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{{Short description|Italian political party}}

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| name = Communist Refoundation Party| native_name = Partito della Rifondazione Comunista| logo = Rifondazione Comunista.svg| founder = Armando CossuttaList of Secretaries of the Communist Refoundation Party>Secretary| leader1_name = Maurizio Acerbo| foundation = 6 January 1991Formation of the "Committees for the Communist Refoundation"12 December 1991Creation of the Party List| split = Italian Communist Party| headquarters = Via degli Scialoja 3, RomeLiberazione (newspaper)>Liberazione {{smallSù la testaSu la testa (periodico)}}'' {{small|(since 2020)}}| membership_year = 2019weblink| membership = 11,496Young Communists (Italy)>Young Communists| ideology = CommunismLeft-wing politics>Left-wingFABIO PADOVANO>AUTHOR2=ROBERTO RICCIUTIURL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=9VCZOR2K55AC&DQ=COMMUNIST+REFOUNDATION+PARTY+LEFT+WING&PG=PA35YEAR=2007ISBN=9780387721415, to Far-left politicsThe Statesman's Yearbook 2008. The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the world. p. 704. Edited by Barry Turner. Published by Macmillan Publishers in 2007. Published in Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom.PATRICK EMMENEGGERTITLE=THE POWER TO DISMISS: TRADE UNIONS AND THE REGULATION OF JOB SECURITY IN WESTERN EUROPEYEAR=2014ISBN=9781349740246, B. TURNER>URL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=ZZPLDQAAQBAJ&DQ=COMMUNIST+REFOUNDATION+PARTY+FAR-LEFT&PG=PA704PAGE=704PUBLISHER=OUP OXFORDURL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=I8OTCGAAQBAJ&DQ=COMMUNIST+REFOUNDATION+PARTY+FAR-LEFT&PG=PA131PAGE=131PUBLISHER=TAYLOR & FRANCISURL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=FJ_SCWAAQBAJ&DQ=COMMUNIST+REFOUNDATION+PARTY+FAR-LEFT&PG=PA143PAGE=143PUBLISHER=TAYLOR & FRANCISTITLE=MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES: CONCEPTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICESYEAR=2011ISBN=9781446210314, Alliance of Progressives>AdP (1994–1995)The Olive Tree (Italy) (1996–1998; external support)The Union (Italy)>Union (2004–2008)The Left – The Rainbow (2008)Federation of the Left>FdS (2009–2012)Civil Revolution (2012–2013)The Other Europe>AET (2014)Power to the People (Italy) (2017–2018)The Left (Italy)>The Left (2019)People's Union (2022–present)International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties>IMCWPParty of the European Left}}| europarl = European United Left–Nordic Green Left(1995–2009, 2014–2019)Chamber of Deputies (Italy)>Chamber of Deputies0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}Senate of the Republic (Italy)>Senate0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}| seats3_title = European Parliament0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}Composition of Regional Councils of Italy>Regional Councils0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}| seats5_title = | seats5 = #F0001C|border=darkgray}} Red| website = {{Official URL}}| country = Italy| footnotes = {{Notelist}}200px|Border)}}The Communist Refoundation Party (, PRC) is a communistweblinkWEB,weblink Italy, Parties and Elections in Europe, Wolfram, Nordsieck, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120615231622weblink">weblink 15 June 2012, 20 April 2019, dead, political party in Italy that emerged from a split of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1991. The party's secretary is Maurizio Acerbo, who replaced Paolo Ferrero in 2017. Armando Cossutta was the party's founder, while Fausto Bertinotti its longest-serving leader (1994–2008). The latter transformed the PRC from a traditional communist party into a collection of radical social movements.The PRC is a member of the Party of the European Left (PEL), of which Bertinotti was the inaugural president in 2004. The PRC has not been represented in the Italian Parliament since 2008, but had a member of the European Parliament, Eleonora Forenza, who sat with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in 2014–2019.

