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| population = 19,316PUBLISHER=KENT COUNTY COUNCILACCESS-DATE=11 JUNE 2015ARCHIVE-DATE=30 JUNE 2017, dead, |civil_parish = FavershamBorough of Swale>Swale|shire_county = Kent|static_image_name = Faversham Market (6110526770).jpg|static_image_caption = Faversham Guildhall and Market|region = South East EnglandFaversham and Mid Kent (UK Parliament constituency)>Faversham and Mid Kent|post_town = FAVERSHAM|postcode_district = ME13|postcode_area = ME|dial_code = 01795|os_grid_reference = TR01561548km}}}}Faversham ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|æ|v|ɚ|ʃ|əm}}) is a market town in Kent, England, {{convert|8|miles|km}} from Sittingbourne, {{convert|48|miles|km}} from London and {{convert|10|miles|km}} from Canterbury, next to the Swale, a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey in the Thames Estuary. It is close to the A2, which follows an ancient British trackway which was used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons, and known as Watling Street. The name is of Old English origin, meaning "the metal-worker's village".There has been a settlement at Faversham since pre-Roman times, next to the ancient sea port on Faversham Creek. It was inhabited by the Saxons and mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Favreshant. The town was favoured by King Stephen who established Faversham Abbey, which survived until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Subsequently, the town became an important seaport and established itself as a centre for brewing, and the Shepherd Neame Brewery, founded in 1698, remains a significant major employer.The town was also the centre of the explosives industry between the 17th and early 20th century, before a decline following an accident in 1916 which killed over 100 workers. This coincided with a revival of the shipping industry in the town. Faversham has a number of landmarks, with several historic churches including St Mary of Charity, Faversham Parish Church, the Maison Dieu and Faversham Recreation Ground. Faversham Market has been established for over 900 years and is still based in the town centre. There are good road and rail links, including a Southeastern service to the High Speed 1 line at Ebbsfleet International and London.

Name

The name Faversham, first attested in 811 as Fefresham, derives from Old English. The second element is the Old English word hām ('settlement'), which is common in place-names. The first element, however, is unique. It has been inferred to derive from an otherwise lost Old English word *fæfere ('smith'), which in turn derived from the Latin faber ('craftsman, smith'). Thus the name once meant 'smith's homestead'. Given its Latin derivation, however, the name may have referred specifically to Roman smiths.BOOK, The Cambridge History of the English Language, Volume 1, 481–482, Cambridge University Press, 1992, 978-0-521-26474-7, Margaret Gelling, Signposts to the Past: Place-Names and the History of England (London: Dent, 1978), p. 80.

History

{{see also|History of Kent}}

Early history

Faversham was established as a settlement before the Roman conquest.BOOK,weblink Towards a New Deal: Understanding Place Through an Exploration of Time, Andrew, Murray, 2007, 22, 978-0-549-45417-5, The Romans established several towns in Kent including Faversham, with traffic through the Saxon Shore ports of Reculver, Richborough, Dover and Lympne converging on Canterbury before heading up Watling Street to London. The town was less than {{convert|10|miles}} from Canterbury,WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120209043806weblink">weblink dead, 9 February 2012, Travelling to Faversham, faversham.org, 28 November 2014, and consequently Faversham had become established on this road network by 50 AD following the initial conquest by Claudius in 43 AD.NEWS,weblink Roman Watling Street found in a field in Faversham, Faversham Times, 21 November 2013, 30 September 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141006073035weblink">weblink 6 October 2014, dead, Numerous remains of Roman buildings have been discovered in and around Faversham, including under St Mary of Charity Church where coins and urns were discovered during reconstruction of the western tower in 1794.BOOK, Victoria County History of Kent, 3, 1932, 93,weblink 16 July 2015, 4 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304200701weblink">weblink live, In 2013, the remains of a 2,000-year-old Roman theatre, able to accommodate some 12,000 people, were discovered at a hillside near the town. The cockpit-style outdoor auditorium, the first of its kind found in Britain, was a style the Romans used elsewhere in their empire on the Continent.NEWS, Trueman, Matt, Roman theatre discovered in Kent,weblink The Guardian, 7 January 2013, 7 January 2013, 12 February 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140212005922weblink">weblink live, There is archaeological evidence to suggest that Faversham was a summer capital for the Saxon kings of Kent.JOURNAL,weblink Spotlight on:Faversham, Sarah, Sturt, Kent Life, 28 March 2014, 30 September 2014, 6 October 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141006074337weblink">weblink live, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120410215900weblink">weblink dead, 10 April 2012, Faversham Facts and Records, 26 February 2013, It was held in royal demesne in 811, and is further cited in a charter granted by Coenwulf, the King of Mercia.BOOK, Cartularium Saxonicum, Walter de Gray Birch, 43,weblink Cambridge University Press, 2012, 978-1-108-04507-0, 25 October 2020, 23 January 2021,weblink live, Coenwulf described the town as 'the King's little town of Fefresham',BOOK, Jottings of Kent, being a series of historical, ecclesiastical, topographical and statistical sketches, etc, Thomas Hall, 138, 1864, while it was recorded in the Domesday Book as Favreshant.WEB,weblink Place name: Faversham, Kent Folio: 2v Great Domesday Book, The National Archives (UK), The National Archives, 30 September 2014, 6 October 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141006072449weblink">weblink live, The town had established itself as a seaport by the Middle Ages, and became part of the Confederation of the Cinque Ports in the 13th century, providing a vessel to Dover.{{sfn|Gorski|2012|p=76}} The Gough Map of Britain, printed in 1360, shows the Swale as an important shipping channel for trade.{{sfn|Wilkinson|2006|p=7}}

