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{{confuse|Magdalene Bridge}}{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}

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}}Magdalen Bridge {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɔː|d|l|ᵻ|n}} spans the divided stream of the River Cherwell just to the east of the City of Oxford, England, and next to Magdalen College, whence it gets its name and pronunciation.BOOK, The Encyclopaedia of Oxford, Macmillan Publishers, Macmillan, Magdalen Bridge, 1988, 230, 0-333-39917-X, Hibbert, Christopher, Christopher Hibbert, It connects the High Street to the west with The Plain, now a roundabout, to the east.

Antecedents

This point of the Cherwell has been used for crossing since ancient times. The first known reference to a bridge goes back to 1004 and originally it was probably a wooden trestle construction or a drawbridge.Jaine, T.W.M. (1971). The building of Magdalen Bridge, 1772–1790 (PDF), Oxoniensia xxxvi, p.59. By the 16th century a late medieval stone bridge had replaced the wooden one. This bridge was about {{convert|1500|ft}} long and was formed by 20 arches.Steane, John (1997). Medieval Bridges in Oxfordshire {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304191650weblink |date=4 March 2011 }}, Vale and Downland Museum, Wantage, UK. Local History Series, p.5.By the 1770s, the stone bridge was too narrow for the increasing traffic, as it did not allow two vehicles crossing safely. In addition to this, the structure was becoming unsound due to the combination of two factors: a generalized lack of maintenance and the negative effects of regular flooding. Eventually some of the arches of the western side collapsed during the floods of February 1772, making the bridge irreparable.Jaine, T.W.M. (1971). The building of Magdalen Bridge, 1772–1790 (PDF), Oxoniensia xxxvi, p.60&61.

The new bridge

(File:Magdalen Bridge central elliptical arch.jpg|thumb|left|Upstream view of the central area of the bridge, including the elliptical arch.)The present stone bridge was designed by John Gwynn of Shrewsbury with a similar length to the previous one. It has a total of 11 arches of different dimensions distributed as follows. For each of the two branches of the river there are three large semicircular arches plus two smaller ones at each side of the river, originally designed for the towpaths. A central elliptical arch, the only existing in the long central area across the island, completes the structure. This arch only conveys water when the island gets submerged. The original plans of the bridge are in the British Library, 1802 c.17, vol.2, and King's Maps xxxvi, 33 (1).Colvin, Howard (2008). A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600-1840, Yale University Press, p.461, {{ISBN|978-0-300-12508-5}}.The bridge, built between 1772 and 1790 by John Randall, originally had a width of {{convert|27|ft}}, which accommodated a single roadway and two pavements. Although the bridge was opened to traffic by the end of 1778, a new scheme for the balustrade and the completion of the south western corner were not finished until 1782 and 1790 respectively.Jaine, T.W.M. (1971). The building of Magdalen Bridge, 1772–1790, Oxoniensia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324165308weblink |date=2010-03-24 }} xxxvi, p.70.Gwynn's original design included an extravagant decoration for the balustrade with sculptures and sphinxes that were commissioned to Henry Webber in 1778 but eventually abandoned in 1782.Jaine, T.W.M. (1971). The building of Magdalen Bridge, 1772–1790, Oxoniensia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324165308weblink |date=2010-03-24 }} xxxvi, p.69. According to Pevsner, the bridge has "good sturdy balusters", although these have been replaced over the years because of degradation due to pollution.Sherwood, Jennifer and Pevsner, Sir Nikolaus B.L. (1974). The Buildings of England: Oxfordshire, Penguin Books, p.311, {{ISBN|0-14-071045-0}}.Despite opposition from University members, the bridge was widened in 1882 to accommodate a four-foot gauge track for the tramway.Skinner, Annie (2005). Cowley Road. A history, Signal Books, p.61. {{ISBN|1-904955-10-X}}. The 18th-century bridge was widened by {{convert|20|ft}} on the south side, but design was retained.

May Morning

File:Magdalen bridge.jpg|thumb|right|Punting at Magdalen Bridge.]]The bridge is the scene of large crowds every 1 May early in the morning for the traditional May Morning celebrations in Oxford. There has been a recent tradition of students to jump off the bridge, despite the danger of injury due to low water levels in the Cherwell. In some years many jumpers have been injured and, in order to avoid this, the bridge is now routinely closed on May Morning.WEB, Five in hospital over bridge jump,weblink BBC, 2005-05-02, 2009-04-21, WEB, May Day bridge closure defended,weblink BBC, 2009-04-21, 2009-04-21,

Literature

Magdalen Bridge was mentioned by John Betjeman (1906–1984) in his poetry:BOOK, Frank, Delaney, Frank Delaney, Betjeman Country, Paladin Books, Granada Publishing, 1985, Oxford, 74, 978-0-586-08499-1, It is also mentioned in the 1911 novel Zuleika Dobson by Max Beerbohm (1872–1956).BOOK, Zuleika Dobson, Max, Beerbohm, Max Beerbohm,weblink Project Gutenberg, 1911, 30 July 2022,

Gallery

File:Boat rentals by Magdalen Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1419179.jpg|Boat station by Magdalen Bridge.File:Pedalo punts, Magdalen Bridge, Oxford - geograph.org.uk - 247832.jpg|Punts at Magdalen Bridge by the Botanic Gardens.File:Snow Magdalen Bridge.jpg|View of Magdalen Bridge in the snow.File:MCS tunnel.JPG|Choristers' tunnel under Magdalen Bridge running from Magdalen College School to the Waynflete Building of Magdalen College.

References

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External links

{{commons category|Magdalen Bridge}}

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060315235732weblink">Magdalen Bridge, Oxford
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20051217225742weblink">Magdalen Bridge Boathouse
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060319064223weblink">Restrictions on Magdalen Bridge by Tom Pinnock, The Oxford Student, 2004