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Leszno
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{{other places|Leszno (disambiguation)}}







factoids
Baroque St. Nicholas Church| image2 = Leszno Town hall 2022.jpg{{!}}Baroque City Hall| image3 = Leszno, Stary Rynek-pierzeja wschodnia.jpg{{!}}Stary Rynek (Old Market Square)}}
From top, left to right: St. Nicholas' ChurchStary Rynek (Old Market Square)}}| image_flag = POL Leszno flag.svg| image_shield = POL Leszno COA.svg| image_blank_emblem = LOGO LESZNO.svg| blank_emblem_type = Brandmark| motto = "Leszno — rozwiń skrzydła""Leszno — spread your wings"| pushpin_map = Poland| pushpin_label_position = top51451650region:PL|display=title,inline}}List of sovereign states>Country| subdivision_name = {{POL}}Voivodeships of Poland>VoivodeshipGreater Poland Voivodeship|name=Greater Poland}}Powiat>County| subdivision_name2 = city county| established_title = First mentioned| established_date = 1393| established_title3 = City rights| established_date3 = 1547| leader_title = City mayorNonpartisan Local Government Activists>BS)| area_total_km2 = 31.9| population_as_of = 31 December 2021ACCESS-DATE=16 AUGUST 2022, Statistics Poland, Data for territorial unit 3063000.| population_density_km2 = autoCentral European Time>CET| utc_offset = +1Central European Summer Time>CEST| utc_offset_DST = +2| postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = 64-100 to 64-110| area_code = +48 065Polish car number plates>Car plates| blank_info = PLweblink}}}}Leszno ({{IPA|pl|ˈlɛʂnɔ}}, ,{{efn|Also called as opposed to Deutsch Lissa.|name=germanname}} {{IPA|de|ˈlɪsa|}}) is a historic city in western Poland, seat of Leszno County within the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is the seventh-largest city in the province with an estimated population of 62,200, as of 2021.

History

Early history

The city's unrecorded history dates to the 13th century. It was first mentioned in historical documents in 1393, when the estate was the property of a noble named Stefan Karnin-Wieniawa. The family eventually adopted the name Leszczyński (literal meaning "of Leszno"), derived from the name of their estate, as was the custom among the Polish nobility.NEWS,weblink Historia miejscowości, 15 April 2020,

16th–18th centuries

(File:Leszno, pałac Sułkowskich.jpg|thumb|left|Sułkowski Palace)In around 1516, a community of Protestants known as the Unity of the Brethren (Unitas fratrum) were expelled from the Bohemian lands by King Vladislaus II and settled in Leszno. They were invited by the Leszczyński family, imperial counts since 1473 and who had converted to Calvinism. The arrival of the Bohemian Protestants, in addition to weavers from nearby Silesia, helped the settlement to grow.In 1547 it became a town by a privilege according to Magdeburg Law granted by King Sigismund I of Poland. Leszno was a private town, administratively located in the Wschowa County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.BOOK, Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany, 2017, pl, Warszawa, Instytut Historii Polish Academy of Sciences, Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1a, Leszno became the largest printing center in Greater Poland thanks to the activity of the Protestant community. Their numbers grew with the inflow of refugees from Silesia, Bohemia, and Moravia during the Thirty Years War.In 1631, Leszno was vested with further privileges by King Sigismund III Vasa, who made it equal with the most important cities of Poland such as Kraków, Gdańsk and Warsaw. By the 17th century, the town had a renowned Gymnasium (school), which was headed by Jan Amos Komenský (known in English as Comenius), an educator and the last bishop of the Unity of the Brethren.NEWS,weblink Leszno - miasto niebanalne, 15 April 2020, Johann Heermann, a German-speaking poet, lived in Leszno from 1638 until his death in 1647. Between 1636 and 1639, the town became fortified and its area increased.The era of Leszno's prosperity and cultural prominence ended during the Second Northern War, when the town was burnt down on 28 April 1656 by Swedish forces. Quickly rebuilt afterwards, it was set on fire again during the Great Northern War by Russian forces in 1707 and was ravaged by plague in 1709.The Leszczyński family owned the city until 1738, when King Stanislaus I Leszczynski sold it to Aleksander Józef Sułkowski following his abdication. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through Leszno in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route.WEB,weblink Informacja historyczna, Dresden-Warszawa, 10 October 2020, pl,

