the third Mary going to heaven.Her work “Frontier” is the first piece she created with scenery: a fence and two ropes. It was a female solo that premiered in 1935 with music by Horst.Her company was all female until she created her first male-female duet in 1938, “American Document”. In the movement entitled ‘Puritan Episode’ she danced with her future husband, Erick Hawkins. Hawkins became her lead male dancer for the company and her frequent dance partner. The two danced together in her most famous Americana piece “Appalachian Spring”. The piece premiered in 1944, set to music by Aaron Copland.Au, Susan. Ballet and Modern Dance. 2nd ed. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2002. Print

After Graham’s death

After Graham’s death the company ran into financial and legal troubles. In her will, Graham left her legacy to Ron Protas giving him all rights to her choreography. His dispute with the Board of Directors came in the midst of financial troubles and talks of closing down the dance center. Protas responded by refusing to allow the company to perform Graham’s works.WEB, Peters, Andrea, Financial problems close the Martha Graham dance center in New York City,www.wsws.org/en/articles/2000/06/grah-j17.html, World Socialist Web Site, 17 June 2000, International Committee of the Fourth International, 14 July 2014, This legal battle was fueled by the company’s recent dry spell. Public funding had been cut for a few decades, but after Graham’s death, private investors began holding out as well. The company performed on and off for the next decade. In 2000, the company canceled performances for the year and came close to bankruptcy.WEB, Carvajal, Doreen, Bitter Standoff Imperils a Cherished Dance Legacy,www.nytimes.com/2000/07/06/arts/bitter-standoff-imperils-a-cherished-dance-legacy.html?pagewanted=1, New York Times, 14 July 2014, By 2004, the company began to perform again after two supreme court cases with Ron Protas, both of which the company won.WEB, Lee, Felicia, Graham Legacy, On the Stage Again,www.nytimes.com/2004/09/29/arts/dance/29grah.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1405366071-U0GOn5nDqGRojB3Uw53DzA&, New York Times, 14 July 2014,

Present

Performances

The Martha Graham Dance Company continues to both perform Graham’s works and create new ones based on the technique she developed. Early works are a part of the “long woolen period” and include works such as “Primitive Mysteries” and “El Penitente”. Later, Graham turned to America for inspiration and created works such as “American Document”, “American Provincials”, “Appalachian Spring”, “Letter to the World” and “Salem Shore”. Later she turned to Hebrew and Greek mythology for “Cave of the Heart”, “Night Journey”, “Errand Into the Maze”, “Judith”, “The Witch of Endor”, “Phaedra” and “Clytemnestra”. Her later works reflected her retirement as they stopped including a main heroine and focused on more abstract concepts. All of these works are still included in the company’s repertoire and are occasionally performed.WEB, Kisselgoff, Anna, Martha Graham Dies at 96; A Revolutionary in Dance,www.nytimes.com/1991/04/02/obituaries/martha-graham-dies-at-96-a-revolutionary-in-dance.html?pagewanted=1, New York Times, 14 July 2014,

Current company

In 2005, Janet Eilber became Artistic Director and Denise Vale took the position of Senior Artistic Associate.In 2015,principal dancers included:Tadej Brdnik,PeiJu Chien-Pott,Carrie Ellmore-Tallitsch, Lloyd Knight, Mariya Dashkina Madduxand Blakeley White-McGuire.Soloists include:Abdiel Jacobsen,Ben Schultz andXiaoChuan Xie.Dancers include:Natasha M. Diamond-Walker,Charlotte Landreau,Lloyd Mayor,Ari Mayzick,Lauren Newman,Lorenzo Pagano,Lucy Postell andYing Xin.WEB, Company Bios,marthagraham.org/the-martha-graham-dance-company/company-bios/, Martha Graham, Martha Graham Company, 17 March 2015,marthagraham.org/the-martha-graham-dance-company/company-bios/," title="web.archive.org/web/20150315051916marthagraham.org/the-martha-graham-dance-company/company-bios/,">web.archive.org/web/20150315051916marthagraham.org/the-martha-graham-dance-company/company-bios/, 15 March 2015, dead, In recent years, Eilber has invited contemporary choreographers to contribute short pieces inspired by Graham’s “Lamentations” (1930). Participating artists include Yvonne Rainer, Lar Lubovitch, Liz Gerring, Richard Move, and Aszure Barton.WEB,www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/arts/dance/martha-graham-dance-tackles-new-versions-of-lamentation.html?_r=0, From a fount of grief, endless invention, Seibert, Brian, January 23, 2015, The New York Times,

Notable former dancers

• Terese CapucilliNEWS, Schaefer, Brian, 2017-08-25, Terese Capucilli to Be Feted at Fini International Dance Festival, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/arts/dance/terese-capucilli-to-be-feted-at-fini-international-dance-festival.html, 2023-06-08, 0362-4331,
• PeiJu Chien-PottNEWS, Huang, Timothy, Kao, Evelyn, 20 March 2016, PeiJu Chien-Pott set to bid farewell to Martha Graham dance troupe, Central News Agency,focustaiwan.tw/news/aedu/201603200015.aspx,
• Christine DakinNEWS, Dunning, Jennifer, 1989-10-15, Review/Dance; Christine Dakin in Martha Graham’s ‘Maze’, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/1989/10/15/arts/review-dance-christine-dakin-in-martha-graham-s-maze.html, 2023-06-08, 0362-4331,
• Irene EmeryNEWS, May 27, 1981, Irene Emery, 81, Retired Official Of Textile Museum, The Washington Post,www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1981/05/27/irene-emery-81-retired-official-of-textile-museum/f1b33052-2a15-4165-8f77-2bd35e8f0c9f/,
• Masha Dashkina Maddux
• Virginie MécèneNEWS, Kisselgoff, Anna, 2004-04-21, DANCE REVIEW; A Call to Arms, but Against War, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2004/04/21/arts/dance-review-a-call-to-arms-but-against-war.html, 2023-06-08, 0362-4331, NEWS, Anderson, Jack, 2003-02-01, DANCE REVIEW; Martha Graham’s Eerie Visions of War, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2003/02/01/arts/dance-review-martha-graham-s-eerie-visions-of-war.html, 2023-06-08, 0362-4331,
• Ron ProtasMAGAZINE, February 9, 2003, The Martha Graham Dance Company returns to New York.,www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/02/17/early-spring, The New Yorker,www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/02/17/030217crda_dancing
• Blakeley White-McGuireNEWS, Kourlas, Gia, 2007-09-21, Fleshing Out the Art of Martha Graham, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2007/09/21/arts/dance/21grah.html, 2022-06-09, 0362-4331,

See also

• Martha Graham
• Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• Official Website
• marthagraham.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MarthaGraham2005.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20160303234822marthagraham.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MarthaGraham2005.pdf">Martha Graham Dance Company Study Guide
• New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
• Library of Congress
• www.danceheritage.org/{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• NYTimes Archives
• PBS American Masters
• www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=offsiteDetails&entity_id=9331&source_type=O" title="web.archive.org/web/20140701085040www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=offsiteDetails&entity_id=9331&source_type=O">Kennedy Center Honors

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