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{{Short description|First international advanced robotics event with multiple competitions}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}{{Use British English|date=January 2021}}The First Robot Olympics.WEB, Guinness World Records: First Robot Olympics,www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-robot-olympics, guinnessworldrecords.com/, 8 November 2015, took place in Glasgow,WEB, Glasgow’s Guinness World Records,glasgowliving.today/top5/glasgows-guinness-world-records/, Glasgow Living, 8 November 2015, Scotland on 27–28 September 1990.BOOK, Children’s Britannica : yearbook 1991., 1991, Encyclopædia Britannica, London, 0-85229-228-7, 90, The event was run by The Turing Institute at the Sports Centre at the University of Strathclyde. It featured 68 robots from 12 countries and involved over 2,500 visitors over the two-day period.NEWS, Tim Willard, No Relay Race on This Olympic Field,articles.latimes.com/1991-07-17/business/fi-2345_1_hazardous-waste-management, 8 November 2015, World Future Society, Los Angeles Times, JOURNAL, Gavaghan, Helen, Mechanical athletes totter towards Olympic glory, New Scientist, 1990, 1737,www.newscientist.com/article/mg12817373-700-science-mechanical-athletes-totter-towards-olympic-glory/, NEWS, L’ OLIMPIADE DEI ROBOT,ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1990/09/30/olimpiade-dei-robot.html?refresh_ce, 8 November 2015, La Repubblica, 1990, JOURNAL, Grabowski, Rainer, immer an der Wand lang : die erste Roboter Olympiade, CHIP, 1991, 1/91, 314–318, 732623432,www.worldcat.org/oclc/732623432, 9 November 2015, NEWS, Machines strut their wizardry; Japanese entry wins gold medal in 1st Robot Olympics,archives.chicagotribune.com/1990/09/29/page/48/article/machines-strut-their-wizardry, 9 November 2015, 29 September, Chicago Tribune, 1990, WEB, Robot Olympics,agenda19892010.wordpress.com/2012/08/07/robot-olympics/, Agenda (Italy), Agenda Magazine, 9 November 2015,web.archive.org/web/20160304142821/https://agenda19892010.wordpress.com/2012/08/07/robot-olympics/, 4 March 2016, dead, JOURNAL, Ken, MacFarlane, Sporting (and unsporting) Robots, Electronics World & Wireless World, 1991, January, 54,gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Journal%20Reprints-Relativity%20Theory/Download/3766, 9 November 2015, NEWS, The chips are down,www.heraldscotland.com/news/11948259.CHIPS_ARE_DOWN/, 10 November 2015, Herald, 1 June, Sunday Herald, 1990,

Background

During the 1990s the Turing Institute had been involved in a wide range of robotics activities and had developed links with many leading robotics laboratories as a result of both student exchange and a series of collaborative research projects.JOURNAL, Lamb, John, Making Friends with Intelligence, New Scientist, 1985-08-22, 30–32,books.google.com/books?id=BMaVDEwRhpcC&q=%22turing+institute%22+%22new+scientist%22+%22alvey%22&pg=PA31, 8 November 2015, The event was conceived and directed by Dr Peter Mowforth, director of the Turing Institute, as an events-based meetup for robot enthusiasts and builders.NEWS, Pete Mowforth With Lorraine Kelly,wn.com/pete_mowforth_with_lorraine_kellywmv, 8 November 2015, World News Network, WN, NEWS, LEWIS, Alun, SCience Now,www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/s/sc/science_now.html, 8 November 2015, Radio 4, 19901002, BBC, 1990, Although there had been single event competitions and national events for competing robots, this was the first time that such a large, varied and international Robot Competition had taken place.WEB, Buckley, David, 1st Robot Olympics,davidbuckley.net/RS/History/Olympics90.htm, DavidBuckley, 8 November 2015, Many of the robots that came to the event reflected key research themes that were present at the time. For example, the two-wheeled balancing ‘torch carrying’ (pre-Segway) robotWEB, Trolleyman Lighting Olympic Flame,www.sciencephoto.com/media/344227/view, Science Photos, 8 November 2015, that opened the event was associated with the institute’s work on using machine learning applied to the inverted pendulumBOOK, McGee, Grimble and Mowforth, Knowledge-based Systems for Industrial Control, 1990, P. Peregrinus Limited, 978-0863412219,books.google.com/books?id=I8RVq4jupeoC, Strathclyde University was an academic associate of and adjacent to the Turing Institute.WEB, Turing Institute,strathclyde.ica-atom.org/turing-institute, University of Strathclyde Archives, Strathclyde University, 8 November 2015, The university made their sports hall complex available for the two-day event.“>

Events and results{| class“wikitable”

! EVENT !! Gold !! Silver !! Bronze

Obstacle Avoidance >	University of Toronto, Canada. Anthony Green & Pavel Rozalski >		University of Tsukuba>Tsukuba University, Japan. Shoji Suzuki

Pole Balancing >		| MENACE, Turing Institute, Scotland. Bing Zhang

Phototrophic >	| ICARUS. The Shadow Group, England. David Buckley.

