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{{short description|Research doctorate in law}}{{Use American English|date=January 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; ),WEB, S.J.D. Program,weblink 2022-11-27, Harvard Law School, en-us, or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD; ),WEB, School, Stanford Law, Doctor of Science of Law (JSD),weblink 2022-11-27, Stanford Law School, en, is a research doctorate degree that is equivalent to a Doctor of Philosophy degree in law.WEB, 20 August 2011, Doctor of Juridical Science â€“ Legal Definition,weblink 18 October 2011, Yourdictionary.com, 14 February 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100214141958weblink">weblink dead, WEB,weblink Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.), 2008-02-11, bot: unknown,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080211110810weblink">weblink 11 February 2008, WEB,weblink LL.M. and S.J.D. Programs, Graduate Studies in Law, Law.virginia.edu, 18 October 2011,

Australia

The SJD is offered by the Australian National University,WEB, Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.), ANU College of Law - ANU,weblink programsandcourses.anu.edu.au, Australian National University, 12 November 2019, Canberra, Australia, Bond University,WEB, Doctor of Legal Science (Research),weblink bond.edu.au, Bond University, 12 November 2019, Gold Coast, Australia, en-AU, 5 November 2019, La Trobe University,WEB, Doctor of Juridical Science,weblink latrobe.edu.au, La Trobe University, 12 November 2019, en, Melbourne, Australia, 24 January 2021,weblink dead, the University of Canberra,WEB, Course - University of Canberra,weblink canberra.edu.au, University of Canberra, 12 November 2019, Canberra, Australia, the University of New South Wales,WEB, Juridical Science (PrDoc),weblink legacy.handbook.unsw.edu.au, University of New South Wales, 12 November 2019, en, 9 March 2017, Sydney, Australia, the University of Sydney,WEB, Sydney Law School, Doctor of Juridical Studies - Sydney Law School - The University of Sydney,weblink sydney.edu.au, University of Sydney, 12 November 2019, en, Sydney, Australia, the University of Technology Sydney,WEB, C02027v5 Doctor of Juridical Science,weblink cis.uts.edu.au, University of Technology Sydney, 12 November 2019, en, Sydney, Australia, and the University of Western Australia.WEB, Doctor of Juridical Science,weblink uwa.edu.au, University of Western Australia, 12 November 2019, Perth, Australia, en, 7 November 2019,

Canada

In Canada, the JSD or SJD is only offered at University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Other law schools in Canada still offer a PhD in law as the terminal degree.

Italy

In Italy, the title of Doctor of Juridical Science (dottore in scienze giuridiche) is awarded to holders of a Degree in Juridical Sciences (laurea in scienze giuridiche, EQF level 6), while Magistral Doctor of Juridical Sciences (dottore magistrale in scienze giuridiche) is awarded to holders of a Magistral Degree in Juridical Sciences (laurea magistrale in scienze giuridiche, EQF level 7).Instead, the terminal degree for law, is the research doctorate (PhD, dottorato di ricerca), awarding the title of Research Doctor (dottore di ricerca).