History

Foundation and early years

(File:Primocongressoprc.jpg|thumb|left|PRC's first congress in 1991){{Communism in Italy}}In February 1991, when the Italian Communist Party (PCI) was transformed into the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) under the leadership of Achille Occhetto, left-wing dissidents led by Armando Cossutta launched the Movement for Communist Refoundation. Hardliners in PCI were not happy about the changes made inside the party after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Later that year, Proletarian Democracy (DP), a far-left outfit, dissolved itself so that its members could join the PCI dissidents and form a united front composed of all Italian communists. In December, the PRC was officially founded and Sergio Garavini was elected secretary. In the 1992 general election, the party obtained 5.6% of the vote.Garavini resigned from his role as secretary in June 1993 and was replaced by Fausto Bertinotti, a trade unionist of the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) who had left the PDS only a few months before. In the 1994 general election, the PRC was part of the PDS-led Alliance of Progressives and obtained 6.1% of the vote. In June 1995, a splinter group led by Lucio Magri and Famiano Crucianelli formed the Movement of Unitarian Communists (MCU), which would eventually merge with the PDS, being one of the founding members of the Democrats of the Left (DS) in February 1998.

Bertinotti vs. Cossutta

The leadership of Bertinotti was a turning point for the party, which jumped to 8.6% of vote in the 1996 general election, fought by the party in a loose alliance with The Olive Tree, the major centre-left coalition whose dominant partner was the PDS. After the election, the PRC decided to externally support the first cabinet led by Romano Prodi.Tensions soon arose within the coalition and the party. In October 1998 the PRC was divided between those who wanted to stop supporting Prodi's government, led by Bertinotti; and those who wanted to continue the alliance, led by Cossutta, the party's president. The central committee endorsed Bertinotti's line, but Cossutta and his followers decided to ignore this line and to support Prodi. The votes of the cossuttiani were not enough and the government lost a confidence vote in Parliament.The dissidents, who controlled the majority of deputies and senators, split and formed a rival communist party, the Party of Italian Communists (PdCI), which would soon join the first cabinet led by Massimo D'Alema, the leader of the DS, who replaced Prodi and became the first post-communist to hold the job of Prime Minister of Italy.Deprived of most of its parliamentary representation, the PRC fought for its existence and voters supported it rather than the PdCI, both in the 1999 European Parliament election (4.3% to 2.0%) and the 2001 general election (5.0% to 1.7%).

Renewal and heyday

File:Bertinotti ivcon.jpg|thumb|left|PRC's long-time leader Fausto BertinottiFausto BertinottiDespite competition from the PdCI, the PRC confirmed its status as Italy's largest communist party. Having been left by most traditional communists, it also started to enlarge its scope aiming at becoming a collector of radical social movements and, foremost, the main representative of the anti-globalization movement in Italy. The PRC also forged new alliances at the European level and was instrumental in the foundation of the Party of the European Left in May 2004.WEB,weblink The Emerging New Euroleft, April 2006, WEB,weblink A new left turn for Europe, TheGuardian.com, 2 November 2005, In October 2004, the PRC re-joined the centre-left coalition, once again led by Prodi. In April 2005, Nichi Vendola, an openly gay politician and one of the emerging leaders of the party, won a primary election and was elected president of traditionally conservative southern region of Apulia, becoming the only regional president ever belonging to the PRC.In the 2006 general election, the PRC was part of The Union, which won narrowly over the centre-right House of Freedoms coalition and the party obtained 5.8%. After the election, Bertinotti was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies and replaced by Franco Giordano as secretary. Additionally, for the first time it entered a government by joining the Prodi II Cabinet, with Paolo Ferrero Minister of Social Solidarity and seven undersecretaries. The decision to participate in the coalition government and vote to refinance the Italian military presence in Afghanistan and send troops to Lebanon attracted criticism from sectors of the European far-leftWEB,weblink Rifondazione votes for war, Megan Trudell, 4 January 2007, International Socialism, 5 January 2007, and provoked the splits of several groups from the ranks of his own party, notably including the Workers' Communist Party, the Communist Alternative Party and Critical Left. Prodi, whose majority was weak and fragmented, resigned in January 2008.

