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{{Short description|Island of South Korea}}{{Redirect-distinguish|Jejudo|Jebudo}}

factoids

| archipelago = Jeju| length_km = 73| width_km = 31PUBLISHER=WORLDISLANDINFO.COM, 2016-01-30, | highest_mount = Hallasan| elevation_m = 1,950| country = South KoreaAdministrative divisions of South Korea>Special Self-Governing Province| country_admin_divisions = Jeju Special Self-Governing Province| country1 = North Korea (claimed)| country1_admin_divisions_title = ProvinceProvinces of North Korea#Claimed provinces>South Chŏlla Province| country1_admin_divisions_title_1 = County-level divisionEup (administrative division)>ŭp and 12 myŏn)| country_largest_city = Jeju City| country_largest_city_population = 501,791| population = 678,324| population_as_of = October 2022| density_km2 = 316Jeju people>Jejuans, KoreanJeju language>Jeju, Korean| module =

factoids

}}Jeju Island (Jeju/{{Korean|hangul=제주도}}; {{IPA-ko|tÉ•eːdÊ‘udo|IPA}}) is South Korea’s largest island, covering an area of {{cvt|1833.2|km2}}, which is 1.83 percent of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province.The island lies in the Korea Strait, south of the Korean Peninsula, and South Jeolla Province. It is located {{cvt|82.8|km}} off the nearest point on the peninsula.MAP, Landsat/Copernicus, Data SIO, NOAA, United States Navy, NGA, GEBCO, TMap Mobility, TerraMetrics, 2022, 15 May 2022, Korea Strait,earth.google.com/web/@33.900000,126.669700, Google Earth, Alphabet, Jeju is one of two special self-governing provinces in South Korea, meaning that the province is run by local politicians. The Jeju people are indigenous to the island, and it has been populated by modern humans since the early Neolithic period. The Jeju language is considered critically endangered by UNESCO. It is also one of the regions of Korea where Shamanism is most intact.BOOK, Choi, Joon-sik, Folk-Religion: The Customs in Korea. Ewha Womans University Press, Ewha Womans University Press, 2006, 978-8973006281, Jeju Island has an oval shape of {{cvt|73|km}} east–west and {{cvt|31|km}} north–south, with a gentle slope around Mt. Halla in the center. The length of the main road is {{cvt|181|km}} and the coastline is {{cvt|258|km}}. On the northern end of Jeju Island is Kimnyeong Beach, on the southern end Songak Mountain, the western end Suwol Peak, and the eastern end Seongsan Ilchulbong.The island was formed by the eruption of an underwater volcano approximately 2 million years ago.NEWS, Jeju Island, February 2011, Business Traveller, It contains a natural World Heritage Site, the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes.NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6248244.stm, BBC News, Unesco names World Heritage sites, June 28, 2007, May 6, 2010, Jeju Island has a temperate climate which is moderate; even in winter, the temperature rarely falls below {{convert|0|C|F}}. Jeju is a popular holiday destination and a sizable portion of the economy relies on tourism and related economic activity.

Historical names

(File:La-coree-ou-tchosen-7.png|thumb|1894 map of Quelpaërt or Tchæ-Tchiou) Historically, the island has been called by many different names including:

• Doi ({{Korean|도이|島夷|labels=no|lit=Island barbarian}})
• Dongyeongju ({{Korean|동영주|東瀛州|labels=no}})
• Juho ({{Korean|주호|州胡|labels=no}})
• Tammora ({{Korean|탐모라|耽牟羅|labels=no}})
• Seomna ({{Korean|섭라|涉羅|labels=no}})
• Tangna ({{Korean|탁나|乇羅|labels=no}})
• Tamna ({{Korean|탐나|耽羅|labels=no}})
• Quelpart,JOURNAL, The Island of Quelpart, Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, 37, 7, 396–408, 198722, Hulbert, H. B, 10.2307/198722, 1905, WEB,www.drben.net/publishImages/Koreas_Report~Sources~Korea_Maps~Historic~1945~Map-Japan-Korea-1945-01~~element1972.jpg, JPG, Photographic image of map, 26 June 2022,www.drben.net/publishImages/Koreas_Report~Sources~Korea_Maps~Historic~1945~Map-Japan-Korea-1945-01~~element1972.jpg," title="web.archive.org/web/20170406160926if_www.drben.net/publishImages/Koreas_Report~Sources~Korea_Maps~Historic~1945~Map-Japan-Korea-1945-01~~element1972.jpg,">web.archive.org/web/20170406160926if_www.drben.net/publishImages/Koreas_Report~Sources~Korea_Maps~Historic~1945~Map-Japan-Korea-1945-01~~element1972.jpg, 6 April 2017, dead, JOURNAL, Quelpart Island and Its People, Geographical Review, 16, 1, 60–72, 208503, Hall, R. Burnett, 10.2307/208503, 1926, 1926GeoRv..16...60H, QuelparteWEB, The Queen of Quelparte,books.google.com/books?id=PjUXAAAAYAAJ, Hulbert, Archer Butler, 1902, or Quelpaert IslandJOURNAL, The Name of Quelpaert Island, Isis, 38, 3/4, 231–235, 10.1086/348077, 1948, Sokol, A. E, 144230819,
• Junweonhado ({{Korean|준원하도|준원下島|labels=no}} meaning “southern part of peninsula“)
• Taekseungnido ({{Korean|택승니도|labels=no}}, meaning “the peaceful hot island in Joseon“)
• Samdado ({{Korean|삼다도|三多島|labels=no}}) meaning “Island of Three Abundances“)WEB,www.softschools.com/facts/wonders_of_the_world/jeju_island_facts/105/, Jeju Island Facts, Softschools.com,
• Sammudo ({{Korean|삼무도|三無島|labels=no}})
• Cheju (spelling until 7 July 2000)

Before the Japanese annexation in 1910, the island was usually known as Quelpart (Quelpaërt, Quelpaert) to Europeans;WEB,fs.unm.edu/TheIslandOfQuelpart.pdf, The Island of Quelpart, Fs.unm.edu, during the occupation it was known by the Japanese name SaishÅ«. The name Quelpart coming from French language is attested in Dutch no later than 1648 and may have denoted the first Dutch ship to spot the island, the quelpaert de Brack around 1642, or rather some visual similarity of the island from some angle to this class of ships (a small dispatch vessel, also called a galiot).The first European explorers to sight the island, the Portuguese, called it Ilha de Ladrones (Island of Thieves).JOURNAL, Sokol, A. E., February 1948, The Name Of Quelpaert Island,www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/348077, Isis, 38, 3/4, 231–235, 10.1086/348077, 144230819, July 8, 2021, The name “Fungma island” appeared in the “Atlas of China” of M. Martini who arrived in China as a missionary in 1655.WEB,eastsea1994.org/data/bbsData/14911233821.pdf, The memory and traces of marine exchange:Jeju Island in eastern and western antique maps, eastsea1994.org, 2021-01-03, 2021-08-31,eastsea1994.org/data/bbsData/14911233821.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20210831171058eastsea1994.org/data/bbsData/14911233821.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20210831171058eastsea1994.org/data/bbsData/14911233821.pdf, dead,

