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{{short description|Republican city of Latvia}}{{Redirect|Dinaburg|the football team|Dinaburg FC}}

factoids

List of sovereign states>Country| subdivision_name = Latvia| subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = Established| established_date = 1275| established_title1 = Town rights| established_date1 = 1582| government_type = Mayor>Chairman of the City Council| leader_name = Andrejs ElksniņšIndependent (politician)>Independent| leader_title1 = Number of city council members| leader_name1 = 15referenceP518=Q16868672}}propertiesqualifiersrawP2046|P518=Q16868672}}propertiesqualifiersrawP2046|P518=Q11081619}}propertiesqualifiersrawP2046propertiesqualifiersrawP2046|P518=Q11081619}}}}| elevation_max_m = 139| elevation_min_m = 86references|P1082}}propertybestP1082}}formatDatequalifierrawP1082df=y}}| population_rank = 2| population_density_km2 = auto| population_density_sq_mi = | population_urban_footnotes =| population_urban = | population_metro = 105,047 (with Augšdaugava Municipality)| population_density = | population_density_rank = | demographics_type1 = GDPWEBSITE=STAT.GOV.LV, | demographics1_title1 = State city| demographics1_info1 = €0.858 billion (2021)| demographics1_title2 = Per capita| demographics1_info2 = €10,900 (2021)Eastern European Time>EET| utc_offset = +2Eastern European Summer Time>EEST| utc_offset_DST = +3| postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = LV-54(01–65)Telephone numbering plan>Calling code| area_code = (+371) 654weblink}}| footnotes = | official_name = Köppen climate classification>ClimateHumid continental climate>Dfb}}Daugavpils (see also other names) is a state city in southeastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city derives its name.WEB, History,weblink Daugavpils.lv, 29 March 2022, en, The parts of the city to the north of the river belong to the historical Latvian region of Latgale, and those to the south lie in Selonia. It is the second-largest city in the country after the capital Riga, which is located some {{convert|230|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest and is the ninth most populous city in the Baltic states.Daugavpils is located relatively close to Belarus and Lithuania (distances of {{convert|33|km|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|25|km|0|abbr=on}}, respectively), and some {{convert|120|km|0|abbr=on}} from the Latvian border with Russia. Daugavpils is a major railway junction and industrial centre, and was an historically important garrison city lying approximately midway between Riga and Minsk, and between Warsaw and Saint Petersburg.Daugavpils, then called Dyneburg, was the capital of Polish Livonia while in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Following the first partition of Poland in 1772, the city became part of the Russian Empire. Since the Second World War, it has maintained an overwhelmingly Russian-speaking population, with Latvians and Poles being significant minorities. Historically, German and Yiddish were additional prominent native languages.

Names

In the Latvian language, the current name Daugavpils ({{IPA-lv|ˈdauɡaupils|-|Lv-Daugavpils.ogg}}) references Daugava and the Latvian word pils (meaning "castle" - cognate with Lithuanian pilis, with Greek polispils and with Old Prussian pilsWEB, Rantawa.org, Prūsisks wirdeīns,weblink 2023-08-31, Prūsisks wirdeīns, ).Historically, several names in various languages have identified Daugavpils. Some are still in use today.

• (); historically (),In TaraÅ¡kievica it is spelled (), ()
• Rene Levoll: "The last motor race of the empire (ee: Impeeriumi viimane motovõistlus, de: Das letzte Autorennen des Imperiums)", Tallinn 2014, Estonian Old Technics Museum Foundation, page 81 "list of former and present place names of places" ({{IPA-de|ˈdyːnaËŒbʊʁk|-|De-Dünaburg.ogg}})
• , {{IPA-all|ˈdaÊŠkʲpʲilʲsʲ|}}
• ; historically: (), (), (), ()
• (), (), ()

File:Daugavpils COA 1582.jpg|Coat of arms of Daugavpils (then "Dyneburg") in 1582

Chronology of name changes

• Dünaburg (1275–1656)
• Borisoglebov (1656–1667)
• Dünaburg (1667–1893)
• Dvinsk (1893–1920)
• Daugavpils (since 1920)

