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{{Short description|SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft}}{{Use American English|date=June 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}{{DISPLAYTITLE:Crew Dragon Endeavour}}

factoids

| serial = C206| owner = SpaceX| manufacturer = SpaceX4.43.7abbr=on}}| dry_mass = | communciation = | power = Solar panel| rocket = Falcon 9 Block 5| location = International Space Station| first_flight_date = 30 May – 2 August 2020Crew Dragon Demo-2>SpaceX Demo-2| last_flight_date = 4 March 2024 - Present| last_flight = SpaceX Crew-8 | flights = 5| time = Currently in orbit| travelled = | orbits = Crew Dragon C205>C205Crew Dragon Resilience>Resilience}}Crew Dragon Endeavour (Dragon capsule C206) is a Crew Dragon space capsule manufactured and operated by SpaceX and used by NASA's Commercial Crew Program. {{asof|2024}} it has successfully completed four crewed missions to the International Space Station (ISS), and is currently conducting a fifth. It was first launched into orbit atop a Falcon 9 rocket on 30 May 2020 and successfully docked to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission. This was the first crewed flight test of a Dragon capsule, carrying Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken on first crewed orbital spaceflight from the United States since STS-135 in July 2011 and the first crewed orbital spaceflight by a private company. On 2 August 2020 it returned to Earth. The spacecraft was named by Hurley and Behnken after the {{OV|105}}, aboard which they first flew into space during the STS-127 and STS-123 missions, respectively. The name Endeavour is also shared by the command module of Apollo 15. The spacecraft's second mission, Crew-2, ended 8 November 2021 after having spent almost 200 days in orbit. Crew Dragon Endeavour set the record for the longest spaceflight by a U.S. crew vehicle previously set by her sibling Crew Dragon Resilience on 2 May 2021.NEWS, Gorman, Steve, NASA-SpaceX crew returns from record mission aboard International Space Station,weblink Reuters, 9 November 2021, 9 November 2021, Collectively, Endeavour has spent over 450 days in orbit, the most time in orbit by a crewed spacecraft, surpassing Space Shuttle Discovery.TWEET, SpaceX, 1457916148075274242, 9 November 2021, Since this Dragon also completed the 63-day Demo-2 mission last year, it has now clocked over 260 days in space,weblink 14 March 2022, live,

