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Leszno
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{{other places|Leszno (disambiguation)}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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From top, left to right: St. Nicholas' Church | Stary Rynek (Old Market Square)}}| image_flag = POL Leszno flag.svg| image_shield = POL Leszno COA.svg| image_blank_emblem = LOGO LESZNO.svg| blank_emblem_type = Brandmark| motto = "Leszno â rozwiÅ skrzydÅa""Leszno â spread your wings"| pushpin_map = Poland| pushpin_label_position = top | 51 | 45 | 16 | 50 | region:PL|display=title,inline}} | List of sovereign states>Country| subdivision_name = {{POL}} | Voivodeships of Poland>Voivodeship | Greater Poland Voivodeship|name=Greater Poland}} | Powiat>County| subdivision_name2 = city county| established_title = First mentioned| established_date = 1393| established_title3 = City rights| established_date3 = 1547| leader_title = City mayor | Nonpartisan Local Government Activists>BS)| area_total_km2 = 31.9| population_as_of = 31 December 2021 | ACCESS-DATE=16 AUGUST 2022, Statistics Poland, Data for territorial unit 3063000.| population_density_km2 = auto | Central European Time>CET| utc_offset = +1 | Central European Summer Time>CEST| utc_offset_DST = +2| postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = 64-100 to 64-110| area_code = +48 065 | Polish car number plates>Car plates| blank_info = PL | weblink}}}}Leszno ({{IPA|pl|ËlÉÊnÉ}}, ,{{efn|Also called as opposed to Deutsch Lissa.|name=germanname}} {{IPA|de|Ëlɪsa|}}) is a historic city in western Poland, seat of Leszno County within the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is the seventh-largest city in the province with an estimated population of 62,200, as of 2021.HistoryEarly historyThe city's unrecorded history dates to the 13th century. It was first mentioned in historical documents in 1393, when the estate was the property of a noble named Stefan Karnin-Wieniawa. The family eventually adopted the name LeszczyÅski (literal meaning "of Leszno"), derived from the name of their estate, as was the custom among the Polish nobility.NEWS,weblink Historia miejscowoÅci, 15 April 2020,16thâ18th centuries(File:Leszno, paÅac SuÅkowskich.jpg|thumb|left|SuÅkowski Palace)In around 1516, a community of Protestants known as the Unity of the Brethren (Unitas fratrum) were expelled from the Bohemian lands by King Vladislaus II and settled in Leszno. They were invited by the LeszczyÅski family, imperial counts since 1473 and who had converted to Calvinism. The arrival of the Bohemian Protestants, in addition to weavers from nearby Silesia, helped the settlement to grow.In 1547 it became a town by a privilege according to Magdeburg Law granted by King Sigismund I of Poland. Leszno was a private town, administratively located in the Wschowa County in the PoznaÅ Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.BOOK, Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej poÅowie XVI wieku. CzÄÅÄ I. Mapy, plany, 2017, pl, Warszawa, Instytut Historii Polish Academy of Sciences, Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1a, Leszno became the largest printing center in Greater Poland thanks to the activity of the Protestant community. Their numbers grew with the inflow of refugees from Silesia, Bohemia, and Moravia during the Thirty Years War.In 1631, Leszno was vested with further privileges by King Sigismund III Vasa, who made it equal with the most important cities of Poland such as Kraków, GdaÅsk and Warsaw. By the 17th century, the town had a renowned Gymnasium (school), which was headed by Jan Amos Komenský (known in English as Comenius), an educator and the last bishop of the Unity of the Brethren.NEWS,weblink Leszno - miasto niebanalne, 15 April 2020, Johann Heermann, a German-speaking poet, lived in Leszno from 1638 until his death in 1647. Between 1636 and 1639, the town became fortified and its area increased.The era of Leszno's prosperity and cultural prominence ended during the Second Northern War, when the town was burnt down on 28 April 1656 by Swedish forces. Quickly rebuilt afterwards, it was set on fire again during the Great Northern War by Russian forces in 1707 and was ravaged by plague in 1709.The LeszczyÅski family owned the city until 1738, when King Stanislaus I Leszczynski sold it to Aleksander Józef SuÅkowski following his abdication. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through Leszno in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route.WEB,weblink Informacja historyczna, Dresden-Warszawa, 10 October 2020, pl,19thâ20th centuries(File:Przyjaciel Ludu 23-10-1841.png|thumb|left|upright|Przyjaciel Ludu, 19th-century Polish press from Leszno)In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Leszno was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, within which it was referred to as Lissa. In 1807 it was taken by Napoleon's Grand Armee and included within the newly established but short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw.Following Napoleon's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815 the town was reannexed by Prussia, initially as part of the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen. The town was subjected to Germanisation policies. Nevertheless, Polish press was issued in the town ((:pl:Przyjaciel Ludu (Leszno 1834â1849)|Przyjaciel Ludu)) and in the 1840s, Polish historian, geographer and former officer StanisÅaw Plater published the {{ill|MaÅa Encyklopedia Polska|pl}} ("Little Polish Encyclopedia"), one of the pioneering 19th-century Polish encyclopedias, in the town. In 1871 it became part of Germany, and in 1887, it became the administrative seat of the Prussian Kreis Lissa.(File:PB29 â Grenzschutz â Lissa â Bahnhof â 2.jpg|thumb|upright|German armored train in the station during Grenzschutz in 1919.)After World War I, in November 1918, Poland regained independence. Shortly after the Greater Poland Uprising of 1918â19 broke out, attempting to reintegrate Greater Poland and Leszno with Poland. The first local battles of the uprising took place in the area on December 28, 1918.WEB,weblink Leszno (miasto powiatowe i powiat grodzki), Instytut PamiÄci Narodowej, 10 October 2020, pl, Afterward the city became part of the newly established Second Polish Republic under the Treaty of Versailles, with effect from 17 January 1920. The local populace had to acquire Polish citizenship. In the interbellum, Leszno was a county seat within the Polish PoznaÅ Voivodeship. In 1924, a monument dedicated to the Polish insurgents of 1918â19 was erected.World War II(File:Execution of Poles by German Einsatzkommando Oktober 1939.jpg|thumb|German execution of Poles in Leszno in October 1939)During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was annexed by Nazi Germany and incorporated into Reichsgau Wartheland. The Germans carried out mass arrests of Poles accused of "anti-German activities". Attending church services and having private meetings in Polish households were considered suspect activities.BOOK, WardzyÅska, Maria, 2009, ByÅ rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeÅstwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, pl, Warszawa, Institute of National Remembrance, IPN, 116â117, A prison for Poles was established in the local monastery, where more than 200 people had already been imprisoned in September 1939 during the Intelligenzaktion.WardzyÅska (2009), p. 117 The Polish population was expelled to the General Government (German-occupied central Poland).Most of the town's Jewish population (which had included such notable rabbis as Leo Baeck and Jacob of Lissa, as well as the writer Ludwig Kalisch) and the remaining Poles were massacred by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen, which entered the town in September 1939.WardzyÅska (2009), pp. 57, 60 A notable public execution of 20 Poles, members of the "SokóÅ" Polish Gymnastic Society, former Polish insurgents of 1918â19, a local teacher, and a lawyer, was carried out in Leszno by the Einsatzgruppe VI on October 21, 1939.WardzyÅska (2009), pp. 196-197 Poles who were initially imprisoned in Leszno were also murdered in nearby towns and villages of Poniec, Osieczna, WÅoszakowice and Rydzyna.WardzyÅska (2009), pp. 198, 201 Poles from Leszno were also among the victims of the large Katyn massacre committed by the Russians in AprilâMay 1940.WEB,weblink 77 rocznica Zbrodni KatyÅskiej, SÅużba WiÄzienna, Wojciech Bininda, 27 March 