History

(File:Downtown Daugavpils (Dvinsk) early 20th century.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Daugavpils (Dvinsk) town centre at the beginning of the 20th century)File:Dvinsk 1912.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A 1912 photo by Prokudin-Gorsky ]]The town's history began in 1275 when the Livonian Order, led by Ernst von Ratzeburg, built Dünaburg Castle {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} up the Daugava river from where Daugavpils is now situated. In 1561 it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, subsequently, of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569 (see Duchy of Livonia). In 1621 Daugavpils became the capital of the newly formed Inflanty Voivodeship, which existed until the First Partition of Poland (1772). In 1577 the Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible captured and destroyed Dünaburg castle. That same year, a new castle and a town were built {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} downriver, by the Polish King Stephen Báthory. In 1582 Daugavpils was granted Magdeburg town rights. In 1654, Russia invaded Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, seizing much of the eastern lands. Russian troops besieged Daugavpils in April and May 1655, but did not capture the city; it was only taken by Swedish troops on July 11, 1655, who invaded Poland at that time.{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=10}} When the Russo-Swedish war started, the Russians captured Daugavpils on 10 August 1656, renamed the town Borisoglebov and controlled the region for 11 years, between 1656 and 1667.{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=11}} Russia returned the area of Latgale to Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667).{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=11}} Called Dyneburg, the city became the capital of the Inflanty Voivodeship, also known as the Duchy of Livonia, and the starostwo of Dyneburg.{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=11}} It was a place of local sejmik's gatherings.{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=11}} Roman Catholic Bishop of Inflanty, who was always residing outside of diocese, moved his seat to Dyneburg at the end of 17th century.{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=15}} At the end of the 18th century, 540 people lived in the city itself, but counting the population of the suburbs the number was 1,373.{{Sfn|Dybaś|Jeziorski|2018|p=18}}It became part of the Russian Empire after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. It was the uyezd administrative center as part of the Pskov Governorate (1772-1776), Polotsk (1776-1796), Belarusian (1796-1802), and finally Vitebsk (1802-1917), first as Dinaburg, then Dvinsk later during Russian rule.From 1784 onwards, the city had a large and active Jewish population,WEB,weblink Jewish families of Dvinsk, jewishgen.org, 2008-07-12, File:5 pp w Dyneburgu 1920.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Polish 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment5th Legions' Infantry RegimentThe construction of the Daugavpils fortress began in 1810 and was completed in 1878.WEB, History,weblink 2024-04-04, Daugavpils.lv, en, The new centre of the city was built southeast of the fortress in the 19th century according to the project endorsed in St. Petersburg in 1826.WEB, The Historical Centre of Daugavpils City,weblink 2024-04-04, visitdaugavpils.lv, The city was located on the Saint Petersburg-Warsaw railway line, to which it was connected in 1860.As part of the Russian Empire, the city was called Dvinsk from 1893 to 1920. The newly independent Latvian state renamed it Daugavpils in 1920. Latvians, Poles and Soviet troops fought the Battle of Daugavpils in the area from 1919 to 1920. Daugavpils and the whole of Latvia was under Soviet rule between 1940–41 and 1944–1991. Nazi Brandenburgers led the German attack against the town in 1941, speaking Russian and wearing Soviet uniforms, and Germany occupied it between 1941 and 1944. The Nazis established the Daugavpils Ghetto where the town's Jews were forced to live. Most were murdered. During the Cold War the Lociki air-base operated {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Daugavpils itself. In the late Soviet era, there was a proposal to build a hydroelectric power station on the Daugava river that was successfully opposed by the nascent environmental movement in Latvia.On 16 April 2010 an assassin shot vice-mayor Grigorijs Ņemcovs in the center of the city. He died almost immediately and the crime remains unsolved.WEB,weblink Nošauts Daugavpils vicemērs Grigorijs Ņemcovs, tvnet.lv, lv, 2010-04-16, 2010-04-30,