Middle Ages

File:Ruins Of Faversham Abbey, Stukeley, 1722.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.35|Faversham Abbey, sketched by William Stukeley in 1722, was established by King Stephen in 1148. He was buried there in 1154.]]The manor was recorded as Terra Regis, meaning it was part of the ancient royal estates. King Stephen gave it to his chief lieutenant, William of Ypres, but soon made him swap it with Lillechurch (now Higham) so that the manor of Faversham could form part of the endowment of Faversham Abbey.BOOK, The history and topographical survey of the county of Kent, second edition, volume 6 Canterbury, Edward, Hasted, 1798,weblink 324, 27 December 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304051648weblink">weblink 4 March 2016, dead, dmy-all, Stephen established the abbey in 1148,BOOK, King Stephen's Reign (1135–1154), Paul, Dalton, Graeme, White, 112, Boydell Press, 2008, 978-1-84383-361-1, and is buried there with his consort Matilda of Boulogne, and his son, Eustace, the Earl of Boulogne.NEWS,weblink Call for mystery surrounding King Stephen's burial place to be solved, Lauren, Fruen, Kent Messenger, 7 February 2013, 30 September 2014, 23 January 2021,weblink live, Stephen favoured the town because of the abbey, and so it was historically important during his reign. King John tried to give the church to Simon of Wells in 1201, but it was owned by the monks of St Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury, who appealed to Rome and denied the request.BOOK, The History and Antiquities of the Abbey and Church of Favresham in Kent, John, Lewis, James Abree, 1727, 73, la, Osborne de Camera obit circiter A.D 1201. Simon Fritz-Robert per Regum presentanus fed non admittus, Abbey Street was constructed around this time in order to provide an appropriate approach to the abbey from the town. It still houses timber-framed buildings and has been described as "the finest medieval street in southeast England".WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120410160129weblink">weblink dead, 10 April 2012, Abbey Street and its restoration, Faversham Town Council, 3 June 2015, Thomas Culpeper was granted Faversham Abbey by Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Most of the abbey was demolished, and the remains of Stephen were rumoured to have been thrown into Faversham Creek. An excavation of the abbey in 1964 uncovered the empty graves. The entrance gates survived the demolition and lasted until the mid-18th century, but otherwise only a small section of outer wall survived.{{sfn|Lewis|1840|p=200}} The abbey's masonry was taken to Calais to reinforce defence of the town, then in British possession, against the French army.BOOK, English monasteries in the middle ages, George Henry, Cook, Phoenix House, 1961, 262, In 1539, the ground upon which the abbey had stood, along with nearby land, passed to Sir Thomas Cheney, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.{{sfn|Lewis|1840|p=200}}Among the few surviving buildings of Faversham Abbey are the two barns at Abbey Farm. Minor Barn was built around 1425; Major Barn, the larger of the two, dates from 1476. Next to the barns is the Abbey Farmhouse, part of which dates from the 14th century.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120119200712weblink">weblink dead, 19 January 2012, Barns at Abbey Farm, Faversham Business Partnership, 14 June 2015, The Abbey Guest house, on the east side of the Abbey's Outer Gateway, has survived as Arden's House.NEWS,weblink Anniversary of Faversham Abbey founder's death, Faversham Times, 22 October 2014, 27 November 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141204225426weblink">weblink 4 December 2014, dead, This house, now a private residence in Abbey Street, was the location of the murder of Thomas Arden in 1551.BOOK, Staging the Superstitions of Early Modern Europe, Ashgate Publishing, 202, 2013, 978-1-409-47430-2, The Faversham Almshouses were founded and endowed by Thomas Manfield in 1614, with additional houses being built by Henry Wright in 1823.{{sfn|Lewis|1840|p=202}}Due to the poor quality of roads in the Middle Ages, travel by sea was an important transport corridor. Richard Tylman (or Tillman), mayor in 1581, expanded the port at Faversham, building two wharfs. He became a key figure in exporting corn, wheat and malt to London from the town.{{sfn|Wilkinson|2006|p=11}}Several notable people in the Middle Ages had origins in Faversham. Haymo of Faversham was born in Faversham and later moved to Paris to join the Franciscans, becoming the "Aristotelian of Aristotelians".DICTIONARY,weblink Haymo of Faversham, Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, 25, Charles Lethbridge, Kingsford, 10 June 2015, 11 June 2015,weblink live, Simon of Faversham was born in the town around the middle of the 13th century and later became Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1304.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120315032215weblink">weblink dead, 15 March 2012, Who's Who in Faversham, Faversham Business Partnership, 10 June 2015, The notorious pirate Jack Ward is believed to have been born in Faversham around 1553.BOOK, Lamborn Wilson, Peter, Peter Lamborn Wilson, Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs and European Renegadoes, 2003, Autonomedia, 55, 1-57027-158-5, John Wilson, lutenist and teacher was born in Faversham in 1595 who was the principal composer for the King's Men and a professor of music at Oxford.BOOK, A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers & Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800: W. West to Zwingman, SIU Press, 1993, 978-0-809-31803-2, 165, There is now a plaque at the site of the house in Abbey Street where he was born.WEB,weblink John Wilson grey plaque, Blue Plaque Places, 10 June 2015, 11 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150611055840weblink">weblink live,