History

{{Category more|Tamna|Samseong mythology}}Jeju Island has been inhabited by modern humans since the early Neolithic period. There is no discovered historical record of the founding or early history of Tamna. One legend tells that the three divine founders of the country—Go (), Yang (), and Bu ()—emerged from three holes in the ground in the 24th century BC. These holes, known as the Samseonghyeol (), are still preserved in Jeju City.WEB, Jeju (Cheju) Island Travel Information: Samseonghyeol,www.lifeinkorea.com/travel2/cheju/199, 30 July 2014, BOOK, Sources of Korean tradition. 2: From the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries / ed by Yong-ho Ch’oe ... with the collaboration of Donald Baker ... and contributions by Martina Deuchler, 2001, Columbia University Press, 978-0-231-10566-8, New York Chichester, Until 938 AD, the island was an independent kingdom called Tamna (which means ‘island country’) when it became a vassal state of Korea under the Goryeo dynasty. In April 1330, in the midst of political purges of the Yuan dynasty, Toghon tomor had been sent in Exile on this remote island, which was then part of the vassal Korean Goguryeo.Kyung Moon Hwang A History of Korea, London: Palgrave, 2010 p. 56. In 1404, Taejong of Joseon placed the island under firm central control and brought the Tamna kingdom to an end.In April 1948, it was the site of the Jeju uprising.

Landscape

File:Hallasan 2.jpg|Baengnokdam in HallasanFile:KOCIS Jeju Island (5982720813).jpg|Mountains in JejuFile:제주 중문대포해안주상절리대 (Jeju Jungmun Daepo Jusangjeolli Cliff).jpg|Daepo Jusangjeolli CliffFile:Jeju2022OSM.png|Detailed map of Jeju IslandJeju is a volcanic island, dominated by Hallasan: a volcano {{convert|1,950|m|ft}} high and the highest mountain in South Korea. The island measures approximately {{convert|73|km|mi}} across, east to west, and {{convert|41|km|mi}} from north to south.Map of Korea: Cheju Island {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200212www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/124th_issue/99121501.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} The People’s Korea. Accessed 8 July 2012The island formed by volcanic eruptions approximately two million years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch.{{Citation (File:Spirited Garden 06.jpg|thumb|Spirited Garden in Jeju Island)An area covering about 12% ({{convert|224|km2|mi2|disp=or}}) of Jejudo is known as Gotjawal Forest.WEB,www.riss4u.net/link?id=A35499718, RISS 통합검색 - 국내학술지논문 상세보기, Riss4u.net, This area remained uncultivated until the 21st century, as its base of ’a’a lava made it difficult to develop for agriculture. Because this forest remained pristine for so long, it has a unique ecology.WEB,www.riss4u.net/link?id=U10812496_003, RISS 통합검색 - 학위논문 상세보기, Riss4u.net, The forest is the main source of groundwater and thus the main water source for the half million people of the island, because rainwater penetrates directly into the aquifer through the cracks of the ‘a’a lava under the forest. Gotjawal forest is considered an internationally important wetland under the Ramsar Convention by some researchersJang, Yong-chang and Chanwon Lee, 2009, “Gotjawal Forest as an internationally important wetland,” Journal of Korean Wetlands Studies, 2009, Vol 1. because it is the habitat of unique species of plants and is the main source of water for the residents, although to date it has not been declared a Ramsar site.WEB,www.ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf, Ramsar site list, 2007-06-20, dead,www.ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20090114195859www.ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20090114195859www.ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf, January 14, 2009, Accessed June 2009

Formation

• About 2 million years ago, the island of Jeju was formed through volcanic activity.
• About 1.2 million years ago, a magma chamber formed under the sea floor and began to erupt.
• About 700 thousand years ago, the island had been formed through volcanic activity. Volcanic activity then stopped for approximately 100 thousand years.
• About 300 thousand years ago, volcanic activity restarted along the coastline.
• About 100 thousand years ago, volcanic activity formed Halla Mountain.
• About 25 thousand years ago, lateral eruptions around Halla Mountain left multiple oreum (smaller ‘parasitic’ cones on the flanks of the primary cone).
• Volcanic activity stopped and prolonged weathering and erosion helped shape the island.WEB,nature.jeju.go.kr/index.asp?sso=ok,nature.jeju.go.kr/index.asp?sso=ok," title="archive.today/20160712043220nature.jeju.go.kr/index.asp?sso=ok,">archive.today/20160712043220nature.jeju.go.kr/index.asp?sso=ok, dead, 2016-07-12, 제주특별자치도 자연환경생태정보시스템, nature.jeju.go.kr, 2016-03-14,