19th–20th centuries

(File:Przyjaciel Ludu 23-10-1841.png|thumb|left|upright|Przyjaciel Ludu, 19th-century Polish press from Leszno)In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Leszno was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, within which it was referred to as Lissa. In 1807 it was taken by Napoleon's Grand Armee and included within the newly established but short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw.Following Napoleon's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815 the town was reannexed by Prussia, initially as part of the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen. The town was subjected to Germanisation policies. Nevertheless, Polish press was issued in the town ((:pl:Przyjaciel Ludu (Leszno 1834–1849)|Przyjaciel Ludu)) and in the 1840s, Polish historian, geographer and former officer Stanisław Plater published the {{ill|Mała Encyklopedia Polska|pl}} ("Little Polish Encyclopedia"), one of the pioneering 19th-century Polish encyclopedias, in the town. In 1871 it became part of Germany, and in 1887, it became the administrative seat of the Prussian Kreis Lissa.(File:PB29 – Grenzschutz – Lissa – Bahnhof – 2.jpg|thumb|upright|German armored train in the station during Grenzschutz in 1919.)After World War I, in November 1918, Poland regained independence. Shortly after the Greater Poland Uprising of 1918–19 broke out, attempting to reintegrate Greater Poland and Leszno with Poland. The first local battles of the uprising took place in the area on December 28, 1918.WEB,weblink Leszno (miasto powiatowe i powiat grodzki), Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 10 October 2020, pl, Afterward the city became part of the newly established Second Polish Republic under the Treaty of Versailles, with effect from 17 January 1920. The local populace had to acquire Polish citizenship. In the interbellum, Leszno was a county seat within the Polish Poznań Voivodeship. In 1924, a monument dedicated to the Polish insurgents of 1918–19 was erected.

World War II

(File:Execution of Poles by German Einsatzkommando Oktober 1939.jpg|thumb|German execution of Poles in Leszno in October 1939)During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was annexed by Nazi Germany and incorporated into Reichsgau Wartheland. The Germans carried out mass arrests of Poles accused of "anti-German activities". Attending church services and having private meetings in Polish households were considered suspect activities.BOOK, Wardzyńska, Maria, 2009, Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, pl, Warszawa, Institute of National Remembrance, IPN, 116–117, A prison for Poles was established in the local monastery, where more than 200 people had already been imprisoned in September 1939 during the Intelligenzaktion.Wardzyńska (2009), p. 117 The Polish population was expelled to the General Government (German-occupied central Poland).Most of the town's Jewish population (which had included such notable rabbis as Leo Baeck and Jacob of Lissa, as well as the writer Ludwig Kalisch) and the remaining Poles were massacred by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen, which entered the town in September 1939.Wardzyńska (2009), pp. 57, 60 A notable public execution of 20 Poles, members of the "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society, former Polish insurgents of 1918–19, a local teacher, and a lawyer, was carried out in Leszno by the Einsatzgruppe VI on October 21, 1939.Wardzyńska (2009), pp. 196-197 Poles who were initially imprisoned in Leszno were also murdered in nearby towns and villages of Poniec, Osieczna, Włoszakowice and Rydzyna.Wardzyńska (2009), pp. 198, 201 Poles from Leszno were also among the victims of the large Katyn massacre committed by the Russians in April–May 1940.WEB,weblink 77 rocznica Zbrodni Katyńskiej, Służba Więzienna, Wojciech Bininda, 27 March 2021, pl, File:2006-09 Leszno 07.jpg|thumb|Memorial to the members of the Polish Scouting AssociationPolish Scouting AssociationAlready in late 1939, the Germans expelled over 1,000 Poles, including families of Poles murdered in various massacres, in addition teachers, local officials, activists, former insurgents, and owners of shops and workshops, which were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.BOOK, Wardzyńska, Maria, 2017, Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945, pl, Warszawa, Institute of National Remembrance, IPN, 164, 978-83-8098-174-4, A transit camp for Poles expelled from various nearby settlements was established in the local school. Poles were held there several days, their money, valuables and food were confiscated, and then they were either deported to Tomaszów Mazowiecki or Łódź in German-occupied central Poland or sent to local German colonists or to Germany as slave labour.Wardzyńska (2017), pp. 164, 210-211, 276Despite such circumstances, local Poles organized an underground resistance movement, which included the Ogniwo and Świt organizations, the secret youth organization Tajna Siódemka and structures of the Polish Underground State.MAGAZINE, Pietrowicz, Aleksandra, 2011, Konspiracja wielkopolska 1939–1945, Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, pl, IPN, 5–6 (126–127), 33, 36, 1641-9561, Polish underground press was printed in Leszno.BOOK, Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945, 1998, Poznań, pl, Instytut Zachodni, 96, 83-85003-97-5, The German occupation ended in 1945, and the town returned to Poland.