Jewish history

{{Original research section|date=October 2018}}File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B11441, Libau, Zusammengetriebene Juden.jpg|thumb|Daugavpils GhettoDaugavpils GhettoPrior to 1941, Daugavpils, called Dvinsk by its Jewish inhabitants, was home to the most prominent Jewish community in eastern Latvia. The city was already a Jewish center as early as the 1780s and by the time of the 1897 census, they numbered 32,400 (44% of the overall population of the city). By 1911 they had increased to 50,000. The Jews of the town were very prosperous and ran 32 factories and there were 4000 artisans among them.The city not only boasted a large Jewish population but a rich religious culture including 40 synagogues. The city was home to two of the most prominent rabbis of their time: Joseph Rosen (1858–1936), known as the Rogatchover Gaon (genius from Rahachow), was famed for his commentaries on the works of Maimonides and on the Talmud. Famed for his acidic wit and penetrating genius, he led the towns Hasidic Jews. His 'competitor', the leader of the local Misnagdim (non-Hasidic Jews) was the Rabbi Meir Simcha of Dvinsk (1843–1926). Rabbi Meir Simcha was also renowned for his work on Maimonides (Or Somayach) as well as Bible commentary Meshech Chochma. In one famous comment he predicted that since some Jews had assimilated and viewed Berlin as their 'Jerusalem' they would suffer persecution originating in Berlin.Another famous Jewish resident was the abstract expressionist painter Mark Rothko. Born in Daugavpils in 1903 he immigrated at the age of 10 to the United States where he painted over 800 paintings in his unique style. Sarah Azariahu was born here in 1873. She was a leading figure in establishing equal rights for women in Israel.NEWS, סער, צפי, 2012-03-07, האשה שנלחמה על זכות הבחירה,weblink 2024-03-14, הארץ, he, In the last census taken prior to the Second World War, in 1935, the Jewish population of Daugavpils numbered 11,106 (24.6% of the overall population of the city).Latvian Population Census - 1935, Part 4, NationalitiesJewish Daugavpils, a 16,000 strong community, came to an end following the Nazi German invasion on 26 June 1941. Falsely claiming that the Jews had conspired to set fire to the town and that they were assisting the Soviet army, the Germans and their Latvian collaborators carried out large executions on 28–29 June. During July the Jews were enslaved and forced to cut down timber. On 7–11 July Einsatzkommando 1b under Erich Ehrlinger executed many of the remaining Jews. Later in July the 14,000 remaining Jews were forced into a Ghetto along with those from nearby towns. By the end of August an additional 7000 Jews had died at the hands of the Nazis and the local Latvian collaborators. The largest execution took place in November 1941 and was followed by plagues that decimated the few survivors. Only about 1500 Jews remained in the city. These were murdered on 1 May 1942. When the town was liberated in 1944 only 100 survivors remained of a community of 16,000. For more on the Holocaust in Daugavpils see Daugavpils Ghetto.