Crisis, splits and decline

For the 2008 general election, the PRC formed a joint list named Rainbow Left (SA) with the PdCI, the Federation of the Greens and the Democratic Left under Bertinotti's leadership. SA obtained a mere 3.1% (compared to 10.2% won by the constituent parties individually two years before) and no seats. Consequently, Bertinotti quit politics and Giordano resigned and after that some bertinottiani, led by Ferrero and Giovanni Russo Spena (both former Proletarian Democracy members), had forged an alliance with former cossuttiani.At the July 2008 congress, the PRC was highly divided around ideological and regional lines with Vendola, the bertinottiani's standard-bearer, accusing northern delegates of having absorbed leghismo and stating that it was the end of the party as he knew it. The internal left-wing (which wanted to return to PRC's original communist project) finally prevailed over the bulk of bertinottiani (who insisted on the creation of a broader left-wing party) and Ferrero was elected secretary by the central committee with 50.5%.WEB,weblink Ferrero: "Più col popolo, meno in tv"Vendola: "Io, sconfitto da comunista", In January 2009, the faction around Vendola and Giordano, silently supported by Bertinotti, left the PRC and launched the Movement for the Left (MpS), aimed at forming a broader left-wing party,WEB,weblink PRC: serve una nuova sinistraVendola consuma la scissione (il punto), {{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} which would eventually be Left Ecology Freedom (SEL).

Left-wing alliances

In the 2009 European Parliament election the PRC ran with the PdCI and minor groups within the Anticapitalist and Communist List,WEB,weblink Pdci e Prc, lista unitaria il 6 giugno"Anticapitalisti, con la sinistra europea", obtaining 3.4% of the vote and no MEPs. In April 2009 the list was transformed into the Federation of the Left,WEB,weblink Per un nuovo inizio: costruiamo insieme la federazione della sinistra di alternativa, 18 July 2009, WEB,weblink Al via la nuova Federazione della sinistra, which would be disbanded by the end of 2012"Le primarie spaccano la FDS" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001935weblink |date=2014-07-15 }}. and officially dissolved in 2015."Atto di scioglimento di associazione politica" (PDF).In the 2013 general election the PRC ran within Civil Revolution along with the PdCI, the Greens, Italy of Values and minor groups, obtaining 2.2% and no seats.WEB,weblink Elezioni 2014, {{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}In the 2014 European Parliament election the PRC was part of The Other Europe, which obtained 4.0% of the vote and three MEPs, including PRC's Eleonora Forenza.In April 2017 Ferrero was replaced as secretary by Maurizio Acerbo, a former member of the Chamber of Deputies.WEB,weblink Maurizio Acerbo eletto nuovo segretario nazionale del Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, WEB,weblink Rifondazione comunista, finisce l'era Ferrero: il nuovo segretario è Maurizio Acerbo, 2 April 2017, WEB,weblink Acerbo eletto segretario nazionale di Rifondazione Comunista, 2 April 2017, In the 2018 general election the PRC was part of the Power to the People (PaP) electoral list,WEB,weblink L'associazionismo si fa partito: nasce la lista "Potere al popolo, today.it, 15 December 2017, 16 June 2018, it, WEB,weblink Debutta Potere al popolo: "Non siamo la terza lista di sinistra, ma l'unica", ilmanifesto.it, 16 December 2017, 16 June 2018, it, which obtained 1.1% of the vote and no seats.WEB,weblink Eligendo: Camera, elezioni.interno.gov.it, 4 March 2018, 10 March 2018, it, 11 March 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180311173510weblink">weblink dead, In 2020–2021 the party was briefly represented in the Senate by Paola Nugnes, a splinter from the Five Star Movement who later joined Italian Left (SI).WEB,weblink Senato, respinto emendamento di Rifondazione Comunista contro le classi pollaio {{!, il manifesto| date = 30 December 2020}} WEB,weblink Nugnes (Misto): "Il Governo ha il mio sostegno, Renzi è inqualificabile", 13 January 2021, WEB,weblink Senato, le ex-grilline Paola Nugnes ed Elena Fattori aderiscono a sinistra italiana - la Repubblica, 26 February 2021, In the 2019 European Parliament election the PRC was part of The Left electoral list, which obtained 1.8% and no seats.In February 2022 the party formed a joint sub-group with PaP in the Chamber of Deputies' Mixed Group.WEB,weblink XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Modifiche intervenute, In June 2022 the same happened in the Senate,WEB,weblink Senato.it - Senato della Repubblica senato.it - Variazioni dei Gruppi parlamentari, and senator Nugnes returned to the party. In the run-up of the 2022 general election the PRC was a founding member of the People's Union (UP), a left-wing electoral list led by Luigi de Magistris.