Post-war history

The pre-war monument of the Greater Poland insurgents was restored in 1957. The town underwent a period of fast development especially between 1975 and 1998 when it was a seat of a voivodeship administrative area.WEB,weblink Ustawa z dnia 28 maja 1975 r. o dwustopniowym podziale administracyjnym Państwa oraz o zmianie ustawy o radach narodowych., prawo.sejm.gov.pl, 2019-02-14, In 1991, a monument to the Constitution of 3 May 1791 and the heroes of the fights for Poland's independence was unveiled, and in 1995, a memorial to the victims of the Katyn massacre was unveiled.WEB,weblink Leszno - Pomnik Ofiar Katynia, PolskaNiezwykla.pl, 27 March 2021, pl, From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship. In 2000, the city was awarded "The Golden Star of Town Twinning" prize by the European Commission.NEWS,weblink Summary of applications for the Europe Prize and the Plaque of Honour for 2006, 15 April 2020,

Climate

Leszno has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) although notably with warm summer continental characteristics (Dfb), typical of inland west and south polish.WEB,weblink Leszno, Poland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase), Weatherbase, 2019-11-21, WEB,weblink Leszno Climate, Climate-data.org, November 20, 2019, {{Weather box | location = Leszno (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1958–present)| metric first = y| single line = y| Jan record high C = 16.9| Feb record high C = 20.4| Mar record high C = 24.0| Apr record high C = 30.0| May record high C = 31.6| Jun record high C = 37.6| Jul record high C = 37.0| Aug record high C = 37.8| Sep record high C = 34.9| Oct record high C = 27.5| Nov record high C = 20.1| Dec record high C = 16.6| year record high C = 37.8| Jan high C = 2.5| Feb high C = 4.2| Mar high C = 8.5| Apr high C = 15.1| May high C = 19.7| Jun high C = 23.1| Jul high C = 25.4| Aug high C = 25.1| Sep high C = 19.8| Oct high C = 13.8| Nov high C = 7.6| Dec high C = 3.6| year high C = 14.0| Jan mean C = -0.3| Feb mean C = 0.6| Mar mean C = 3.9| Apr mean C = 9.2| May mean C = 13.8| Jun mean C = 17.2| Jul mean C = 19.3| Aug mean C = 18.9| Sep mean C = 14.2| Oct mean C = 9.1| Nov mean C = 4.3| Dec mean C = 0.9| year mean C = 9.3| Jan low C = -3.2| Feb low C = -2.7| Mar low C = -0.2| Apr low C = 3.4| May low C = 7.8| Jun low C = 11.1| Jul low C = 13.2| Aug low C = 13.1| Sep low C = 9.2| Oct low C = 5.1| Nov low C = 1.4| Dec low C = -1.8| year low C = 4.7| Jan record low C = -28.8| Feb record low C = -26.9| Mar record low C = -24.4| Apr record low C = -7.4| May record low C = -4.3| Jun record low C = -1.4| Jul record low C = 2.2| Aug record low C = 0.8| Sep record low C = -3.3| Oct record low C = -8.0| Nov record low C = -15.8| Dec record low C = -25.5| year record low C = -28.8| precipitation colour = green| Jan precipitation mm = 35.5| Feb precipitation mm = 31.3| Mar precipitation mm = 39.8| Apr precipitation mm = 28.8| May precipitation mm = 53.6| Jun precipitation mm = 57.6| Jul precipitation mm = 77.5| Aug precipitation mm = 70.4| Sep precipitation mm = 46.5| Oct precipitation mm = 38.2| Nov precipitation mm = 34.4| Dec precipitation mm = 35.7| year precipitation mm = 549.2| Jan snow depth cm = 4.0| Feb snow depth cm = 4.6| Mar snow depth cm = 2.5| Apr snow depth cm = 0.6| May snow depth cm = 0.0| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0| Oct snow depth cm = 0.2| Nov snow depth cm = 1.5| Dec snow depth cm = 3.6| year snow depth cm = | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm| Jan precipitation days = 17.13| Feb precipitation days = 14.60| Mar precipitation days = 14.03| Apr precipitation days = 10.83| May precipitation days = 13.23| Jun precipitation days = 13.00| Jul precipitation days = 14.17| Aug precipitation days = 13.10| Sep precipitation days = 11.60| Oct precipitation days = 13.83| Nov precipitation days = 14.73| Dec precipitation days = 17.63| year precipitation days = 167.90| unit snow days = 0 cm| Jan snow days = 12.7| Feb snow days = 11.8| Mar snow days = 4.9| Apr snow days = 0.7| May snow days = 0.0| Jun snow days = 0.0| Jul snow days = 0.0| Aug snow days = 0.0| Sep snow days = 0.0| Oct snow days = 0.1| Nov snow days = 2.3| Dec snow days = 8.2| year snow days = 40.7| Jan humidity = 86.7| Feb humidity = 83.3| Mar humidity = 78.0| Apr humidity = 69.6| May humidity = 70.8| Jun humidity = 71.3| Jul humidity = 70.8| Aug humidity = 71.4| Sep humidity = 78.3| Oct humidity = 83.7| Nov humidity = 88.7| Dec humidity = 88.2| year humidity = 78.4| Jan sun = 53.9| Feb sun = 76.2| Mar sun = 123.9| Apr sun = 204.1| May sun = 245.0| Jun sun = 246.9| Jul sun = 255.1| Aug sun = 244.0| Sep sun = 165.1| Oct sun = 113.3| Nov sun = 58.5| Dec sun = 43.2| year sun = 1829.4| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water ManagementWEB,weblink 3 December 2021,weblink Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 9 January 2022,weblink Miesięczna suma opadu, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 21 January 2022,weblink Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h), Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, | source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)WEB,weblink Leszno Absolutna temperatura maksymalna, Meteomodel.pl, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink Leszno Absolutna temperatura minimalna, Meteomodel.pl, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink Leszno Średnia wilgotność, Meteomodel.pl, pl, 5 February 2022, }}