2021, pl, File:2006-09 Leszno 07.jpg|thumb|Memorial to the members of the Polish Scouting AssociationPolish Scouting AssociationAlready in late 1939, the Germans expelled over 1,000 Poles, including families of Poles murdered in various massacres, in addition teachers, local officials, activists, former insurgents, and owners of shops and workshops, which were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.BOOK, WardzyÅska, Maria, 2017, Wysiedlenia ludnoÅci polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich wÅÄ czonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945, pl, Warszawa, Institute of National Remembrance, IPN, 164, 978-83-8098-174-4, A transit camp for Poles expelled from various nearby settlements was established in the local school. Poles were held there several days, their money, valuables and food were confiscated, and then they were either deported to Tomaszów Mazowiecki or Åódź in German-occupied central Poland or sent to local German colonists or to Germany as slave labour.WardzyÅska (2017), pp. 164, 210-211, 276Despite such circumstances, local Poles organized an underground resistance movement, which included the Ogniwo and Åwit organizations, the secret youth organization Tajna Siódemka and structures of the Polish Underground State.MAGAZINE, Pietrowicz, Aleksandra, 2011, Konspiracja wielkopolska 1939â1945, Biuletyn Instytutu PamiÄci Narodowej, pl, IPN, 5â6 (126â127), 33, 36, 1641-9561, Polish underground press was printed in Leszno.BOOK, Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939â1945, 1998, PoznaÅ, pl, Instytut Zachodni, 96, 83-85003-97-5, The German occupation ended in 1945, and the town returned to Poland.Post-war historyThe pre-war monument of the Greater Poland insurgents was restored in 1957. The town underwent a period of fast development especially between 1975 and 1998 when it was a seat of a voivodeship administrative area.WEB,weblink Ustawa z dnia 28 maja 1975 r. o dwustopniowym podziale administracyjnym PaÅstwa oraz o zmianie ustawy o radach narodowych., prawo.sejm.gov.pl, 2019-02-14, In 1991, a monument to the Constitution of 3 May 1791 and the heroes of the fights for Poland's independence was unveiled, and in 1995, a memorial to the victims of the Katyn massacre was unveiled.WEB,weblink Leszno - Pomnik Ofiar Katynia, PolskaNiezwykla.pl, 27 March 2021, pl, From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship. In 2000, the city was awarded "The Golden Star of Town Twinning" prize by the European Commission.NEWS,weblink Summary of applications for the Europe Prize and the Plaque of Honour for 2006, 15 April 2020,ClimateLeszno has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) although notably with warm summer continental characteristics (Dfb), typical of inland west and south polish.WEB,weblink Leszno, Poland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase), Weatherbase, 2019-11-21, WEB,weblink Leszno Climate, Climate-data.org, November 20, 2019, {{Weather box | location = Leszno (1991â2020 normals, extremes 1958âpresent)| metric first = y| single line = y| Jan record high C = 16.9| Feb record high C = 20.4| Mar record high C = 24.0| Apr record high C = 30.0| May record high C = 31.6| Jun record high C = 37.6| Jul record high C = 37.0| Aug record high C = 37.8| Sep record high C = 34.9| Oct record high C = 27.5| Nov record high C = 20.1| Dec record high C = 16.6| year record high C = 37.8| Jan high C = 2.5| Feb high C = 4.2| Mar high C = 8.5| Apr high C = 15.1| May high C = 19.7| Jun high C = 23.1| Jul high C = 25.4| Aug high C = 25.1| Sep high C = 19.8| Oct high C = 13.8| Nov high C = 7.6| Dec high C = 3.6| year high C = 14.0| Jan mean C = -0.3| Feb mean C = 0.6| Mar mean C = 3.9| Apr mean C = 9.2| May mean C = 13.8| Jun mean C = 17.2| Jul mean C = 19.3| Aug mean C = 18.9| Sep mean C = 14.2| Oct mean C = 9.1| Nov mean C = 4.3| Dec mean C = 0.9| year mean C = 9.3| Jan low C = -3.2| Feb low C = -2.7| Mar low C = -0.2| Apr low C = 3.4| May low C = 7.8| Jun low C = 11.1| Jul low C = 13.2| Aug low C = 13.1| Sep low C = 9.2| Oct low C = 5.1| Nov low C = 1.4| Dec low C = -1.8| year low C = 4.7| Jan record low C = -28.8| Feb record low C = -26.9| Mar record low C = -24.4| Apr record low C = -7.4| May record low C = -4.3| Jun record low C = -1.4| Jul record low C = 2.2| Aug record low C = 0.8| Sep record low C = -3.3| Oct record low C = -8.0| Nov record low C = -15.8| Dec record low C = -25.5| year record low C = -28.8| precipitation colour = green| Jan precipitation mm = 35.5| Feb precipitation mm = 31.3| Mar precipitation mm = 39.8| Apr precipitation mm = 28.8| May precipitation mm = 53.6| Jun precipitation mm = 57.6| Jul precipitation mm = 77.5| Aug precipitation mm = 70.4| Sep precipitation mm = 46.5| Oct precipitation mm = 38.2| Nov precipitation mm = 34.4| Dec precipitation mm = 35.7| year precipitation mm = 549.2| Jan snow depth cm = 4.0| Feb snow depth cm = 4.6| Mar snow depth cm = 2.5| Apr snow depth cm = 0.6| May snow depth cm = 0.0| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0| Oct snow depth cm = 0.2| Nov snow depth cm = 1.5| Dec snow depth cm = 3.6| year snow depth cm = | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm| Jan precipitation days = 17.13| Feb precipitation days = 14.60| Mar precipitation days = 14.03| Apr precipitation days = 10.83| May precipitation days = 13.23| Jun precipitation days = 13.00| Jul precipitation days = 14.17| Aug precipitation days = 13.10| Sep precipitation days = 11.60| Oct precipitation days = 13.83| Nov precipitation days = 14.73| Dec precipitation days = 17.63| year precipitation days = 167.90| unit snow days = 0 cm| Jan snow days = 12.7| Feb snow days = 11.8| Mar snow days = 4.9| Apr snow days = 0.7| May snow days = 0.0| Jun snow days = 0.0| Jul snow days = 0.0| Aug snow days = 0.0| Sep snow days = 0.0| Oct snow days = 0.1| Nov snow days = 2.3| Dec snow days = 8.2| year snow days = 40.7| Jan humidity = 86.7| Feb humidity = 83.3| Mar humidity = 78.0| Apr humidity = 69.6| May humidity = 70.8| Jun humidity = 71.3| Jul humidity = 70.8| Aug humidity = 71.4| Sep humidity = 78.3| Oct humidity = 83.7| Nov humidity = 88.7| Dec humidity = 88.2| year humidity = 78.4| Jan sun = 53.9| Feb sun = 76.2| Mar sun = 123.9| Apr sun = 204.1| May sun = 245.0| Jun sun = 246.9| Jul sun = 255.1| Aug sun = 244.0| Sep sun = 165.1| Oct sun = 113.3| Nov sun = 58.5| Dec sun = 43.2| year sun = 1829.4| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water ManagementWEB,weblink 3 December 2021,weblink Årednia dobowa temperatura powietrza, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Årednia minimalna temperatura powietrza, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Årednia maksymalna temperatura powietrza, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 9 January 2022,weblink MiesiÄczna suma opadu, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Årednia gruboÅÄ pokrywy Ånieżnej, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 21 January 2022,weblink Liczba dni z pokrywÄ Ånieżna > 0 cm, Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink 15 January 2022,weblink Årednia suma usÅonecznienia (h), Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, pl, 5 February 2022, | source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991â2020)WEB,weblink Leszno Absolutna temperatura maksymalna, Meteomodel.pl, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink Leszno Absolutna temperatura minimalna, Meteomodel.pl, pl, 5 February 2022, WEB,weblink Leszno Årednia wilgotnoÅÄ, Meteomodel.pl, pl, 5 February 2022, }}Sport(File:PL Leszno Kamieniczka Wieniawa.JPG|thumb|220x220px|Historic tenements on the main square)File:SM Leszno KoÅcióŠNMP WniebowziÄtej 2018 (0).jpg|thumb|right|220px|Saint Mary Church, former CalvinistCalvinist(File:Leszno,ulica SÅowiaÅska.jpg|thumb|220px|SÅowiaÅska Street)(File:Poczta Leszno SÅowiaÅska.jpg|thumb|220px|Main Post Office)(File:Leszno, kostel svatého kÅÞe, náhrobky V.jpg|thumb|220px|Tombs and epitaphs around the Holy Cross Church)
EducationPrimary schools
Secondary schools
Technical schools
Colleges
Notable peopleFile:Salomon, Haym (bust) - NARA - 532941.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Haym SolomonHaym Solomon{{div col}}
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}Twin towns â Sister citiesLeszno is twinned with:
Notes{{notelist}}References{{reflist}}External links{{Commons category|Leszno}} {{Greater Poland Voivodeship}}{{Cities of Poland}}{{Leszno County}}{{Authority control}} |
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