Climate

Most of Jeju Island has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification). Four distinct seasons are experienced in Jeju; winters are cool with moderate rainfall, while summers are hot and humid with very high rainfall.Jeju City, the northern part of the island, tends to be colder in winter than the southern part due to the influence of continental seasonal winds. Gosan-ri, located on the west side of the island, has the lowest annual average precipitation on the island, but unlike most parts of mainland Korea, the seasonal precipitation is even. The Chuja Islands, which belong to Jeju City, are an archipelago located between mainland Korea and Jeju Island and also have a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).{{Jeju City weatherbox}}Seogwipo, the southern part of the island, is relatively warmer in winter than Jeju City because Hallasan in the middle of the island prevents continental seasonal winds. The downtown of Seogwipo has the highest average temperature in January in Korea, including mainland Korea. Seongsan-eup, the southeastern side of the island, is directly affected by both the East Asian monsoon and the Tsushima Current, so annual precipitation is very high. Seogwipo is one of the regions with the highest annual precipitation in Korea.{{Seogwipo weatherbox}}The climate of the highlands in the middle of the island where Hallasan is located is quite different from those of the rest of the island. The higher the altitude, the lower the average temperature and the colder the climate. The highlands of Jeju Island have the highest annual precipitation in Korea.{{Weather box760abbr=on}}, 1999–2020 normals)| metric first = Y| single line = Y| Jan high C = 2.8| Feb high C = 4.7| Mar high C = 9.0| Apr high C = 14.5| May high C = 18.9| Jun high C = 21.4| Jul high C = 24.7| Aug high C = 24.7| Sep high C = 21.1| Oct high C = 16.6| Nov high C = 11.2| Dec high C = 5.2| year high C = 14.6| Jan mean C = -0.4| Feb mean C = 1.0| Mar mean C = 4.9| Apr mean C = 10.2| May mean C = 14.7| Jun mean C = 17.7| Jul mean C = 21.4| Aug mean C = 21.6| Sep mean C = 17.8| Oct mean C = 12.8| Nov mean C = 7.4| Dec mean C = 1.9| year mean C = 10.9| Jan low C = -3.1| Feb low C = -2.3| Mar low C = 0.9| Apr low C = 5.9| May low C = 10.6| Jun low C = 14.3| Jul low C = 18.5| Aug low C = 18.9| Sep low C = 15.0| Oct low C = 9.3| Nov low C = 4.0| Dec low C = -1.0| year low C = 7.6| precipitation colour = green| Jan precipitation mm = 137.1| Feb precipitation mm = 182.4| Mar precipitation mm = 258.8| Apr precipitation mm = 414.9| May precipitation mm = 465.9| Jun precipitation mm = 451.7| Jul precipitation mm = 583.9| Aug precipitation mm = 717.0| Sep precipitation mm = 581.1| Oct precipitation mm = 237.2| Nov precipitation mm = 197.5| Dec precipitation mm = 153.5| year precipitation mm = 4381.0| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm| Jan precipitation days = 13.0| Feb precipitation days = 11.5| Mar precipitation days = 11.0| Apr precipitation days = 10.8| May precipitation days = 11.1| Jun precipitation days = 14.1| Jul precipitation days = 17.8| Aug precipitation days = 18.7| Sep precipitation days = 15.6| Oct precipitation days = 9.2| Nov precipitation days = 11.6| Dec