Explosives industry

A gunpowder plant had been established around 1573 in Faversham. The town had a stream which could be dammed at intervals to provide power for watermills. It became known as the Home Works in the 18th century and was nationalised in 1759.WEB,weblink Faversham Gunpowder Trail, Faversham Society, 3 June 2015, 14 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150614081518weblink">weblink live, By the 19th century, the site stretched for around a mile along the waterfront. A second explosive works was established at Oare to the northwest of town in the late 17th century, with the Marsh Works following in 1786. Towards the end of the 19th century, two new factories were built alongside the Swale to manage production of TNT and cordite. Faversham developed six explosive factories, and from 1874 to 1919, the town was the centre of the explosives industry in the UK.WEB,weblink Explosives and Gunpowder, Faversham Business Partnership, 3 June 2015, 21 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150621172702weblink">weblink live, BOOK, Twentieth Century, Michael, Stratton, Barrie, Trinder, 99, Taylor & Francis, 2014, 978-1-136-74801-1, The first production of guncotton took place in the Marsh Works in 1847. Due to a lack of experience with production methods, an explosion took place soon after work started, with several fatalities.BOOK, Burke, James, Connections,weblink registration, Little, Brown, Boston, 1978, 0-316-11681-5, 278–9, On Sunday 2 April 1916, an explosion occurred at one of the Swale factories in Uplees after sparks from a chimney ignited the works containing around 150 tonnes of high explosives.NEWS,weblink 'The ghost of an awful energy' – the great Kent explosion of 1916, Brian, Dillon, The Guardian, 16 May 2015, 12 June 2015, 13 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150613001251weblink">weblink live, The incident killed over 100 people, which led to decline of the explosives industry in the town. Later accounts suggested that had the incident not happened on a Sunday, there would have been many more casualties.All three gunpowder factories closed in 1934 due to the impending threat of World War II. Production was moved to Ardeer in Ayrshire, Scotland, and the munition industry around Faversham is now extinct.NEWS,weblink Keeping Faversham's gunpowder history alive, BBC News, 12 March 2012, 3 June 2015, 25 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150925233756weblink">weblink live, The town is now a harbour and market community; old sail-powered Thames barges are repaired, rebuilt and moored along the creekside.NEWS,weblink Standard Quay: going against the grain, Jon, Henley, The Guardian, 10 January 2011, 11 June 2015, 12 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150612151425weblink">weblink live,

Industrial Revolution and beyond

(File:Abbey Street, Faversham - geograph.org.uk - 524274.jpg|thumb|Abbey Street, which includes many historic houses, was saved from demolition in the 1950s.)Kent is the centre of hop-growing in England, being centred on nearby Canterbury{{sfn|Chartres|1990|p=242}} and Faversham has been the home of several breweries. The Shepherd Neame Brewery was officially founded in 1698, though brewing activities in Faversham pre-date this. The brewery claims to be the oldest in Britain and continues to be family-owned.WEB,weblink Shepherd Neame Heritage Timeline, Shepherd Neame Brewery, 24 May 2014, 26 August 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140826143657weblink">weblink live, The Rigden brewery was founded in the early 18th century by Edward Rigden. It subsequently merged with the Canterbury-based George Beer in 1922NEWS, The Times, London., Prospectuses of public companies, etc, 105, 135, 150, to become George Beer & Rigden before being purchased by the Maidstone based Fremlin's.BOOK, The Lost Beers & Breweries of Britain, Brian, Glover, Amberley Publishing Limited, 49, 2013, 978-144-562049-7, Whitbread bought out Fremlin's in 1967, and closed the Faversham brewery in 1990. The site is now a Tesco superstore.WEB,weblink W E & J Rigden & Co – Court Street, Faversham, Brewery History Society, 24 May 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140125050322weblink">weblink 25 January 2014, dead, Shepherd Neame remains a significant regional brewer despite a decline in consumption of traditional bitter beer, producing around 230,000 barrels a year.WEB,weblink Britain's 10 oldest family businesses, Management Today, 15 April 2014, 3 June 2015, 4 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150604010727weblink">weblink live, It now also makes India Pale Ale under licence.WEB,weblink India Pale Ale, Shepherd Neame, 4 June 2015, 4 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150604222639weblink">weblink live, Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Neame, recipient of the Victoria Cross, was born in Faversham and a memorial to him was placed in the town centre in 2014.NEWS,weblink Memorial to Faversham war hero Lieutenant General Sir Philip Neame, Faversham Courier, 15 August 2013, 30 June 2016, {{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}A shipyard was established in Faversham by James Pollock & Sons (Shipbuilders) in 1916 at the request of Lord Fisher, the First Lord of The Admiralty, for manufacturing barges for landing craft.BOOK, Guide to the Manuscripts in the National Maritime Museum, National Maritime Museum, 59, 1980, Faversham already had a tradition of shipbuilding, and it soon became a major contributor to markets throughout the world, producing vessels such as the Molliette and the Violette, both constructed of concrete.BOOK, Coasters: An Illustrated History,weblink Roy, Fenton, Seaforth Publishing, 2011, 101, 978-1-848-32087-1, 25 October 2020, 23 January 2021,weblink live, Over 1200 ships were built and launched from Faversham between 1916 and 1969.NEWS,weblink Faversham shipyard, BBC Kent, 13 November 2014, 10 June 2015, 25 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150925065511weblink">weblink live, Faversham Market is still held in the town centre. It is now the oldest street market in Kent, dating back over 900 years.WEB,weblink Faversham Market History, 21 August 2023, Monthly markets are also held in Preston Street and Court Street.WEB,weblink Street Market, Swale Borough Council, 11 June 2015, 10 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150610065938weblink">weblink live, Having been an important thoroughfare since the 12th century, Abbey Street went into decline around the start of the 20th. Some buildings on the street adjoining Quay Lane were demolished in 1892 and much of the entire street was intended for demolition as recently as the 1950s, until intervention from the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings.BOOK, Faversham From Old Photographs, Peter, Kennett, Amberley Publishing Limited, 2013, 27, 978-1-445-62823-3, Local people began a determined fight to restore and preserve the area.