Manipulators >	| BCI. St Patricks High School, Coatbridge, Scotland.

Biped Race >		WEBSITE=GALLOIMAGES	ACCESSDATE=9 NOVEMBER 2015, Uni. Wales, Cardiff, Wales. Paul Channon, Simon Hopkins & Prof Pham	ROBBIE. Paisley College of Technology, Scotland. Ken MacFarlane, Gordon Allan

Javelin >		| ELEPHANTS TRUNK. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland. J B C Davies, J Morrison

Multi-Legged Race >	| GENGHIS. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AI Lab, US. Olaf Beck, Prof. Rodney Brookes & Colin Angle

Wall Following >	University of Tsukuba>Tsukuba University, Japan. Shoji Suzuki	SAM. Kent University, England. David Bisset, Jason Garforth, Jeremy Laycock

Talking >	| SHADOW WALKER. The Shadow Group, London, England. David Buckley

Wall Climbing >		TITLE=PROFESSOR ARTHUR COLLIE	WEBSITE=SCOTSMAN	ACCESSDATE=9 NOVEMBER 2015, J Billingsley, R P Smith	RVP II. Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. Professor Chernousko, Professor Gradetsky	RVP I. Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. Professor Chernousko, Professor GradetskyFELIX L. CHERNOUSKO, NIKOLAI N. BOLOTNIK AND VALERY G. GRADETSKY>TITLE=MANIPULATION ROBOTS	PUBLISHER=CRC PRESS	ISBN=9780849344572,books.google.com/books?id=P1ZyVE4xkyAC&q=%22robot+olympics%22+%22glasgow%22+%221990%22&pg=PA245,

Behaviour >		| SIAS. City Montessori School, Lucknow, India. Mr Ashish Panwar

National medals table

File:Champion Robot.png|thumb|Japan’s Yamabico and robot builder Shoji Suzuki from the University of Tsukuba receiving the overall Robot Olympic Champion award from Lord Balfour of BurleighLord Balfour of Burleigh{| class=“wikitable”! Country !! Gold (3 points) !! Silver (2 points) !! Bronze (1 Point) !! Total

England >			| 22

Scotland >			| 16

USA >			| 5

Japan >			| 4

USSR >			| 3

Canada >			| 3

Yugoslavia >			| 3

Wales >			| 3

India >			| 1

Mexico >			| 0

Disqualifications

(File:Disqualified Robot.png|thumb|Robug II disqualified for trying to mount Russian competitor during race.)Four judges supervised the events to ensure ‘fair play’. They were: {| class=“wikitable”! Robot !! Event !! Reason for disqualification

	| Could not speak English

	| Completely incomprehensible

	| Veering out of lane and demonstrating inappropriate behaviour in front of children.

	| Damaged during transportation. Dropped when offloaded from ship in UK.

Special awards

(File:prizes2.jpg|thumb|Caithness Glass Champions Award.)Several organisions provided special awards for different categories of competition.IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Young Roboticist Award Brian Carr (School pupil), St Patricks High School, Coatbridge, Scotland. Awarded £25 book token.NatWest Bank Prize for Technology Transfer Olaf Beck, Prof. Rodney Brookes & Colin Angle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, AI Lab, USA Awarded with a Caithness Crystal bowl and £200 from NatWest Bank.’Turing Institute Best School Prize’ XYBOT Inverkeithing School, Class 7S, Scotland. Awarded with a cup and a cheque for £100.’Olympic Champion’ YAMABICO from Tsukuba University, Japan. Prize given to Shoji Suzuki. Awarded with a Caithness Glass Trophy.

Photographs

{{Gallery height=170|align=center|File:NELtorchbearer.jpg }}

Sponsorship

As well as being organised by The Turing Institute and hosted by the University of Strathclyde, the event had seven main sponsors:

• NatWest Bank (London)WEB, NatWest bank’s advertising robot,www.sciencephoto.com/media/344544/view, Science Photo, Science Photo Library, 8 November 2015,
• IEEE (Robotics & Automation Society)
• Scottish Development Agency
• Stakis Hotels (Glasgow)
• Caithness Glass
• Holiday Inn (Glasgow)
• British Gas (Olympic Torch and Olympic flame)

References

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