precipitation days = 13.4| year precipitation days =| source = Korea Meteorological Administration}}{{Weather box1673abbr=on}}, 2003–2009 normals)|metric first = Y|single line = Y|Jan high C = -1.6|Feb high C = 0.9|Mar high C = 3.4|Apr high C = 10.0|May high C = 14.9|Jun high C = 18.1|Jul high C = 20.3|Aug high C = 20.6|Sep high C = 18.1|Oct high C = 13.2|Nov high C = 6.8|Dec high C = 0.0|year high C = 10.4|Jan mean C = -5.9|Feb mean C = -3.5|Mar mean C = -0.8|Apr mean C = 5.2|May mean C = 10.3|Jun mean C = 14.0|Jul mean C = 17.4|Aug mean C = 17.4|Sep mean C = 14.2|Oct mean C = 8.2|Nov mean C = 2.2|Dec mean C = -3.5|year mean C = 6.4|Jan low C = -9.1|Feb low C = -7.5|Mar low C = -5.1|Apr low C = 0.7|May low C = 5.7|Jun low C = 10.4|Jul low C = 14.7|Aug low C = 14.5|Sep low C = 11.0|Oct low C = 4.3|Nov low C = -0.9|Dec low C = -6.6|year low C = 2.7|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation mm = 46.9|Feb precipitation mm = 128.0|Mar precipitation mm = 301.2|Apr precipitation mm = 426.1|May precipitation mm = 653.1|Jun precipitation mm = 651.9|Jul precipitation mm = 742.3|Aug precipitation mm = 836.4|Sep precipitation mm = 526.7|Oct precipitation mm = 126.5|Nov precipitation mm = 165.8|Dec precipitation mm = 64.6|year precipitation mm = 4669.4|source = Jeju Regional Meteorological AdministrationWEB,web.kma.go.kr/servlet/NeoboardProcess?mode=download&bid=press2&num=753&fno=2&callback=http%3a%2f%2fweb.kma.go.kr%2faboutkma%2fintro%2fjeju%2fopeninfo%2fpress.jsp&ses=USERSESSION&k=ATC201011301744392_452c9e0a-2c58-428b-8ee1-79f2d198c8df.pdf, Jeju Regional Meteorological Administration, 24 May 2023, 제주도상세기후특성집(2010) 윗세오름(871), 1 October 2021,web.kma.go.kr/servlet/NeoboardProcess?mode=download&bid=press2&num=753&fno=2&callback=http%3a%2f%2fweb.kma.go.kr%2faboutkma%2fintro%2fjeju%2fopeninfo%2fpress.jsp&ses=USERSESSION&k=ATC201011301744392_452c9e0a-2c58-428b-8ee1-79f2d198c8df.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20211001093945web.kma.go.kr/servlet/NeoboardProcess?mode=download&bid=press2&num=753&fno=2&callback=http%3a%2f%2fweb.kma.go.kr%2faboutkma%2fintro%2fjeju%2fopeninfo%2fpress.jsp&ses=USERSESSION&k=ATC201011301744392_452c9e0a-2c58-428b-8ee1-79f2d198c8df.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20211001093945web.kma.go.kr/servlet/NeoboardProcess?mode=download&bid=press2&num=753&fno=2&callback=http%3a%2f%2fweb.kma.go.kr%2faboutkma%2fintro%2fjeju%2fopeninfo%2fpress.jsp&ses=USERSESSION&k=ATC201011301744392_452c9e0a-2c58-428b-8ee1-79f2d198c8df.pdf, dead, }}In January 2016, a cold wave affected Jeju Island. Snow and frigid weather forced the cancellation of 1,200 flights on Jejudo, stranding approximately 90,300 passengers.NEWS, Ap, Tiffany, CNN, January 25, 2016, January 25, 2016, Deaths, travel disruption as bitter cold grips Asia,edition.cnn.com/2016/01/25/asia/asia-cold-weather-travel-disruption/index.html?eref=edition,

See also

• Jeju Black, indigenous cattle breed
• Jeju horse, indigenous horse breed
• Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Wikivoyage|Jeju}}

• Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes World Heritage site on Google Arts and Culture
• {{OSM relation|2398560}}

{{New7Wonders of Nature|state=expanded}}{{Authority control}}