Factions

File:PRC flags in Rome.JPG|thumb|250px|A PRC rally in RomeRomeFile:PRC office Venice.jpg|thumb|250px|PRC headquarters in Castello, VeniceVeniceThe majority of the party following the October 2004 congress was led by Fausto Bertinotti (59.2%) and viewed the PRC as the representative of the anti-globalization movement in Italy. Other factions strongly opposed Bertinotti's innovations. These included the hard-line traditionalist Being Communists (26.2%) which was composed of former followers of Armando Cossutta as well as the Trotskyists of Critical Left, Communist Project and HammerSickle (14.6% together). Communist Project, which opposed the party's participation in the Prodi II Cabinet, unfolded shortly after the 2006 general election. A group led by Francesco Ricci established the Communist Alternative Party, others, led by the Trotskyite Marco Ferrando, formed the Workers' Communist Party, while a tiny minority chose to stay in the party and launched Countercurrent.In February 2007, senator Franco Turigliatto of Critical Left, led by Salvatore Cannavò, voted twice against the government's foreign policy, leading Romano Prodi to temporarily resign from Prime Minister. In April, Turigliatto was expelled from the party and Critical Left was suspended from it, leading to its final split and establishment as a party in December. Turigliatto's ejection was supported also by Claudio Grassi (leader of Being Communists) and this caused a break-up of the faction. A group led by Fosco Giannini launched an alternative faction named The Ernesto (from the eponymous communist publication), but it would suffer the 2008 split of Communist Left, which would splinter in 2011 into Communist Left and Communists Together/The Future City.Following the severe defeat of the party in the 2008 general election, a group of bertinottiani composed mainly of former members of Proletarian Democracy and led by Paolo Ferrero and Giovanni Russo Spena allied with the other minority factions, notably including Being Communists, to force Franco Giordano's resignation from secretary. Subsequently, in the July congress Ferrero's and Grassi's Refoundation in Movement motion (40.1%) faced the bulk of bertinottiani, who organized themselves around a motion named "Manifesto for the Refoundation" (47.6%) with Nichi Vendola as standard-bearer. Giannini's The Ernesto and Countercurrent (7.7%), Claudio Bellotti's HammerSickle (3.2%) and a minor group of former bertinottiani called "Disarm, Renew, Refound" (1.5%) joined forces with the Ferrero-Grassi group. Vendola, defeated by Ferrero, announced the creation of a new minority faction, Refoundation for the Left (RpS).WEB,weblink Manifesto per la rifondazione, 2017-08-15,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170815101057weblink">weblink 2017-08-15, dead, RpS finally left the party in 2009 to form the Movement for the Left (MpS), but some of its members, led by Augusto Rocchi, decided to stay in the PRCWEB,weblink Prc, Vendola conferma l'addionasce Rifondazione della sinistra, and launched To the Left with Refoundation.WEB,weblink A Sinistra con Rifondazione, 2009-02-03,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090505020214weblink">weblink 2009-05-05, dead, However, the alliance between Ferrero and the traditionalists did not last. The Ernesto joined the PdCI in 2011 while Being Communists divided in two groups, both eventually quitting the party. One group joined SEL in 2014"Fuori dall'angolo per una sinistra all’altezza delle sfide del tempo presente". and was later merged into the Democratic and Progressive Movement (MDP) in 2016;"Caro Montanari, hai fatto una frettolosa stroncatura della nostra conferenza programmatica". a second, larger group (including Grassi) participated in the foundation of SEL's successor, Italian Left (SI).WEB,weblink "Sinistra italiana, un passo in avanti", 2017-12-27, 2017-12-26,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171226234956weblink">weblink dead, In the 2017 congress, two motions were presented by Ferrero and Eleonora Forenza, respectively."Forenza al Prc: «Unire le lotte, non i ceti politici»". The coalition of factions led by Ferrero prevailed with the vote of 71.5% of party members."Rifondazione comunista, il congresso: "Vogliamo fare la sinistra". Consequently, Maurizio Acerbo, supported by Ferrero,"Rifondazione comunista, Maurizio Acerbo segretario è un investimento sul futuro". was elected secretary by the central committee."Maurizio Acerbo eletto nuovo segretario nazionale del Partito della Rifondazione Comunista".