Sport

(File:PL Leszno Kamieniczka Wieniawa.JPG|thumb|220x220px|Historic tenements on the main square)File:SM Leszno Kościół NMP Wniebowziętej 2018 (0).jpg|thumb|right|220px|Saint Mary Church, former CalvinistCalvinist(File:Leszno,ulica Słowiańska.jpg|thumb|220px|Słowiańska Street)(File:Poczta Leszno Słowiańska.jpg|thumb|220px|Main Post Office)(File:Leszno, kostel svatého kříže, náhrobky V.jpg|thumb|220px|Tombs and epitaphs around the Holy Cross Church) The Leszno motorcycle club was founded on May 8, 1938. The club was re-established May 2, 1946 after World War II. On July 28, 1949 the Leszno motorcycle club changed its name to Unia Leszno Speedway Club. Some rules and regulations were revised as well. The Unia Leszno has been a very successful club that has won many awards and medals throughout the years. The Unia Leszno Speedway Club has won over 78 different medals since the formation of the club. The Leszno Aero Club is the largest airfield in the Wielkopolska area. The Aero Club belongs to the Polish Aero Club central gliding school. The Aero Club in Leszno hosted the world gliding championship in 1958, 1969, and 2003. It is the only place that has done so. The Aero Club also has a pilot school called the Central Gliding school. The school has been around for over 50 years and was managed by pilot Irena Kempówna in the 1950s and 1960s.WEB, Ś,weblink 2022-11-12, www.nasza-gazetka.com, The Klub Sportowy Polonia Leszno was formed in 1912 in Leszno. It is an indoor soccer field. The first President of the club was Marcin Giera. The club did not gain much popularity until after World War II when official teams started playing there. Prior to World War I most of the people that played there were locals.

Education

Primary schools

  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 1
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 2
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 3
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 4
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 5
  • Zespół Szkół Specjalnych Nr 6
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 7
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 8
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 9
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 10
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 12
  • SzkoÅ‚a Podstawowa Nr 13

Secondary schools

  • Liceum OgólnoksztaÅ‚cÄ…ce Nr 1 weblink
  • Liceum OgólnoksztaÅ‚cÄ…ce Nr 2 weblink
  • Liceum OgólnoksztaÅ‚cÄ…ce Nr 3
  • Liceum OgólnoksztaÅ‚cÄ…ce Nr 4
  • Prywatne Liceum OgólnoksztaÅ‚cÄ…ce
  • Pierwsze Prywatne Liceum OgólnoksztaÅ‚cÄ…ce w Lesznie

Technical schools

  • Zespół Szkół Rolniczo-Budowlanych im. Synów PuÅ‚ku
  • Zespół Szkół Ekonomicznych im. Jana Amosa KomeÅ„skiego weblink
  • Zespół Szkół Technicznych im. 55 PoznaÅ„skiego PuÅ‚ku Piechoty weblink
  • Zespół Szkół Elektroniczno-Telekomunikacyjnych
  • Zespół Szkół Ochrony Åšrodowiska
  • Zespół Szkół Specjalnych

Colleges

Notable people

File:Salomon, Haym (bust) - NARA - 532941.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Haym SolomonHaym Solomon{{div col}} {{div col end}}

International relations

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Twin towns – Sister cities

Leszno is twinned with:
  • {{flagicon|FRA}} Montluçon, FranceWEB, Cooperation with Montluçon (France),weblink Leszno - RozwiÅ„ SkrzydÅ‚a., 21 February 2019, 4 April 2019,
  • {{flagicon|NLD}} Deurne, NetherlandsWEB, Cooperation with Deurne (The Netherlands),weblink Leszno - RozwiÅ„ SkrzydÅ‚a., 22 December 2015, 4 April 2019,
  • {{Flagicon|GER}} Suhl, GermanyWEB,weblink Suhl, Urbaniak, Magdalena, www.leszno.pl, pl, 2020-04-23,
  • {{Flagicon|HUN}} Dunaújváros, HungaryWEB,weblink Dunaújváros, Urbaniak, Magdalena, www.leszno.pl, pl, 2020-04-23,

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Leszno}} {{Greater Poland Voivodeship}}{{Cities of Poland}}{{Leszno County}}{{Authority control}}


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