Geography

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Daugavpils features a humid continental climate (Dfb), with warm summers and cold winters.{{Weather box|location = Daugavpils (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1891−present)|metric first = Yes|single line = Yes|Jan record high C = 11.1|Feb record high C = 13.1|Mar record high C = 18.4|Apr record high C = 27.4|May record high C = 31.8|Jun record high C = 33.1|Jul record high C = 35.1|Aug record high C = 33.5|Sep record high C = 31.3|Oct record high C = 23.6|Nov record high C = 16.3|Dec record high C = 10.6|year record high C = |Jan avg record high C = 4.6|Feb avg record high C = 5.1|Mar avg record high C = 12.1|Apr avg record high C = 22.1|May avg record high C = 26.4|Jun avg record high C = 28.1|Jul avg record high C = 30.2|Aug avg record high C = 29.3|Sep avg record high C = 24.4|Oct avg record high C = 17.8|Nov avg record high C = 10.4|Dec avg record high C = 6.2|year avg record high C = 31.4|Jan high C = -1.8|Feb high C = -1.1|Mar high C = 4.0|Apr high C = 12.2|May high C = 18.1|Jun high C = 21.4|Jul high C = 23.7|Aug high C = 22.5|Sep high C = 17.0|Oct high C = 9.9|Nov high C = 3.6|Dec high C = -0.2|year high C = |Jan mean C = -4.1|Feb mean C = -4.1|Mar mean C = 0.0|Apr mean C = 6.7|May mean C = 12.2|Jun mean C = 15.8|Jul mean C = 18.1|Aug mean C = 16.8|Sep mean C = 11.9|Oct mean C = 6.3|Nov mean C = 1.5|Dec mean C = -2.2|year mean C = |Jan low C = -7.0|Feb low C = -7.7|Mar low C = -4.3|Apr low C = 1.1|May low C = 5.7|Jun low C = 9.7|Jul low C = 12.1|Aug low C = 11.0|Sep low C = 7.0|Oct low C = 2.7|Nov low C = -0.8|Dec low C = -4.5|year low C = |Jan avg record low C = -21.7|Feb avg record low C = -21.0|Mar avg record low C = -13.9|Apr avg record low C = -5.9|May avg record low C = -1.6|Jun avg record low C = 3.4|Jul avg record low C = 6.9|Aug avg record low C = 4.8|Sep avg record low C = -0.4|Oct avg record low C = -5.1|Nov avg record low C = -10.0|Dec avg record low C = -14.9|year avg record low C = -25.7|Jan record low C = -42.7|Feb record low C = -43.2|Mar record low C = -32.0|Apr record low C = -18.6|May record low C = -5.5|Jun record low C = -1.3|Jul record low C = 2.1|Aug record low C = -1.5|Sep record low C = -5.0|Oct record low C = -14.7|Nov record low C = -24.1|Dec record low C = -38.7|year record low C = |precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation mm = 40.3|Feb precipitation mm = 38.7|Mar precipitation mm = 35.5|Apr precipitation mm = 34.6|May precipitation mm = 61.6|Jun precipitation mm = 74.2|Jul precipitation mm = 72.9|Aug precipitation mm = 71.7|Sep precipitation mm = 56.1|Oct precipitation mm = 58.6|Nov precipitation mm = 48.4|Dec precipitation mm = 42.8|year precipitation mm = |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days = 11|Feb precipitation days = 10|Mar precipitation days = 9|Apr precipitation days = 7|May precipitation days = 9|Jun precipitation days = 11|Jul precipitation days = 10|Aug precipitation days = 10|Sep precipitation days = 9|Oct precipitation days = 10|Nov precipitation days = 10|Dec precipitation days = 11|year precipitation days = 117| Jan humidity = 87.1| Feb humidity = 84.8| Mar humidity = 76.6| Apr humidity = 68.2| May humidity = 68.6| Jun humidity = 72.3| Jul humidity = 74.6| Aug humidity = 77.0| Sep humidity = 82.0| Oct humidity = 85.4| Nov humidity = 88.7| Dec humidity = 88.7| year humidity = |Jan sun = 35.1|Feb sun = 62.2|Mar sun = 133.4|Apr sun = 195.1|May sun = 270.2|Jun sun = 271.9|Jul sun = 277.2|Aug sun = 244.5|Sep sun = 156.4|Oct sun = 87.9|Nov sun = 30.5|Dec sun = 24.9|year sun = |source 1 = LVĢMCWEB,weblink Klimatisko normu dati, lv, Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, March 19, 2023, WEB,weblink Gaisa temperatūras rekordi, lv, Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, March 19, 2023, |source 2 = NOAA (precipitation days, humidity 1991–2020)WEB,weblink Daugavpils Climate Normals 1991–2020, en-us, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, November 28, 2015, InfoclimatWEB,weblink Climatologie de l'année à Daugavpils, fr, Infoclimat, 26 October 2023, }}