Archaeology

In May 2019, the Kent Archaeological Field School uncovered a 150 ft-long by 50 ft-wide Roman building at Abbey Farm. According to Dr Paul Wilkinson, the building contained broken stone walls covering huge amounts of box flue tiles, which were used to direct hot air up the indoor walls, glazed terracotta floors, an untouched underfloor with hypocaust heating, and tons of ceramic roof tiles. Although the plaster painted from these walls was mostly white, plaster walls coloured with green, red and yellow panels were found in the hot sauna room on the north side of the building.WEB, Large Roman building uncovered at Abbey Farm in Faversham,weblink 8 August 2020, The Archaeology News Network, 7 November 2020,weblink live, In 2009 Faversham Society Archaeology Research Group (FSARG) uncovered evidence of the town's medieval tannery in the back gardens of Tanner Street.WEB, 2009, 5th Anniversary Report,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150610174401weblink">weblink 10 June 2015, 3 June 2015, Faversham Society Archaeological Research Group, Evidence of Anglo-Saxon occupation was discovered during the Hunt the Saxons project between 2005 and 2007WEB, Hunt the Saxons project detail,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150610181827weblink">weblink 10 June 2015, 10 June 2015, Faversham Society Archaeological Support Group, and a high-status rubbish pit excavated in the "Searching for the Kings Manor" project in 2017-2019.WEB, King's Manor,weblink 1 December 2022, Faversham Community Archaeology, en,

Government

(File:Arms of Faversham Town Council.svg|thumb|upright|125px|Faversham's arms)A charter was granted to the Mayor of Faversham, Jurats and Freemen of the Town of Faversham in 1546,BOOK, Private Matters and Public Culture in Post-Reformation England,weblink registration, Lena Cowen, Orlin, 44, Cornell University Press, 1994, 978-0-801-42858-6, and regranted 1685; the town council was established under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.WEB,weblink Faversham Town Council, Faversham Business Partnership, 3 June 2015, 10 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150610021337weblink">weblink live, The parliamentary constituency of Faversham was created for the 1885 general election and replaced by the new constituencies of Sittingbourne and Sheppey and Faversham and Mid Kent at the 1997 general election. The town has been represented by a Member of Parliament from the Conservative Party other than between 1945 and 1970. Since 2015, the constituency's MP has been Conservative Helen Whately.NEWS,weblink Faversham Conservatives – Helen Whately, Canterbury Times, 24 February 2015, 4 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150415012454weblink">weblink 15 April 2015, dead, NEWS,weblink Faversham & Mid Kent election results, BBC News, 8 May 2015, 4 June 2015, 11 April 2019,weblink live, Faversham is within the Swale local government district. The town contains the four electoral wards of Abbey, Davington Priory, St Ann's and Watling.Faversham was a large ancient parish, which included rural areas and surrounding villages. It became a civil parish in 1866, but in 1894 was divided into Faversham Within and Faversham Without. In 1935 the civil parish of Faversham was recreated and absorbed the civil parishes of Faversham Within, Davington, Preston Within, North Preston Without and South Preston Without, and parts of the civil parishes of Faversham Without, Luddenham and Ospringe (including the village of Ospringe).WEB,weblink Faversham AP/CP through time – Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, www.visionofbritain.org.uk, 13 August 2017, 13 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170813232335weblink">weblink live, The arms of Faversham Town Council, which holds its meetings at Faversham Guildhall, are based on the Royal Arms of England, alluding to the town's regal history.WEB,weblink faversham.org, 16 September 2010, The Faversham Website, 2010, Faversham Coat of Arms,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100502034726weblink">weblink 2 May 2010, dead,

Geography

Faversham is roughly equidistant between Sittingbourne and Canterbury.BOOK,weblink registration, Faversham ., The Literary Guide & Companion to Southern England, Robert, Cooper, Ohio University Press, 1998, 25, 978-0-821-41225-1, It lies {{convert|48|mi|km}} south east of London, {{convert|18|mi|km}} east of Maidstone,WEB, Travelling to Faversham,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120209043806weblink">weblink dead, 9 February 2012, faversham.org, 13 March 2018, and {{convert|14|mi|km}} north from Ashford.WEB, Ashford To Faversham Taxi Service,weblink arrowtaxisltd.co.uk, 13 March 2018, 22 February 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180222015429weblink">weblink live, Nearby villages include Oare across Oare Creek to the north, Luddenham, Mockbeggar and Ospringe.Geographically, Faversham sits at a boundary between marshland to the north and a mixture of brick earth, gravel and chalk to the south which leads into the North Downs. Faversham Creek connects the town to the Swale that separates mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey. The surrounding area is part of the South Swale Nature Reserve, popular with wildfowl and wading birds.BOOK, Exploring the Thames Wilderness: A Guide to the Natural Thames, Bloomsbury, 2013, 201, 978-1-408-18114-0, The coastline around Faversham is a by-product of the changes to sea level around Britain since the end of the last ice age. During Roman Britain and into the first millennium, the Faversham coast was a large estuary with Oare and Graveney being peninsulas. Land reclamation during the Middle Ages, which closed the River Wantsum and connected the Isle of Thanet to mainland Kent, resulted in less tidal waters reaching Faversham. This led to the gradual silting up of estuaries; Faversham Creek and its tributaries have been reduced from {{convert|1378|acre|ha}} to {{convert|43|acre|ha}}.{{sfn|Wilkinson|2006|p=7}} To stop the creek silting up completely and making navigation impossible, a number of sluices have been installed since the 16th century.{{sfn|Wilkinson|2006|p=10}}Faversham formerly held the weather record for the highest ever UK temperature (in 2003) at {{convert|38.5|C|F}}.NEWS,weblink Hottest July day ever in England, BBC News, 20 July 2006, 7 June 2015, 11 March 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080311040432weblink">weblink live, This was the first time the recorded temperature had ever exceeded {{convert|100|F|C}} reliably in the UK. This record had stood for nearly 16 years, but was beaten by 0.2 Â°C (0.4 Â°F) with a temperature of {{convert|38.7|C|F}} recorded in the Cambridge University Botanic Garden on 25 July 2019. Faversham still holds the record for the highest maximum temperature in the UK for August with the previous record in 2003.WEB,weblink Climate Extremes, Met Office, 7 June 2015, 21 December 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161221004454weblink">weblink live, The absolute minimum temperature of {{convert|-16.1|°C|1}} was set in January 1966.WEB, Met Office MIDAS Open: UK Land Surface Stations Data (1853–current),weblink 5 March 2022, Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA), At the 2011 UK census, Faversham had a population of 19,316, an increase of 1,606 from the 2001 census. The population figures were split into Abbey (6,084), Davington Priory (2,593), St Ann's (5,268) and Watling (5,371). 9,770 people were employed within the town, split into retail (1,416), education (1,239), health and social work (1,200), construction (836) and manufacturing (692).WEB,weblink Faversham (Parish) Economic Activity, 2011 (QS601EW), Office for National Statistics, 30 January 2013, 11 June 2015, 12 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150612113631weblink">weblink live, WEB,weblink Industry, 2011 (QS605EW), Office for National Statistics, 30 January 2013, 11 June 2015, 12 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150612152926weblink">weblink live, 17,868 of the town's residents were born in England.WEB,weblink Country of Birth (detailed), 2011 (QS203EW), Office for National Statistics, 14 February 2013, 11 June 2015, 12 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150612143512weblink">weblink live,