History

After the success of Crew Dragon Demo-1 using Crew Dragon C204, that spacecraft was originally planned to be used for the Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test. However, on 20 April 2019, Crew Dragon C204 was destroyed in an explosion during static fire testing at the Landing Zone 1 facility.TWEET, 1119754804258062337, JimBridenstine, NASA has been notified about the results of the @SpaceX Static Fire Test and the anomaly that occurred during the final test. We will work closely to ensure we safely move forward with our Commercial Crew Program, 20 April 2019, WEB,weblink SpaceX confirmed that its Crew Dragon spaceship for NASA was 'destroyed' by a recent test. Here's what we learned about the explosive failure., Mosher, Dave, Business Insider, 6 May 2019, On the day of the anomaly, the initial testing of the Crew Dragon's Draco thrusters was successful, with the explosion occurring during the test of the SuperDraco abort system.WEB,weblink UPDATE: IN-FLIGHT ABORT STATIC FIRE TEST ANOMALY INVESTIGATION,weblink 18 July 2019, Shanklin, Emily, 15 July 2019, SpaceX, 18 July 2019, dead, Crew Dragon C205, then slated to be used for the Demo-2 mission, was subsequently used for the in-flight abort test. Endeavour, then, was assigned to the Demo-2 mission, replacing Crew Dragon C205. On 17 April 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced the launch date of the crewed Crew Dragon mission to the International Space Station to be on 27 May 2020.TWEET, 1251178705633841167, JimBridenstine, BREAKING: On May 27, @NASA will once again launch American astronauts on American rockets from American soil! With our @SpaceX partners, @Astro_Doug and @AstroBehnken will launch to the @Space_Station on the #CrewDragon spacecraft atop a Falcon 9 rocket. Let's #LaunchAmerica 🇺🇸 pic.twitter.com/RINb3mfRWI, 17 April 2020, According to SpaceX, Endeavour underwent electromagnetic interference testing and completed acoustic testing in February 2020.TWEET, 1227339210945777665, SpaceX, The Crew Dragon spacecraft that will fly @NASA astronauts @AstroBehnken and @Astro_Doug to and from the @Space_Station undergoing electromagnetic interference testin, 11 February 2020, TWEET, 1229194045349679113, SpaceX, Crew Dragon completes acoustic testing in Florida, 16 February 2020, In early April 2020, the spacecraft was in SpaceX's processing facility at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida to undergo final processing and testing in preparation for the Demo-2 launchweblink {{PD-notice}} It was then transported to Kennedy Space Center, arriving at the Launch Complex 39A on 15 May 2020. The spacecraft was then mated to a Falcon 9 rocket and was rolled out onto the launch pad on 21 May 2020, with static fire testing completed the next day.WEB,weblink SpaceX's 1st Dragon capsule for astronauts arrives at launch site for historic mission, space.com, Wall, Mike, Space.com, 21 May 2020, 11 June 2020, (File:SpaceX's first reused Crew Dragon Endeavour, docks at International Space Station (ISS) - 25544U.gif|thumb|upright=1.3|SpaceX's first reused Crew Dragon Endeavour, docks at International Space Station)Crew Dragon Endeavour, with its name still unannounced, was successfully launched on top of the rocket on 30 May 2020 after the scrubbing of the first attempt due to poor weather conditions.WEB,weblink Liftoff! SpaceX launches 1st astronauts for NASA on historic test flight, 30 May 2020, Thompson, Amy, Space.com, 12 June 2020, WEB,weblink NASA resumes human spaceflight from U.S. soil with historic SpaceX launch, 30 May 2020, Roulette, Joey, Reuters, 12 June 2020, Astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley crewed the Demo-2 mission, marking the first crewed launch to the International Space Station from the United States since STS-135 in July 2011. The mission was intended to complete the validation of crewed spaceflight operations using SpaceX hardware.WEB, Etherington, Darrell, SpaceX and NASA break down what their historic first astronaut mission will look like,weblink