Demographics

(File:Daugavpils population 1772-2008.png|thumb|right|350px|Dynamics of the population of Daugavpils in 1772–2008){{As of|2023|1|1|post=,}} the city had a population of 78,850.WEB,weblink Population in regions, State cities and municipalities by age and gender at the beginning of the year – Territorial unit, Sex, Time period and Age, National Statistical System of Latvia, 25 February 2024, Historically, Daugavpils has been known to be a multicultural city and according to the census carried out in 1935, the demographic image of the city was completely different: totaling 45 160 inhabitants, Latvians made 33.57%, followed by Jewish people making 24.59%, then Polish people equaling 18.15%, Russians 17.84%, and Belarussians 2.56%.WEB,weblink Fourth Population Census In Latvia in 1935, Centrālā statistikas pārvalde, In Daugavpils 85% of the voters supported the proposal to make Russian the second state language in the 2012 referendum.cvk.lv, 18.02.2012{{bar box|width = 300px|float = middleACCESS-DATE=17 JULY 2022, |titlebar = #ddd|bars ={{bar percent|Russians|Yellow|48.6}}{{bar percent|Latvians|Green|20.1}}{{bar percent|Poles|Red|13.3}}{{bar percent|Belarusians|Black|7.6}}{{bar percent|Ukrainians|Gray|2.0}}{{bar percent|Lithuanians|Pink|0.9}}{{bar percent|Roma|Lime|0.4}}{{bar percent|Others|Blue|7.1}}}}

Religion

File:Daugavpils Borisa un Gļeba pareizticīgo katedrāle - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Ss Boris and Gleb Orthodox Cathedral at Church Hill. It is the biggest Orthodox church in Latvia]]Church Hill (Baznīcu kalns) is a city landmark. Very prominently, all of the main denominations practiced in Latvia: Lutheran, Catholic, Orthodox and Old Believer are represented.Places of worship in the city:

• Martin Luther Cathedral
• Ss. Boris and Gleb Cathedral
• (:ru:Александро-Невский собор (Даугавпилс)|St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral)
• (:ru:Церковь Александра Невского (Даугавпилс)|St. Alexander Nevsky Church)
• (:lv:Daugavpils Jaunavas Marijas BezvainÄ«gās IeņemÅ¡anas Romas katoļu baznÄ«ca|Immaculate Conception Catholic Church)
• (:lv:Daugavpils SvÄ“tā PÄ“tera baznÄ«ca|St. Peter-in-Chains Catholic Church)
• (:lv:Daugavpils JÄ“zus Sirds baznÄ«ca|Heart of Jesus Catholic Church)
• (:lv:GrÄ«vas katoļu baznÄ«ca|GrÄ«va Catholic Church)
• (:lv:Daugavpils SvÄ“tā Nikolaja vecticÄ«bnieku baznÄ«ca|First Old Believers’ House of Prayer)
• (:ru:Николо-Покровский Старофорштадский старообрядческий храм|VecforÅ¡tate Old Believers' House of Prayer)
• (:lv:Daugavpils sinagoga|Daugavpils Synagogue) - restored 2003-2006

Before the Second World War, there were more than 40 synagogues in the city.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

Art, architecture, and culture

File:Daugavpils modern architecture Saules street.jpg|thumb|An Art NouveauArt NouveauDaugavpils is an important cultural centre in eastern Latvia. There are 22 primary and secondary schools, four vocational schools, and the Saules College of Art. More than 1,000 teachers and engineers graduate from the University of Daugavpils (formerly Daugavpils Pedagogical University) and the local branch of Riga Technical University annually.There is also a Polish gymnasium (academic secondary school) on Varšavas iela (Warsaw Street).

Historical centre

The historical centre of Daugavpils city is an architectural heritage of national importance (the construction work was carried out in the 19th century according to the project endorsed in St Petersburg in 1826).The historical centre is the greatest attraction of the city and one of the most successful examples of balancing the aspects of ancient and modern times. Daugavpils is one of the few cities in Latvia which can pride itself on a unified ensemble of both classic and eclectic styles. The cultural heritage of architectural, artistic, industrial, and historical monuments combined with the picturesque surroundings create the essence of Daugavpils’ image and endow it with a special charm.In 2020, the municipality allocated 70,000 euros for the restoration of eight historical buildings, including Art Nouveau and red brick buildings.NEWS,weblink Daugavpils to spend 70,000 on historical restorations, 21 February 2020, Public Broadcasting of Latvia, 23 March 2020, There are also several architectural, historical, and cultural monuments in Daugavpils. The most prominent are:

• Daugavpils fortress - built in the years 1810-1878, after the decree of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. In April 2013 the Mark Rothko Art centre was opened in the fortress. Formerly, the fortress hosted also the Baroque Daugavpils Jesuit Church,WEB, Pro Hereditate Catholica - Daugavpils jezuÄ«tu baznÄ«cas vÄ“sture un kādreizÄ“jā nozÄ«me,weblink 2024-04-04, fsspx-fsipd.lv, but it was destroyed in 1944 and the ruins were demolished in 1950s.
• (:lv:Daugavpils SvÄ“tā PÄ“tera baznÄ«ca|St. Peter-in-Chains Catholic Church) - the oldest preserved church in the city, built in 1845-1848 and rebuilt in 1924-1934.
• (:ru:Александро-Невский собор (Даугавпилс)|Alexander Nevsky Cathedral) - Orthodox church built in 1999-2003 in place of the old Orthodox cathedral, which was built in 1856-1864 and destroyed in 1969.
• (:lv:Daugavpils_sinagoga|Daugavpils Synagogue) - built in 1850
• Church Hill (BaznÄ«ci kalnas) - place where the churches of four christian denominations are located next to each other: (:lv:Daugavpils Jaunavas Marijas BezvainÄ«gās IeņemÅ¡anas Romas katoļu baznÄ«ca|Immaculate Conception Catholic Church), Martin Luther Cathedral, Ss. Boris and Gleb Cathedral and (:lv:Daugavpils SvÄ“tā Nikolaja vecticÄ«bnieku baznÄ«ca|First Old Believers’ House of Prayer).
• Daugavpils Theatre - built in 1937-1938 by Verners Vitands and restored in 2007.
• Socialist realist buildings of the Daugavpils railway station and the University of Daugavpils
• Daugavpils Regional Studies and Art Museum

File:Nikolaja vārti. Ārējā fasāde.JPG|Nicholas Gate at Daugavpils FortressFile:Artillery arsenal, Daugavpils fortress, 2014.jpg|Mark Rothko Art CentreFile:Daugavpils Sv. Pētera katoļu baznīca 2000-07-21.jpg|St. Peter-in-Chains Catholic ChurchFile:Daugavpils Immaculate Conception Roman Catholic Church.jpg|Immaculate Conception Catholic ChurchFile:Daugavpils Evangelical Lutheran church of Martin Luther12.JPG|Martin Luther CathedralFile:Ss Boris and Gleb Cathedral, Daugavpils.jpg|Ss. Boris and Gleb Orthodox CathedralFile:Старообрядческий храм св. Николы. - panoramio.jpg|First Old Believers’ House of PrayerFile:Vienības nams 092011.jpg|Daugavpils TheatreFile:47364 Uniwersytet Dyneburski.jpg|University of DaugavpilsFile:Daugavpils railway station4 LV.JPG|Train station

Red brick buildings

(File:GimnazjumPolskieDyneburg.JPG|thumb|right|Polish-language gymnasium (academic secondary school))Daugavpils is exceptionally rich in red brick buildings. This style was developed by many outstanding architects. In Daugavpils, this variety of eclecticism is most widely represented in the buildings designed by Wilhelm Neumann, an architect of German origin who was the chief architect of the city from 1878 to 1895. Bright examples of brick architecture are the buildings at 1/3 Saules Street and at 8 Muzeja Street. The shape-forming techniques typical of eclecticism that were applied in the façades of these buildings even many decades later make one appreciate and admire the striking accuracy of detail.