Culture

File:Maison Dieu, Ospringe, Kent - geograph.org.uk - 41929.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|right|The Maison Dieu sits to the south of the town centre on the A2 and houses artefacts from Roman BritainRoman BritainArden of Feversham is a play about the murder of Thomas Arden written around 1590, possibly by William Shakespeare or Canterbury-born Christopher Marlowe.WEB,weblink Arden of Faversham, Royal Shakespeare Company, 4 June 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150604184009weblink">weblink 4 June 2015, NEWS,weblink Arden of Faversham, Swan, Stratford-upon-Avon, review, The Daily Telegraph, 7 May 2014, 4 June 2015, 5 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150605003311weblink">weblink live, It gives its name to the modern Arden Theatre in the town,WEB,weblink Arden Theatre Group, Faversham Business Partnership, 4 June 2015, 5 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150605040858weblink">weblink live, Local theatre groups perform in the theatre as part of the Canterbury Festival each autumn.WEB,weblink Dreamlands – An original musical, Canterbury Festival, 4 June 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150605040708weblink">weblink 5 June 2015, The Royal Cinema is based near the town square. It opened in 1936 and is now Grade II listed. It is one of only two mock Tudor cinemas to survive in the UK.NEWS,weblink Cine-files: The Royal Cinema, Faversham, The Guardian, 26 November 2013, 4 June 2015, 13 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150913135405weblink">weblink live, The Faversham Society was established in 1962, and is one of the oldest civic societies in the UK. It owns and manages the Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre as its headquarters.NEWS,weblink The Local Historian, 32–33, 208, The Local Historian, National Council of Social Service, 2002, 6 November 2016, 23 January 2021,weblink live, The Centre hosts a large museum depicting the town's history and culture and hosts the town's Visitor Information Centre, including a bookshop.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120411054531weblink">weblink dead, 11 April 2012, Visitor and Tourism Information, Faversham Business Partnership, 7 June 2015, The Maison Dieu ('House of God'), located on the A2 to the southwest of the town centre, is a hospital, monastery, hostel, retirement home and Royal lodge commissioned by Henry III in 1234 and now in the care of English Heritage.WEB,weblink Maison Dieu, English Heritage, 4 June 2015, 5 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150605002028weblink">weblink live, BOOK, Rambles in Kent, John Charles, Cox, 245, 1913, Methuen, It is now managed by the Maison Dieu Trust and closely associated to the Faversham Society as a museum of Roman artefacts from the surrounding area.WEB,weblink Maison Dieu and Hospital of St Mary, Faversham Society, 4 June 2015, 24 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150924010707weblink">weblink live, Davington Priory lies to the northwest of the town centre and was founded in the mid 12th century.{{sfn|Haines|2013|p=339}} It is currently owned and occupied by musician and activist Bob Geldof.NEWS,weblink Boomtown Spat: Superstar Bob Geldof in bitter row with neighbour over new gate near Davington home, Lauren, Fruen, Kent Online, 2 August 2013, 22 July 2015, 23 July 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150723052847weblink">weblink live, Brogdale Farm, to the south of the town centre, has hosted the DEFRA National Fruit Collection since 1954. It has over 2,040 varieties of apple, 502 of pear, 350 of plum, 322 of cherry and smaller collections of bush fruits, nuts and grapes, all grown in {{convert|150|acre|ha}} of orchards.NEWS,weblink A tour around Kent's Garden of Eden, Gavin, Stamp, BBC News, 17 August 2006, 4 June 2015, 23 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170823085832weblink">weblink live, The farm hosts a number of fruit festivals throughout the year, guided tours and activities for schools. It also hosts the 9-inch Faversham miniature railway which runs through the orchards.WEB,weblink About us, Brogdale Collections, 4 June 2015, 18 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150518010448weblink">weblink live, In 2011 it was discovered that the town owns an original version of Magna Carta, potentially worth about £20m, rather than a copy worth only £10,000.NEWS,weblink A medieval market town has discovered it owns an original version of the Magna Carta, The Australian, 29 August 2013, 30 June 2014, 14 November 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111114035656weblink">weblink live, In 2015, the copy went on display to the public at the town's Alexander Centre – the first time it had been on display for 715 years.NEWS,weblink Faversham's 1300 Magna Carta goes on display, BBC News, 23 May 2015, 4 June 2015, 11 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150611123007weblink">weblink live, The Magna Carta and other town charters are now on permanent display in 12 Market Place in Faversham.WEB, Faversham Charters and Magna Carta Exhibition,weblink 2023-08-16, Faversham Charters and Magna Carta Exhibition, en-GB, {{Clear}}The 2021 Tamil Film Jagame Thandhiram starring Dhanush was partly filmed in Faversham, including the Iron Wharf.WEB, Jagame Thandhiram (2021), Kent Film Office, 14 June 2021,weblink {{sfnref, Kent Film Office, 2021, | access-date=18 June 2021}}In August 2023 a copy of a prayer book written by Katharine Parr was found and put on display in the Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre in Faversham. This is the first book printed in English written by a woman.NEWS, 2023-08-12, Katherine Parr: Prayer book written by queen goes on display, en-GB, BBC News,weblink 2023-08-16,