TechCrunch, 3 May 2020, 1 May 2020, If successful, the demonstration flight would allow for human-rating certification of the Crew Dragon spacecraft, the Falcon 9 rocket, the crew transportation system, the launch pad, and SpaceX's capabilities. In a video tour of the spacecraft shortly after the launch, Behnken and Hurley revealed they named the capsule Endeavour after the {{OV|105}}, the spacecraft the both of them first flew on, on missions STS-123 and STS-127, respectively, to recognize the "incredible endeavor" that SpaceX and NASA have taken. Additionally, each crew member brought along a toy from their family, in this case an Apatosaurus dinosaur named "Tremor", a sequined plush dinosaur toy, and a Ty flippables plush toy, continuing the tradition for astronauts to bring a plush toy or trinket aboard their spacecraft to serve as a zero-gravity indicator when weightlessness kicks in during spaceflight.WEB,weblink Crew Dragon's astronauts give their SpaceX spaceship a storied name: Endeavour, GeekWire, 30 May 2020, Boyle, Alan, 12 June 2020, Days after the successful launch, NASA gave SpaceX approval to reuse flight-proven spacecraft, indicating Endeavour may be potentially reused.WEB,weblink SpaceX wins NASA approval to launch astronauts on reused rockets and spacecraft, Teslarati, 9 June 2020, Ralph, Eric, 10 June 2020, Spending 19 hours in orbit approaching the ISS, Hurley demonstrated the ability to pilot the spacecraft via its touchscreen controls; upon reaching a distance of {{convert|220|m}} from the ISS docking ports, he let the automated docking program take over. Endeavour docked with the ISS on 31 May 2020.WEB,weblink SpaceX successfully launches first crew to orbit, ushering in new era of spaceflight, 30 May 2020, The Verge, Grush, Loren, 12 June 2020, NEWS,weblink NASA astronauts aboard the International Space Station after Dragon capsule successfully docks, The Washington Post, 31 May 2020, 31 May 2020, Nash Holdings LLC, WEB, Second hatch opens as Crew Dragon astronauts arrive at International Space Station,weblink Wattles, Jackie, CNN, Warner Media, LLC, 31 May 2020, 31 May 2020, Hurley and Behnken joined the ISS Expedition 63 crew, which consisted of NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy and Russian cosmonauts Ivan Vagner and Anatoli Ivanishin.NEWS, SpaceX and Nasa set to launch astronauts after weather all-clear,weblink Express & Star, 30 May 2020, Behnken and Hurley launched to the ISS for an indeterminate time frame, which depended on Endeavour's solar array degradation, the status of Crew Dragon Resilience, and landing zone weather.WEB,weblink SpaceX Crew Dragon spaceship to bring NASA astronauts home this summer, Teslarati, 10 June 2020, Thompson, Amy, 12 June 2020, File:SpaceX Demo-2 Landing (NHQ202008020018).jpg|thumb|Crew Dragon Endeavour landing in the Gulf of MexicoGulf of MexicoNASA originally planned Demo-2 as a short test flight lasting about two weeks, but later chose to extend the mission to address the shortfall of crew in the ISS.WEB,weblink Crew Dragon likely to support extended space station stay, 9 June 2020, SpaceNews, Foust, Jeff, 11 June 2020, According to Ken Bowersox, acting administrator for NASA's human spaceflight program, the spacecraft was "doing very well" and NASA re-planned to bring the crew and Endeavour home in early August. When Endeavour returned, it journeyed through a fast fiery descent of Earth's atmosphere and was slowed down by the capsule's drogue chute and suite of parachutes. It splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico, near Pensacola, FL, where a SpaceX recovery boat brought the crew and spacecraft back to shore.Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley left a Demo-2 patch on the inside of Endeavour after their mission.Welcome Home: NASA Astronauts Robert Behnken & Douglas Hurley Discuss Their Return To Earth Shane Kimbrough announced that the Crew-2 astronauts will keep the "Endeavour" name for the spacecraft revealed by Hurley and Behnken shortly after their launch last May.