United States

The JSD, or SJD, is a research doctorate, and as such, in contrast to the JD, it is equivalent to the more commonly awarded research doctorate, the PhD.Doctorate document{{dead link|date=October 2011}} at US Dept. of Education It is considered the "most advanced law degree" by American University Washington College of Law,WEB,weblink SJD Program, wcl.american.edu, 20 October 2023, Georgetown Law Center, Cornell Law School,WEB,weblink J.S.D. Program, lawschool.cornell.edu, 1 March 2021, Harvard Law School,WEB,weblink S.J.D. Courses & Academics, Law.harvard.edu, 18 October 2011, Columbia Law School,WEB, J.S.D. Admissions,weblink 2021-06-10, www.law.columbia.edu, en, Yale Law School,WEB,weblink Yale Law School | Contact the Graduate Programs Office, Law.yale.edu, 18 October 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111028095731weblink">weblink 28 October 2011, NYU Law,WEB,weblink NYU Law â€“ LL.M. & J.S.D.: J.S.D. Program, Law.nyu.edu, 18 October 2011, Penn Law,WEB, Street, The University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School3501 Sansom, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 map 215 898 7483 University of, SJD Program,weblink 2021-03-28, www.law.upenn.edu, en, Stanford Law,WEB, Stanford Law School,weblink Doctor of Science of Law (J.S.D.) | Stanford Law School, Law.stanford.edu, 18 October 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110720050139weblink">weblink 20 July 2011, UVA Law,WEB,weblink S.J.D. Program, 28 February 2017, law.virginia.edu, 4 May 2020, Duke Law School,WEB,weblink S.J.D. Program, law.duke.edu, 9 April 2018, Berkeley Law,WEB,weblink, J.S.D. Program, law.berkeley.edu, 26 March 2018, UCLA School of Law,WEB, https:law.ucla.edu/academics/degrees/sjd-program, Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) at UCLA Law | UCLA Law, Office of Graduate, Studies, law.ucla.edu, Washington University School of Law,WEB,weblink Programs for International Lawyers/Juridicae Scientiae Doctor (J.S.D.) Program, WashULaw, George Washington University Law School,WEB,weblink Doctor of Juridical Science | GW Law, The George Washington University Law School, law.gwu.edu, 9 May 2018, James E. Rogers College of Law,WEB,weblink Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.); The University of Arizona, The University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 19 April 2018, law.arizona.edu, 8 December 2020, Golden Gate University,WEB, Doctor of Juridical Science {{!, SJD {{!}} (GGU) Golden Gate University |url=https://www.goldengateuniversity.com/doctor-of-juridical-science-in-international-legal-studies |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Golden Gate University(GGU) |language=en-IN}} and University of Illinois College of Law.WEB,weblink J.S.D. Application – University of Illinois College of Law, law.illinois.edu, According to Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of LawWEB,weblink S.J.D. Degree, Indylaw.indiana.edu, 18 October 2011, it is the "terminal degree in law designed for individuals interested in academia." The National Association of Legal Professionals states that the JSD/SJD is "the most advanced (or terminal) law degree that would follow the earning of the JD and LLM degrees".WEB,weblink nalp.org, NALP - National Association for Law Placement | Working Glossary, 2 September 2016, Applicants for the program must have outstanding academic credentials.WEB,weblink S.J.D. Degree, law.duke.edu, 26 March 2018, A first degree in law (such as a JD) is required, as well as an LLM.WEB,weblink Doctor of Juridical Science Degree, Law.gwu.edu, 18 October 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111105143245weblink">weblink 5 November 2011, Exceptions as to the latter condition (i.e., holding an LLM) are seldom—if ever—granted.WEB,weblink Georgetown Law â€“ Doctor of Juridical Science (Admissions), Law.georgetown.edu, 21 September 2011, 18 October 2011, The JSD/SJD typically requires three to five years to complete.WEB,weblink Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) Requirements, Law.duke.edu, 18 October 2011, The program begins with a combination of required and elective coursework. Then, upon passage of the oral exam, the student advances to doctoral candidacy. Completion of the program requires a dissertation, which serves as an original contribution to the scholarly field of law.WEB,weblink Tulane Law School Prospective Students, Law.tulane.edu, 18 October 2011, Despite its terminal status, the JSD/SJD is rarely earned by American scholars. The American Bar Association considers the first-level JD a sufficient academic credential for the instruction of the law. This has been adopted by virtually all American law schools, though outstanding academic performance and an extensive record of legal publications are usually required for tenure-track employment at most universities. Most scholars who complete the JSD/SJD at American universities are either international students seeking academic employment in their home countries (where a research doctorate may be required) or American scholars already employed, and who wish to further their legal education at the highest level.Notable recipients of the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science include:

• Sang-Hyun Song (Cornell Law School, 1970), President of the International Criminal Court (ICC)
• Lobsang Sangay (Harvard, 2004), former President of the Central Tibetan Administration and professor of law at Harvard University
• Charles Hamilton Houston (Harvard, 1923), prominent civil rights attorneyBOOK, Houston, Charles Hamilton, Charles H. Houston: an interdisciplinary study of civil rights leadership, 2012, Lexington Books, Lanham [Md.], 9780739143582, 5,
• Pauli Murray (Yale, 1965), prominent civil rights advocateNEWS, Jonathan, Yardley, A Woman's Triumphs in a Fight for Justice, 7 May 1987,weblink's+Triumphs+In+a+Fight+for+Justice&pqatl=google, Newsday, 30 March 2010, 16 June 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130616231018weblink">weblink dead,
• Ayala Procaccia (University of Pennsylvania, 1972), Israel Supreme Court Justice
• Edward H. Levi (Yale, 1938) President of University of Chicago, US Attorney General
• Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou (Columbia, 2011), member of the Hellenic Parliament
• Christos Rozakis (University of Illinois, 1973) (President of the Administrative Tribunal of the Council of Europe and former vice-president of the European Court of Human Rights)
• Ma Ying-jeou (Harvard, 1980), President of the Republic of China
• Theodor Meron (Harvard), professor of law (New York University School of Law) and president of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
• Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud (Harvard, 1986), Justice of the Supreme Court of India
• Katherine Franke (Yale Law School, 1998), Sulzbacher Professor of Law, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Columbia University; Director, Center for Gender and Sexuality Law at Columbia Law School; Faculty Director, The Law, Rights, and Religion Project at Columbia Law SchoolWEB,weblink law.columbia.edu, Katherine Franke &124; Faculty &124; Columbia Law School, 2 September 2016,
• Lucian Bebchuk (Harvard, 1984), William J. Friedman and Alicia Townsend Friedman Professor of Law, Economics, and Finance Director, Program on Corporate Governance, Harvard Law School.WEB,weblink Harvard Law School, hls.harvard.edu, Lucian A. Bebchuk &124; Harvard Law School, 2 September 2016,
• Xue Hanqin (Columbia, 1995), U.N. International Court of Justice judge

See also

• Doctor of Law
• Legum Doctor (Doctor of Laws; LLD)
• Juris Doctor (JD)
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Bachelor of Laws (LLB)
• Doctor of Canon Law, Catholic Church (JCD)

Notes and references

{{Reflist|30em}}{{Academic degrees}}