Transport

{{See also|Daugavpils Satiksme}}(File:DauagvpilsKTM-31.jpg|thumb|right|Daugavpils tram)Daugavpils satiksme AS oversees the city's bus and tram networks.The city's railway station is the terminus of the Riga–Daugavpils Railway.A former Soviet Air Force base is located at Lociki {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of downtown Daugavpils with the potential to be redeveloped as a civilian or military/civilian airport, although no plans have come to fruition {{as of|2023|lc=y|post=.}}WEB,weblink Daugavpils |, Daugavpils.lv, 2011-09-15, WEB,weblink Daugavpils |, Daugavpils.lv, 2011-09-15, NEWS, PaÅ¡valdÄ«ba lemj par SIA "Daugavpils lidosta" likvidāciju,weblink 20 February 2023, Daugavpils.lv, 15 July 2021, lv, Griva Airfield is located 4 km NW of Daugavpils, next to the river. It's movements mainly involve parachute jumping and paragliding.WEB, Griva (14/32) {{!, |url=https://myairfields.com/old/?p=161|access-date=2021-12-31|language=en-US}}

Government

(File:Daugavpils city hall.jpg|thumb|Daugavpils City Hall)The head of the city government is the mayor of Daugavpils or, literally, 'Council Chairman' (domes priekšsēdētājs). The incumbent since January 2019 is Andrejs Elksniņš from Harmony, albeit coalition talks are still ongoing. It is his second term in office, after his initial term was ended after the coalition broke apart in September 2017 less than a month following the 2017 municipal elections and he was succeeded by {{Interlanguage link multi|Rihards Eigims|lv|3=Rihards Eigims}} of the Latvian Green Party (elected on the "Our Party" electoral list). "Our Party" governed in coalition with the Latgale Party of the previous mayor Jānis Lāčplēsis. Eigims was previously mayor from 2001–2003 as leader of the Light of Latgale party and briefly in 2009 as a member of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party.The Council consists of 15 members who are elected every four years. The most recent election was in 2017.

Economy

Significant industrial employers include the Daugavpils Locomotive Repair Plant (Daugavpils Lokomotīvju Remonta Rūpnīca), the Ditton Driving Chain Factory (Ditton pievadķēžu rūpnīca), Latvijas Maiznieks bread factory and the Ziegler GmbH machine works. During the Soviet era, the city was well industrialised with a number of prominent large manufacturing units. However, nowadays only a few of those have remained still working. The city council is trying to attract new investments and thus created a number of free industrial zones around the whole city that might be interesting due to the strategically efficient geographical position of the city close to the Russian, Belarusian and Lithuanian borders.

Sports

(File:Daugavpils Multifunctional Sports Complex.jpg|right|thumb|Daugavpils Olympic Centre)The Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia is currently held at the Latvijas Spīdveja Centrs with America's triple World Champion Greg Hancock being the most successful rider in Latvia winning the GP in 2009, 2009 and 2013. Lokomotiv Daugavpils is a Motorcycle speedway team which successfully competes in the Polish league system.The football club BFC Daugavpils play at Celtnieks Stadium in Daugavpils. They play in the Latvian Higher League. In the past there was Dinaburg FC which played at the former Daugava Stadium.FBC Latgale represent the city in floorball. There is also a hockey team called HK Dinaburga, which currently plays in the Latvian Hockey Higher League.In 2008 the construction of the Daugavpils Multifunctional Sports Complex was started and was completed in October 2009.

Notable residents

File:GotthardKettler2.jpg|thumb|upright|Gotthard KettlerGotthard KettlerFile:Consuelo Kanaga, Mark Rothko, Yorktown Heights, ca. 1949.jpg|thumb|upright|Mark RothkoMark Rothko