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV1 Meridian. Television signals are received from the Dover and Bluebell Hill transmitters as well as a local relay situated to the south west of the town. WEB,weblink Full Freeview on the Dover (Kent, England) transmitter, 1 May 2004, UK Free TV, 27 September 2023, WEB,weblink Freeview Light on the Faversham (Kent, England) transmitter, 1 May 2004, UK Free TV, 27 September 2023, Faversham's local radio stations are BBC Radio Kent, Heart South, Gold, KMFM Canterbury and Radio Faversham is a community based radio station. WEB,weblink Radio Faversham, 25 September 2023, The local newspapers are Faversham Times, The Faversham News, Eye and yourswale. WEB,weblink The Faversham Eye, 25 September 2023,

Community facilities

File:Almshouses, Faversham - geograph.org.uk - 397865.jpg|thumb|left|AlmshouseAlmshouseFaversham Recreation Ground (locally known as Faversham Rec, or simply The Rec) is to the east of the town centre. It was established in 1860 by a local solicitor, Henry Wreight, who bequeathed his £70,000 estate, including two almshouses housing 70 people, to the town in order that locals would have an area to enjoy.{{sfn|Turcan|2013|p=12}} The rec has been preserved and is now run by the town's Municipal Charities. A bandstand was added towards the end of the 19th century, and sporting events began to be held on the rec. A week-long party was held to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, which drew praise from Princess Andrei of Russia, then living near Faversham. A 50-year extension on the lease, signed in 2010, confirmed its continued use by the public.NEWS,weblink Recreation ground always the heart of town, Faversham Times, 29 August 2013, 4 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150615165705weblink">weblink 15 June 2015, dead, The Oare Gunpowder Works, close to the scene of the 1916 explosion at Uplees, is now a country park and nature reserve open to the public free of charge. The Oare Marshes are an important reserve for birds.WEB,weblink Oare Gunpowder Works, Gunpowderworks.co.uk, 30 June 2014, dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20130421032825weblink">weblink 21 April 2013, There is an information centre near the site of the former Harty ferry over the Swale to the Isle of Sheppey. Remains of the process houses and other mill leats have been conserved, and various trails are signposted.WEB,weblink Oare Gunpowder Works, Gunpowderworks.co.uk, 30 June 2014, dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20130420163412weblink">weblink 20 April 2013, An early 20th century electric-powered gunpowder mill which was transferred to Ardeer in 1934 has been repatriated to the country park and is on display. The 18th-century works bell has also been repatriated and is on display at Faversham's Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070228025945weblink">weblink dead, 28 February 2007, Explosives and Gunpowder, Faversham Business Partnership, 30 June 2014, Stonebridge Pond, on the site of the original Chart Mills, was donated to Swale Borough Council in the early 1980s. It is now a haven for wading birds.{{sfn|Turcan|2013|p=16}}{{Clear}}