Flights

Endeavour was flown in space on the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission on 30 May 2020, and returned to Earth on 2 August. The spacecraft was rated to spend 119 days in orbit, as its solar panels had less capability than a full production Crew Dragon capable of staying in space for up to 210 days. The seat of Bob Behnken in Endeavour during Demo-2 was used by his wife, K. Megan McArthur in the SpaceX Crew-2 mission.WEB, 20 April 2020, Megan to reuse Bob's demo-2 seat in crew-2 mission,weblink aljazeera.com, {{Import style|sticky}}{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" class="is-sticky"! Flight No ! Mission! Patch! Launch date (UTC)! Landing date (UTC)! Crew! Duration! Remarks! Outcome| 1Crew Dragon Demo-2>Demo-250px) | 30 May 2020, 19:22:45| 2 August 2020, 18:48:06{{NowrapUSA}} Doug Hurley}}{{Flagicon|USA}} Bob Behnken}}}}| 63 days The first crewed test flight of a Crew Dragon capsule, first crewed orbital spaceflight from US soil since STS-135 in July 2011 (in which Doug Hurley was the pilot), and the first crewed orbital spaceflight by a private company. Flight extended from two weeks in order to allow the crew to bolster activity on the ISS ahead of Crew-1 and ended up being over two months.| {{Success}}| 2SpaceX Crew-2>Crew-255px)ACCESS-DATE=23 APRIL 2021DATE=22 APRIL 2021, en-US, | 9 November 2021, 03:33:16{{NowrapUSA}} Robert S. Kimbrough}}>{{NowrapUSA}} K. Megan McArthur }}>{{NowrapJapan}} Akihiko Hoshide}}{{Flagicon|France}} Thomas Pesquet}}}}| 199 days Less than a week after the maiden flight of Endeavour, NASA gave approval for SpaceX to launch humans in reused Dragons on reused Falcon 9 rockets starting with Crew-2.BETA.SAM.GOV>URL=HTTPS://BETA.SAM.GOV/AWARDS/90121604+IDVWEBSITE=BETA.SAM.GOVARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200717222233/HTTPS://BETA.SAM.GOV/AWARDS/90121604+IDVFIRST=JEFFTITLE=NASA PLANS FOR REUSING THE DEMO-2 CAPSULE FOR CREW-2LANGUAGE=EN, | {{Success}}| 3| Axiom Mission 1Axiom-1 Patch)DATE=8 APRIL 2022, 8 April 2022, TITLE=PRIVATE AX-1 ASTRONAUTS RETURN TO EARTH, ENDING HISTORIC SPACE MISSION ACCESS-DATE=2022-04-25 LANGUAGE=EN, {{flagiconESP}} Michael López-AlegríaUSA}} Larry ConnorCanada}} Mark PathyIsrael}} Eytan Stibbe}}| 17 days First Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space. First fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Michael López-Alegría as Axiom professional astronaut,HTTP://WWW.COLLECTSPACE.COM/NEWS/NEWS-012621A-AXIOM-SPACE-AX1-CREW-ANNOUNCE.HTML>TITLE=AXIOM SPACE NAMES FIRST PRIVATE CREW TO LAUNCH TO SPACE STATIONCOLLECTSPACE>DATE=26 JANUARY 2021Eytan Stibbe to conduct educational experiments for a 10-day trip,HTTPS://WWW.NYTIMES.COM/2020/03/05/SCIENCE/AXIOM-SPACE-STATION.HTMLFIRST=KENNETHDATE=5 MARCH 2020ACCESS-DATE=11 MARCH 2020ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200528121556/HTTPS://WWW.NYTIMES.COM/2020/03/05/SCIENCE/AXIOM-SPACE-STATION.HTMLFIRST=SEANDATE=5 MARCH 2020ACCESS-DATE=11 MARCH 2020ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200516040213/HTTPS://WWW.THEVERGE.COM/2020/3/5/21166657/SPACEX-TOURISTS-ISS-INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION-ORBIT-FALCON-9-DRAGONLarry Connor and Mark Pathy, both heading investment companies. Bad weather at the landing sites caused delays in the departure from the ISS.MIKE WALL TITLE=PRIVATE AX-1 ASTRONAUTS RETURN TO EARTH, ENDING HISTORIC SPACE MISSION ACCESS-DATE=2022-04-25 LANGUAGE=EN, | {{Success}}| 4SpaceX Crew-6>Crew-655px)| 2 March 2023, 05:34:14| 4 September 2023, 04:17 UTC{{NowrapUSA}} Stephen Bowen (astronaut)}}>{{NowrapUSA}} Warren Hoburg }}{{FlagiconSultan Al Neyadi}}>{{NowrapRUS}} Andrey Fedyaev}}}}| 185 days Delivered two American astronauts, one Emirati astronaut, and one Russian cosmonaut to the ISS.| {{Success}}| 5SpaceX Crew-8>Crew-855px)| 4 March 2024,{{NowrapUSA}} Matthew Dominick}}{{FlagiconMichael Barratt (astronaut)>Michael Barratt }}{{FlagiconJeanette Epps}}>{{NowrapRUS}} Alexander Grebenkin}}}}4 March 2024 03:53show=dhm}} (in progress) First vehicle to reach five flights. SpaceX sent the 50th astronaut on this Crew Dragon launch.50 CREWMEMBERS LAUNCHED AND COUNTING! EARLIER TONIGHT, CREW-8 SIGNED THE WHITE ROOM AT THE END OF THE CREW ACCESS ARM AHEAD OF BOARDING DRAGON AND LIFTOFF >URL=HTTPS://X.COM/SPACEX/STATUS/1764503795965567106?S=20, X (Formerly Twitter), Docked at ISS}}

References

External links

• {{Commons category inline|Crew Dragon Endeavour|Crew Dragon Endeavour}}

{{Dragon spaceflights}}{{SpaceX}}