• Andris Ambainis (born 1975), Latvian computer scientist
• KonstantÄ«ns Calko (born 1994), Latvian racing driver
• Aleksandrs Cauņa (born 1988), Latvian footballer
• (:pl:Teresa CzerwiÅ„ska|Teresa CzerwiÅ„ska) (born 1974), Polish economist, Minister of Finance of Poland (2018–2019)
• Leonid Dobychin (1894–1936), Russian writer
• Movsas Feigins (MovÅ¡a Feigins, 1908–1950), Latvian chess master
• Grzegorz Fitelberg (1879–1953), Polish composer and conductor
• Isser Harel (born Isser Halperin) (c. 1912–2003), Israeli spymaster
• KastuÅ› (Kanstancin) JezavitaÅ­ (1893–1946), political and military leader within the Belarusian independence movementJezavitaÅ­ Kanstantyn
• Gotthard Kettler (1517–1587), last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia
• Abraham Isaac Kook (1864–1935), rabbi, thinker, diplomat, mediator, scholar
• Pinchas HaKohen Lintup (1851–1924), rabbi and Kabbalist
• Solomon Mikhoels (1890–1948), Soviet Jewish actor and director
• Viktoria Modesta (born 1988), Latvian-born British singer-songwriter, performance artist, and model
• Grigorijs Å…emcovs (1948–2010), Latvian journalist, businessman and politician
• Nicolai Poliakoff OBE (1900–1974), creator of Coco the Clown
• WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Raginis (1908–1939), Polish officer
• Rogatchover Gaon (1858–1936), rabbi
• Mark Rothko (1903–1970), American abstract expressionist painter
• Isaak Illich Rubin (1886–1931), Jewish political economist and socialist activist
• Artjoms Rudņevs (born 1988), Latvian footballer
• Uļjana Semjonova (born 1952), basketball player
• Meir Simcha of Dvinsk (1843–1926), rabbi
• Isaac Nachman Steinberg (1888–1957), writer, politician, co-founder of the Freeland League
• WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Studnicki (1867–1953), Polish politician and publicist
• StanisÅ‚aw Swianiewicz (1899–1997), Polish economist and historian
• Deniss Vasiļjevs (born 1999), Latvian figure skater
• Vitas (born 1979), Russian singer, songwriter, composer, actor and fashion designer

Twin towns – sister cities

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia}}Daugavpils is twinned with:WEB, Sadraudzības pilsētas,weblink daugavspils.lv, Daugavpils, lv, 2019-08-30, {{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|ARM}} Alaverdi, Armenia
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Babruysk, Belarus
• {{flagicon|GEO}} Batumi, Georgia
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Central Administrative Okrug (Moscow), Russia
• {{flagicon|ITA}} Ferrara, Italy
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Harbin, China
• {{flagicon|UKR}} Kharkiv, Ukraine
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Lida, Belarus
• {{flagicon|GER}} Magdeburg, Germany
• {{flagicon|SWE}} Motala, Sweden
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Naro-Fominsk, Russia
• {{flagicon|LTU}} Panevėžys, Lithuania
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Pskov, Russia
• {{flagicon|POL}} Radom, Poland
• {{flagicon|ISR}} Ramla, Israel
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Saint Petersburg, Russia
• {{flagicon|ARM}} Vagharshapat, Armenia
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Vitebsk, Belarus

{{div col end}}

Significant depictions in popular culture

• Dunaburg (Daugavpils) is one of the starting towns of the State of the Teutonic Order in the turn-based strategy game (Medieval II: Total War: KingdomsTeutonic campaign|Medieval II: Total War: Kingdoms).WEB, The Teutonic Order (M2TW-K-TC faction),weblink wiki.totalwar.com, 27 November 2019,

See also

• Daugavpils Ice Arena

Notes

References

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

• BOOK, DybaÅ›, BogusÅ‚aw, Szlachta polsko-inflancka wobec przeÅ‚omu. MateriaÅ‚y z dyneburskich akt grodzkich i ziemskich z lat 1764 –1775, Jeziorski, PaweÅ‚ A., 2018, ToruÅ„, pl,

External links

{{Sister project links|commons=Category:Daugavpils|wikt=Daugavpils|b=no|q=no|s=no|n=no|v=no|species=no}}

• Information portal {{in lang|ru}}
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190930222822weblink">Information-entertaining portal {{in lang|ru}}
• {{Wikivoyage-inline|Daugavpils}}
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140116133117weblink">Enterprises of Daugavpils
• The murder of the Jews of Daugavpils during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
• {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|3207863|Daugavpils, Latvia}}
• Daugavpils City Government {{in lang|en}}

{{Administrative divisions of Latvia}}{{Authority control}}