Landmarks

Faversham Stone Chapel (in Norton, Buckland and Stone) is the remains of the Church of Our Lady of Elwarton, an ancient monument managed by The Faversham Society. It was originally used for pagan rituals in pre-Roman Britain, and is the only remaining evidence in Britain of a church incorporating a pagan shrine. The building was converted into a church around AD601 when Pope Gregory I encouraged pagan buildings to be converted rather than destroyed. The church has not seen service since the 16th century and was reported as "being in a state of disrepair" and unused since the Reformation.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120119170950weblink">weblink dead, 19 January 2012, Stone Chapel, Faversham Business Partnership, 7 June 2015, (File:14 Crosoer 174 105 Abbey St & Church St 1895.jpg|thumb|St Mary of Charity in the late 1800s)Although Faversham Abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII the nearby St Mary of Charity, Faversham Parish Church remains, and has been a Grade I listed building since 1950.WEB,weblink The Parish Church of St Mary of Charity, Faversham, British Listed Buildings, 8 June 2015, 12 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150612181102weblink">weblink live, The church was established in 1147 by King Stephen and Queen Matilda, with a distinctive spire added around 1794 – 97 that can be easily seen from many places around the town.NEWS,weblink 5 things that make Faversham fantastic, Canterbury Times, 21 October 2014, 8 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150613021411weblink">weblink 13 June 2015, dead, The interior was restored in the mid-19th century by the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott, who redesigned the nave and transepts and added a stone encasing to the spire. The church reputedly contains the remains of King Stephen, which were recovered from Faversham Creek after the dissolution of the abbey.NEWS,weblink Anniversary of Faversham Abbey founder's death, Faversham Times, 22 October 2014, 8 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150720215301weblink">weblink 20 July 2015, dead, The church holds an altar dedicated to Saints Crispin and Crispinian, who reportedly fled to Faversham in the 3rd century.WEB,weblink A Fine and Detailed Northern French Limestone Sculpture of St Crispin, Association of Arts & Antiques Dealers, 8 June 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150612210614weblink">weblink 12 June 2015, St Catherine's Church dates from the Norman period and was extensively restored in the 1860s.WEB,weblink St Catherine, Preston, Faversham Business Partnership, 8 June 2015, 18 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150518121859weblink">weblink live, The nearby Ospringe Church, to the southwest of town, dates from Norman Britain, aside from a replacement tower built in 1866.{{sfn|Turcan|2013|p=8}} The National Shrine of Saint Jude is a Roman Catholic shrine in the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. It was established in 1955 and regularly attracts Catholic pilgrims.NEWS,weblink Kent: Anniversary celebrations begin at National Shrine of St June, Independent Catholic News, 3 June 2015, 8 June 2015, 19 December 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161219041645weblink">weblink live, (File:St Mary Of Charity Church In Faversham - Kent. (14119024757).jpg|thumb|St Mary Of Charity Church In Faversham - )The Grade II listed St John the Evangelist church on Upper Brents was built in 1881 by Kirk and Son of Sleaford, It was founded by Mrs Hall of Syndale House, Faversham, the widow of a gunpowder manufacturer.WEB, CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE EVANGELIST,weblink Historic England, 28 April 2019, 28 April 2019,weblink live, The historic central area, especially the part-pedestrian parts between the station and the creek, attracts visitors, who can learn about the town's history and features at the Fleur-de-Lis centre, which provides tourist information and houses a museum.WEB,weblink Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre and Museum, Visit Kent, 3 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150603210755weblink">weblink 3 June 2015, dead, There is still a regular market several days each week in the market square where the Guildhall stands.WEB,weblink Street markets, Swale Borough Council, 3 June 2015, 3 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150603210509weblink">weblink live, Nearby streets feature old pubs, almshouses, shops and a growing collection of art galleries and restaurants.Faversham Cottage Hospital opened in 1887. It was extended in 1922 and included a World War I memorial, which was unveiled by Vice Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas. The memorial was later adapted to commemorate World War II casualties.NEWS,weblink The history of Faversham's War Memorial, Faversham Times, 23 July 2014, 8 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150615051425weblink">weblink 15 June 2015, dead, In 2014, the memorial became Grade II listed.NEWS,weblink Faversham war memorial listed to mark World War 1 centenary, Canterbury Times, 22 July 2014, 8 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150615053353weblink">weblink 15 June 2015, dead, Faversham Cemetery opened in 1898. The chapel was designed by Edwin Pover. 73 victims of the 1916 gunpowder explosion are buried in the cemetery, where they are commemorated by the Grade II* listed Faversham Munitions Explosion Memorial. Also interred at the cemetery is the Irish novelist Kate O'Brien.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120411201123weblink">weblink dead, 11 April 2012, Cemetery, Faversham Business Partnership, 10 June 2015, BOOK, Kate O'Brien: a writing life, Eibhear, Walshe, 147, Irish Academic Press, 2006, 978-0-716-53398-6,

Transport

File:FAVERSHAM RAILWAY STATION KENT AUG 2014 (15032827901).jpg|thumb|left|Faversham railway stationFaversham railway stationFaversham is close to the A2 road, a historically important route from London to Canterbury and the Channel ports. The route began as an ancient trackway which the Romans later paved and marked as (Second Route) on the Antonine Itinerary.WEB,weblink The Antonine Itinerary, Roman Britain Online, Togodumnus, 2011, 20 February 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150918013926weblink">weblink 18 September 2015, {{in lang|la|en}}{{sfn|Parker|2013|p=23}} The Anglo-Saxons named it Wæcelinga Stræt (Watling Street) and it was marked as such by Matthew Paris in his Schema Britannie in 1250.{{sfn|Parker|2013|p=16}} The road continued to be an important thoroughfare, and is shown next to Faversham on Philip Symonson's map of Kent published in 1596.{{sfn|Parker|2013|p=36}}The A2 road still carries traffic between Sittingbourne and Canterbury, though London bound traffic now takes the M2 motorway. The A299 Thanet Way provides access to the Isle of Thanet and the A251 Ashford Road is a local road to Ashford.MAP, Thames Estuary & Rochester, Ordnance Survey, 178, 2015, The Mall is one of the main roads to the town centre from the A2. It was built in the late 18th century as a dignified approach road, and attracted development of villas along its length. {{sfn|Turcan|2013|p=28}}(File:Faversham Old station 1898.jpg|alt=Faversham Railway Station 1898|thumb|Faversham Railway Station 1898)Faversham railway station opened in 1858. It was completely rebuilt in 1898 and is listed Grade II. A former goods shed built as part of the original railway works is also Grade II listed.WEB,weblink Former Goods Shed to Faversham Station, Faversham, British Listed Buildings, 7 June 2015, 9 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150609211342weblink">weblink live, Southeastern services travel to London, terminating at either Victoria or St Pancras. In the other direction, trains travel either to Dover Priory (via Canterbury East) or to Ramsgate (via Margate). Since 2009 services via High Speed 1 services have linked Faversham to Ebbsfleet International, Stratford International and London St Pancras.WEB,weblink Book 2 – Train times, SouthEastern Railway, 17 May 2015, 9 June 2015, dead,weblink 9 June 2015, WEB,weblink Book 8 – High Speed Train Times, SouthEastern Railway, 17 May 2015, 9 June 2015, dead,weblink 9 June 2015, The town is served by a number of buses. Arriva Southern Counties runs service 333 to Sittingbourne and Stagecoach in East Kent operates routes 3,3X,3A,3B to Canterbury, and route 666 to Ashford. Regent also runs service 638 to Whitstable and 660 to Stalisfield Green and Graveney.WEB, Faversham bustimes 638,weblink www.stagecoachbus.com, 27 April 2013, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120417080311weblink">weblink 17 April 2012, WEB, 666 Faversham – Ashford,weblink www.travelinesoutheast.org.uk, 27 April 2013, {{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} National Cycle Route 1 passes through the town, en route from Whitstable to Sittingbourne.WEB,weblink Route 1, Sustrans, 9 June 2015, 5 July 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150705203307weblink">weblink live, Swale Borough Council have expressed concern over the lack of bus and cycle facilities in the town, when compared to road and rail, and there is a particular lack of public transport to nearby rural areas.REPORT,weblink The Swale Borough Local Plan, 5, Swale Borough Council, 2013, 10 June 2015, 11 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150611093435weblink">weblink live,