Popular support

The electoral results of the PRC in general (Chamber of Deputies) elections and European Parliament elections since 1994 are shown in the chart below. The 2008 result refers to that of The Left – The Rainbow, a joint list comprising the Party of Italian Communists, Democratic Left and the Federation of the Greens. After that, the party formed joint lists with the Party of Italian Communists. The 2014 result refers to that of The Other Europe, a joint list led by Left Ecology Freedom.{{Graph:Chart|width=600|type=rect|colors=#EC1C25|xAxisTitle=|xAxisAngle=-40|x=1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019|yAxisMin=0|yAxisFormat=%|yAxisTitle=% of popular vote|y1=.056, 0, .060, 0, .086, 0, 0, 0.043, 0, .050, 0, 0, 0.061, 0, .058, 0, .031, 0.034, 0, 0, 0, .022, 0.040, 0, 0, 0, .011, 0.017|y2= , , .061, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , }}The electoral results of the PRC in the ten most populated regions of Italy are shown in the table below.WEB,weblink Archivio storico delle elezioni, {{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"1994 general >1995 regional >1996 general >1999 European >2000 regional >2001 general >2004 European >2005 regional >2006 general >2008 general >2009 European >2010 regional >2013 general >| 2014 EuropeanPiedmont >| 4.1Lombardy >| 3.5Veneto >| 2.8Emilia-Romagna >| 4.1Tuscany >| 5.1Lazio >| 4.7Campania >| 3.8Apulia >| 4.3Calabria >| 4.2Sicily >Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI), Italy of Values (IdV), the Union of Democrats for Europe, the Federation of the Greens and the Party of Italian Communists to pass the 5% threshold. The list, named Uniti per la Sicilia, scored 5.1% and 4 regional deputies were elected, 3 SDI and 1 IdV. >| 3.6

Election results

Chamber of Deputies">

Italian Parliament {| classwikitable style"width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"Chamber of Deputies

! width=13%|Election year! width=16%|Votes! width=6%|% ! width=1%|Seats! width=8%|+/−! width=18%|Leader!1992|2,202,574 (5th)|5.635hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Sergio Garavini}}!1994|2,334,029 (6th)|6.039hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{increase}} 4}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!1996|3,215,960 (5th)|8.535hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 4}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2001|1,868,659 (5th)|5.011hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 24}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2006|2,229,604 (5th)|5.841hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{increase}} 30}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2008The Left – The Rainbow>SA|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 41}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2013Civil Revolution>RC|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Paolo Ferrero}}!2018Power to the People (Italy)>PaP|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Maurizio Acerbo}}!2022People's Union (Italy)>UP|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Maurizio Acerbo}}{| class=wikitable style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"Senate of the Republic! width=13%|Election year! width=16%|Votes! width=6%|% ! width=1%|Seats! width=8%|+/−! width=18%|Leader!1992|2,163,317 (5th)|6.520hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Sergio Garavini}}!1994Alliance of Progressives>AdP|–18hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 2}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!1996|934,974 (4th)|2.911hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 7}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2001|1,708,707 (3rd)|5.05hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 6}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2006|2,518,624 (5th)|7.427hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{increase}} 22}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2008The Left – The Rainbow>SA|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 27}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2013Civil Revolution>RC|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Paolo Ferrero}}!2018Power to the People (Italy)>PaP|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Maurizio Acerbo}}!2022People's Union (Italy)>UP|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Maurizio Acerbo}}European Parliament">

