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{{Short description|Underground visual art movement}}

factoids

Lowbrow, or lowbrow art, is an underground visual art movement that arose in the Los Angeles, California area in the late 1960s.Magliozzi (2009). It is a populist art movement with its cultural roots in underground comix, punk music, tiki culture, graffiti, and hot-rod cultures of the street.{{sfnp|Martinez|2015}} It is also often known by the name pop surrealism.{{sfnp|Kordic|2016}} Lowbrow art often has a sense of humor – sometimes the humor is gleeful, impish, or a sarcastic comment.{{sfnp|Esaak|c. 2005}}Most lowbrow artworks are paintings, but there are also toys, digital art, and sculpture.

History

Some of the first artists to create what came to be known as lowbrow art were underground cartoonists like Robert Williams and Gary Panter. Barry McGee, Margaret Kilgallen, Dan "Plasma" Rauch and Camilla Elke were amongst the first to pioneer Lowbrow as a street art, zine, fashion, graffiti, and counter culture movement. The purpose of the lowbrow movement was to take an unorthodox approach to art and to completely defy its "rules". This resulted in pushback from significant individuals and organizations in the art industry.WEB, 2020-04-21, Lowbrow Art, Subcultural Movement or Legitimate Art Generation?,weblink 2022-02-04, DailyArt Magazine, en-US, Early shows were in alternative galleries in New York and Los Angeles such as Psychedelic Solutions Gallery in Greenwich Village, New York City which was run by Jacaeber Kastor,{{sfnp|Douglas|2012}} La Luz de Jesus run by Billy Shire{{sfn|LaLuzDeJesus.com (n.d.)}} and 01 gallery in Hollywood, run by John Pochna.{{sfnp|Douglas|2012}} The movement steadily grew from its beginning, with hundreds of artists adopting this style. As the number of artists grew, so did the number of galleries showing lowbrow. In 1992 Greg Escalante helped orchestrate the first formal gallery exhibition to take lowbrow art seriously; painter Anthony Ausgang's solo show "Looney Virtues” at the Julie Rico Gallery in Santa Monica. The Bess Cutler Gallery also went on to show important artists and helped expand the kind of art that was classified as lowbrow. The lowbrow magazine Juxtapoz, launched in 1994 by Robert Williams, Greg Escalante, and Eric Swenson, has been a mainstay of writing on lowbrow art and has helped shape and expand the movement.{{sfnp|Givens|2013|p=1}}

Etymology

In an article in the February 2006 issue of his magazine Juxtapoz, Robert Williams took credit for originating the term "lowbrow art". He stated that in 1979 Gilbert Shelton of the publisher Rip Off Press decided to produce a book featuring Willams' paintings. Williams said he decided to give the book the self-deprecating title The Lowbrow Art of Robt. Williams, since no authorized art institution would recognize his type of art. "Lowbrow" was thus used by Williams in opposition to "highbrow". He said the name then stuck, even though he feels it is inappropriate. Williams refers to the movement as "cartoon-tainted abstract surrealism."{{sfnp|Williams|c. 2007}} Lately, Williams has begun referring to his own work as "Conceptual Realism".{{sfnp|Williams|2010}}

• Anthony Ausgang
• Mark Ryden
• Robert Williams
• Corrie Erickson
• Camille Rose Garcia
• Shag
• Todd Schorr
• Greg Simkins
• Amy Sol
• Kenny Scharf
• Steven Cerio
• Ray Caesar
• Esao Andrews
• Marion Peck
• Tara McPherson
• Sunny Buick
• Peca
• Audrey Kawasaki
• Jason Limón
• Victor Castillo
• Miss Van
• Joe Vaux
• Brandi Milne
• Dennis Larkins
• Lola Gil
• Martin Wittfooth
• Hannah Yata
• Gregory Jacobsen
• Naoto Hattori
• Dan Quintana
• Gregory Hergert
• Renee French
• Travis Lampe
• Tim Biskup
• Mark Rogers
• Gary Baseman
• Mark Bryan
• Ciou
• Van Arno

Books

There are several books which offer overview histories of lowbrow, including the following:

• BOOK, Mauro, Tropeano, 2020, Lowbrow Art / Pop Surrealism (Le Origini / La Storia), Blurb, 9781715775650,
• BOOK, Billy, Shire, 2011, La Luz de Jesus 25, 9780867197648, Last Gasp (publisher), Last Gasp, A collection of La Luz de Jesus Gallery in Hollywood, CA that has carried Lowbrow art for 25 years.
• BOOK, Kirsten, Anderson, 2004, Pop Surrealism: The Rise of Underground Art, 0867196181, Last Gasp (publisher), Last Gasp, Robert, Williams, Carlo, McCormick, Larry, Reid,
• BOOK, Matt Dukes, Jordan, 2005, Weirdo Deluxe: The Wild World of Pop Surrealism and Lowbrow Art, Chronicle Books, 9780811842419,
• BOOK, Aaron, Rose, Christian, Strike, Alex, Baker, 2004, Beautiful Losers: Contemporary Art and Street Culture, 1891024744, Iconoclast,
• BOOK, Sherri, Cullison, 2002, Vicious, Delicious, and Ambitious: 20th Century Women Artists, 0764316346, Schiffer Pub. Limited,

Magazines

• Juxtapoz
• PORK (magazine)
• Beautiful/Decay Magazine
• Tokion is a magazine with both Japanese and US editions.
• Hi-Fructose
• Beautiful Bizarre Magazine
• Hey Magazine

See also

• Chicago Imagists
• Decadent movement
• Dieselpunk
• Kitsch
• Kustom Kulture
• Massurrealism{{sfnp|Lindall|2006|p=168}}
• Middlebrow
• Naive art
• Outsider art
• Stuckism
• Superflat
• Tiki culture
• Underground art

References

Citations

{{Reflist|20em}}

Sources

• WEB,weblink An Introduction to Lowbrow Art and Pop Surrealism, Douglas, Beth, 2012-03-28, Redbubble.com, Melbourne, Australia,weblink 2018-12-16, live, 2018-12-16, mdy-all,

• WEB,weblink The Lowbrow Movement: Art History 101 Basics, Esaak, Shelley, c. 2005, ThoughtCo.com, New York, NY,weblink 2018-04-14, live, 2018-12-15, mdy-all,

• THESIS, Givens, Joseph R., May 2013, Lowbrow art : the unlikely defender of art history's tradition, MA, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, etd-04132013-151026,weblinkweblink 2018-12-16, live, 2018-12-16, mdy-all,

• WEB,weblink What is the Lowbrow Art Movement? When Surrealism Took Over Pop, Kordic, Angie, 2016-07-04, Widewalls.ch, London, England,weblink 2016-07-09, live, 2018-12-16, mdy-all,

• WEB,weblink La Luz De Jesus: About, n.d., LaLuzDeJesus.com, Los Angeles, CA,weblink 2018-11-30, live, 2018-12-15, mdy-all, {{harvid, LaLuzDeJesus.com (n.d.), }}

• MAGAZINE, Lindall, Terrance, March 2006, What's New In the Surreal World - Surrealism isn't Dead, It's Dreaming,weblink Art & Antiques, Wilmington, NC, Art & Antiques Worldwide Media, LLC, 2018-12-16, mdy-all,

• WEB,weblink From Pop Surrealism to Lowbrow - Something Got Lost in Translation, Martinez, Ricardo, 2015-12-05, Widewalls.ch, London, England,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151211215419weblink">weblink 2015-12-11, live, 2018-12-16, mdy-all,

• Magliozzi, Ron. "Tim Burton: Exercising the Imagination." Tim Burton. The Museum of Modern Art, 2009, pp. 9-15.

• INTERVIEW, Williams, Roberts, Robert Williams (artist), Molly Barnes, Molly Barnes Art News, KCSN, Los Angeles, CA, 2010-02-07, mdy-all,

• WEB,weblink Robert Williams Essay - beinArt Surreal Art Collective, Williams, Robert, c. 2007, beinArt.org, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080509085309weblink">weblink 2008-05-09, mdy-all,

External links

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080725103704weblink">Interview with Kirsten Anderson, editor of Pop Surrealism
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061017052726weblink">2005 L.A. Weekly article on lowbrow

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