Education

There has been a school in Faversham since the twelfth century. Archival evidence has shown this had become a grammar school by 1420. In 1526, John Cole, chaplain to Henry VII and Henry VIII and Warden of All Souls College, Oxford, established a new grammar school on the estate of Ewell Farm. The property fell into disuse after the dissolution of the abbey, and a replacement grammar school was not established until 1587. The Wreights School, a commercial school, was founded in 1856, while a corresponding girls' school, The Gibbs School was established in 1883. The two boys' schools were amalgamated in 1920, forming Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School. The current school dates from 1967, when the boys and girls schools were merged, forming the first co-educational grammar school in Kent.WEB,weblink History of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Queen Elizabeth School, Faversham, 9 June 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120418133628weblink">weblink 18 April 2012, The Abbey School is a Business and Enterprise Academy formed in September 1983 by the amalgamation of the Ethelbert Road Boys School and Lady Capel School for Girls. It has over 1000 pupils and is located in the south of the town, beside the A2 London Road.WEB,weblink About Us, The Abbey School, 11 September 2011, dead,weblink 2 April 2012,

Sport

Faversham Town F.C. were formed in 1884 and compete in Division One South of the Isthmian League. They have a 2000-capacity stadium to the south of the town and are the only team besides the England national football team to wear the 3 lions badge. Faversham Ladies Hockey Club currently play in Division 6 of the South East Hockey League, finishing second at the end of the 2023/24 season. Faversham Ladies are the current holders of the Mina-Jones trophy, beating neighbours Sittingbourne 2-0 in April 2024. The small ladies team play their home games in nearby Sittingbourne, due to a lack of Astro in the town. The King George V playing fields are all that remain of the Mount Field,WEB,weblink Mount Field, Faversham ground profile, CricketArchive, 17 December 2008, 30 August 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080830053037weblink">weblink live, which in 1876 hosted a first-class match between Kent and Hampshire County Cricket Club.WEB,weblink Kent v Hampshire in 1876, CricketArchive, 17 December 2008, 28 August 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080828235806weblink">weblink live,

Cultural references

Author Russell Hoban repurposes Faversham as "Fathers Ham" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel Riddley Walker.WEB,weblink Places - Riddley Walker Annotations, Errorbar, 21 August 2022, 29 July 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20210729025537weblink">weblink live,

See also

• Buckland-by-Faversham, a parish to the south-west of Faversham.
• Hazebrouck, a French town twinned with Faversham.WEB,weblink Town Twinning, Faversham Town Council, 1 December 2022,
• South East Faversham, a new settlement proposed by the Duchy of Cornwall.WEB, Wright, Joe, Prince William continuing with Duchy of Cornwall's plan for 2,500-home development in Faversham,weblink KM Group, 1 January 2023, 19 October 2022,

References

Citations{{Reflist|30em}}Sources

• BOOK, Chapters from The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 4, Agricultural Markets and Trade, 1500–1750, Chartres, John, Cambridge University Press, 1990, 978-0-521-36881-0,
• BOOK, Dover Priory: A History of the Priory of St Mary the Virgin, and St Martin of the New Work, Charles Reginald, Haines, Cambridge University Press, 2013, 978-1-107-62324-8,
• BOOK, Roles of the Sea in Medieval England, Richard, Gorski, Boydell Press, 2012, 978-1-843-83701-5,
• BOOK, A Topographical Dictionary of England, Samuel, Lewis, 1840,
• BOOK, Mapping the Roads, Mike, Parker, AA, 2013, 978-0-7495-7435-2,
• BOOK, Faversham Through Time, Robert, Turcan, Amberley Publishing Limited, 2013, 978-1-445-62824-0,
• NEWS,weblink The Historical Development of the Port of Faversham, Kent 1580–1780, The Kent Archaeological Field School, 7 June 2015, Wilkinson, Paul, 2006, 6 January 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140106171157weblink">weblink live,

Further reading

• The Great Explosion at Faversham by Arthur Percival

• The Faversham Gunpowder Industry and its Development, by Arthur Percival (Faversham Papers No 4)
• Oare Gunpowder Works, by Wayne Cocroft (Faversham Papers No 39)
• Gunpowder Manufacture at Faversham: Oare and Marsh Factories, by Edward Patterson (Faversham Papers No 42)
• Faversham Gunpowder Personnel Register 1573–1840, by Raymond Godfrey & Arthur Percival (Faversham Papers No 84)
• Faversham Explosives Personnel Register 1841–1934, by John Breeze (2008)

External links

{{Commons category|Faversham}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Faversham}}

• {{Wikivoyage-inline|Faversham}}
• Faversham Town Council website
• The Faversham Website
• The Faversham Society Civic Society website with information about the Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre, Chart Gunpowder Mill and Maison Dieu
• Faversham Gunpowder Mill showing burial plot and list of victims of the April 1916 explosion

{{Good article}}{{Swale}}{{Kent}}{{Authority control}}