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{{short description|Form of government in which only one ethnic group can vote}}{{multiple image| total_width = 200| direction = vertical | image1 = Flag of the Confederate States of America (March 4, 1865).svg| caption1 = Confederate States of America| image2 = Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928–1994).svg| caption2 = Apartheid South Africa

Confederate States of America (flag, top; 1861–1865), Apartheid South Africa (flag, middle; 1948–1994), and Rhodesia (flag, bottom; 1965–1979) are considered archetypical examples of Herrenvolk democracy. Elections were generally Free and fair election>free, but voting suffrage was restricted based on race, with governance that reflected the interests of the politically dominant racial group.| image3 = Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg| caption3 = Republic of Rhodesia}}Herrenvolk democracy is a form of government with elections in which only a specific ethnic group has voting rights and the right to run for office, while other groups are disenfranchised.JOURNAL, Vickery, Kenneth P., 'Herrenvolk' Democracy and Egalitarianism in South Africa and the U.S. South, Comparative Studies in Society and History, June 1974, 16, 13, 309–328, 17826, 10.1017/s0010417500012469, free, Herrenvolk democracy is a subtype of ethnocracy, which refers to any form of government where one ethnic group dominates the state, with or without elections. The German term Herrenvolk, meaning "master race", was used in 19th century discourse that justified colonialism with the supposed racial superiority of Europeans.BOOK, Gründer, Horst, Beck, Thomas, Überseegeschichte, Overseas history, 1999, F. Steiner, Stuttgart, 9783515074902, 254 et seq, Ideologie und Praxis des deutschen Kolonialismus, Ideology and practice of German colonialism, Characteristics This elitist form of government is typically employed by one ethnic group to maintain control and power within the system. It is often accompanied with a false pretense of egalitarianism. As people of the dominant ethnic group gain freedom and liberty and egalitarian principles are advanced, other ethnic groups are repressed and prevented from being involved in the government. This principle can be seen in the development of both the United States—especially the Southern states—and South Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries.JOURNAL, Anderson, T. L., Herrenvolk Democracy: The Rise of the Alt-Right in Trump's America,weblink Critical Theory and the Humanities in the Age of the Alt-Right, Palgrave Macmillan, 88, In these historical scenarios, even as legislation moved toward universal male suffrage and later toward universal suffrage for white people, it also further entrenched restrictions on political participation by black people and upheld their disenfranchisement.JOURNAL, Vickery, Kenneth P., 'Herrenvolk' Democracy and Egalitarianism in South Africa and the U.S. South, Comparative Studies in Society and History, June 1974, 16, 3, 311–315, 17826, 10.1017/s0010417500012469, free, Southern Rhodesia and later Rhodesia restricted voting rights by qualifications like income and literacy, thus effectively restricting the franchise to the white population.BOOK, West, Michael O., "Equal Rights for All Civilized Men": Elite Africans and the Quest for "European" Liquor in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1924-1961,weblink 382, 10.1017/S0020859000111344, 18 December 2008, Some scholars and commentators, including Ilan Pappé, Baruch Kimmerling, and Meron Benvenisti, have characterized Israel as a herrenvolk democracy due to Israel's de facto control of the occupied territories whose inhabitants may not vote in Israeli elections.NEWS, Kimmerling, Baruch, Baruch Kimmerling, 2002-04-03, Opinion {{!, A matter of conscience : Israeli democracy's decline |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/03/opinion/IHT-a-matter-of-conscience-israeli-democracys-decline.html |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Citation |last=Ariely |first=Gal |title=Israel’s Regime Conflicting Classifications |date=2021 |work=The Palgrave International Handbook of Israel |pages=1–16 |editor-last=Kumaraswamy |editor-first=P. R. |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2717-0_2-1 |access-date=2024-04-30 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-2717-0_2-1 |isbn=978-981-16-2717-0}}WEB, Gerrard, Douglas, 2019-04-19, Weimar Israel,weblink 2024-04-30, Jacobin (magazine), Jacobin, en-US, WEB, Barghouti, Omar, Omar Barghouti, 3 August 2011, Dropping the last mask of democracy,weblink 2024-04-30, Al Jazeera, en, JOURNAL, Smooha, Sammy, April 1980, Control of Minorities in Israel and Northern Ireland,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151115174818id_weblink">weblink Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22, 2, 256-280, The term was first used in 1967 by Pierre van Den Berghe in his book Race and Racism.BOOK, van den Berghe, Pierre L., Race and Racism: A Comparative Perspective.,weblink registration, NY; Sydney, Wiley (publisher), Wiley, 1967, In his 1991 book The Wages of Whiteness, historian David R. Roediger reinterprets this form of government in the context of 19th-century United States, arguing that the term "Herrenvolk republicanism" more accurately describes racial politics at this time. The basis of Herrenvolk republicanism went beyond the marginalization of black people in favor of a republican government serving the "master race"; it contended that "blackness" was synonymous with dependency and servility and was, therefore, antithetical to republican independence and white freedom.{{sfn|Roediger|1997|p=172}} Consequently, the dependent white worker at this time used his whiteness to differentiate himself from and elevate himself over the dependent black worker or enslaved person.{{sfn|Roediger|1997|pp=59–60}} According to this ideology, black people were not merely "non-citizens"; they were "anti-citizens" who inherently opposed the ideals of a republican government.WEB, Blevins, Cameron, U.S. History Qualifying Exams: Book Summaries: The Wages of Whiteness,weblink 28 September 2013, See also Ethnic democracy Ethnic nationalism Dominant minority Jim Crow laws Planter class Solid South Voter suppression References {{reflist}} Bibliography BOOK, Roediger, David R., The Wages of Whiteness, 1997, Verso Books, Philadelphia, 9781844671458, {{Racism topics}}