European Parliament {| classwikitable style"width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"European Parliament

! width=13%|Election year! width=16%|Votes! width=6%|% ! width=1%|Seats! width=8%|+/−! width=18%|Leader!1994|1,991,977 (6th)|6.15hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!1999|1,330,341 (4th)|4.34hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2004|1,971,700 (7th)|6.05hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{increase}} 1}}Fausto Bertinotti}}!2009In a joint list with PdCI.}}|3.40hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 5}}Paolo Ferrero}}!2014The Other Europe>AET|–1hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{increase}} 1}}Paolo Ferrero}}!2019The Left (Italy)>LS|–0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}Maurizio Acerbo}}{{Notelist}}">

Regional Councils {| classwikitable style"width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"

! width=19%|Region! width=13%|Election year! width=16%|Votes! width=7%|% ! width=1%|Seats! width=6%|+/−!Lombardy!2023name=upPeople's Union (Italy)>People's Union.}}|1.40hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!South Tyrol!2018into United Left0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Trentino!2018into Other Trentino on the Left0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Veneto!2015into The Other Veneto0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}!Emilia-Romagna!2020into The Other Emilia-Romagna0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}!Tuscany!2020into Tuscany to the Left0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}!Marche!2015into Other Marche0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}!Lazio!2023name=up}}|0.70hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Campania!2015into Left at Work0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Apulia!2020into The Other Apulia0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Basilicata!2019into Possible Basilicata0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Sicily!2017into 100 Steps for Sicily0hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}–}}!Sardinia!2019In a joint list with the Italian Communist Party.}}|0.60hex={{party color|Communist Refoundation Party}}}}{{decrease}} 1}}{{Notelist}}

Symbols

File:RIFONDAZIONE COMUNISTA - 1.jpg|1991–1998 File:RIFONDAZIONE COMUNISTA - 2.png|1999–2004File:RIFONDAZIONE COMUNISTA - 3.png|2004–2011File:Simbolo Partito della Rifondazione Comunista.png|2011–present

Leadership

• Secretary: Sergio Garavini (1991–1993), Fausto Bertinotti (1994–2006), Franco Giordano (2006–2008), Paolo Ferrero (2008–2017), Maurizio Acerbo (2017–present)
  • Coordinator: Walter De Cesaris (2004–2008), Nando Mainardi (2014–2017), Stefano Galieni (2017–present)
• President: Armando Cossutta (1991–1998)
• Party leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Lucio Magri (1992–1994), Famiano Crucianelli (1994–1995), Oliviero Diliberto (1995–1998), Franco Giordano (1998–2006), Gennaro Migliore (2006–2008)
• Party leader in the Senate: Lucio Libertini (1992–1993), Ersilia Salvato (1993–1995), Fausto Marchetti (1995–1996), Luigi Marino (1996–1998), Giovanni Russo Spena (1998–2001), Giorgio Malentacchi (2001–2002), Luigi Malabarba (2002–2006), Giovanni Russo Spena (2006–2008)
• Party leader in the European Parliament: Luigi Vinci (1994–2004), Roberto Musacchio (2004–2009), Eleonora Forenza (2014–present)

Notes

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Partito della Rifondazione Comunista}}

• Official website

{{Communist Refoundation Party}}{{Italian Communist Party}}{{Political parties of Italy}}{{European communist parties}}{{Party of the European Left}}{{Authority control}}