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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{short description|Series of semi-parallel fissures on Mars formed by faults}}

factoids

|length = 1,630.0 km|naming = From albedo feature at 10n, 212W. Changed from Cerberus Rupes.}}The Cerberus Fossae are a series of semi-parallel fissures on Mars formed by faults which pulled the crust apart in the Cerberus region. They are 1235 km across and centered at 11.28 °N and 166.37 °E.Their northernmost latitude is 16.16 °N and their southernmost latitude 6.23 °N. Their easternmost and westernmost longitudes are 174.72 °E and 154.43 °E, respectively. They can be seen in the Elysium quadrangle.WEB, Cerberus Fossae, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, USGS Astrogeology Science Center,weblink 7 May 2018, Ripples seen at the bottom of the faults are sand blown by the wind.WEB, Cerberus Fossae Trough,weblink Nasa.gov, Nasa, 19 April 2014, Numerical modeling of the forces in the crust of Mars suggest that the underlying cause for the faulting is the deformation caused by the Tharsis volcanoes to the east and Elysium to the west. The faults are quite young, cutting through pre-existing features such as the hills of the Tartarus Montes and the lava apron southeast of Elysium Mons.WEB, Cerberus Fossae,weblink Asu.edu, Arizona State University, 19 April 2014, The formation of the fossae was suspected to have released pressurized underground water, previously confined by the cryosphere, with flow rates up to 2 × 106 m3s−1, leading to the creation of the Athabasca Valles.JOURNAL, Generation of recent massive water floods at Cerberus Fossae, Mars by dike emplacement, cryospheric cracking, and confined aquifer groundwater release, 10.1029/2003GL017135,weblink James W. Head, Lionel Wilson, Karl L. Mitchell, Geophysical Research Letters, 2003, 30, 11, 2265, 2003GeoRL..30.1577H, free, 4 March 2007, 12 November 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121112113600weblink">weblink dead, Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier. NYBurr, D. et al. 2002. Repeated aqueous flooding from the Cerberus Fossae: evidence for very recently extant deep groundwater on Mars. Icarus. 159: 53-73. Marte Vallis is another channel that was suggested to have formed from water released from Cerberus Fossae.Gareth, A. B. Campbell, L. Carter, J. Plaut, R. Phillips. 2013. 3D Reconstruction of the Source and Scale of Buried Young Flood Channels on Mars. Science, 7 March, DOI:10.1126/Science.1234787 Crater counts suggest this last outflow from the Cerberus Fossae took place about 2 to 10 million years ago. Later even younger (0.05-0.2 million years from present) volcanic deposit was detected, suggesting volcanic activity may be still ongoing.{{citation|arxiv=2011.05956|title=Evidence for geologically recent explosive volcanism in Elysium Planitia, Mars|year=2021|last1=Horvath|first1=David G.|last2=Moitra|first2=Pranabendu|last3=Hamilton|first3=Christopher W.|last4=Craddock|first4=Robert A.|last5=Andrews-Hanna|first5=Jeffrey C.|journal=Icarus|volume=365|page=114499|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114499|bibcode=2021Icar..36514499H|s2cid=226299879}}There has been a suggestion such high discharges of water to the surface through these fissures are physically implausible {{Citation needed|reason=controversial statement|date=November 2019}} and that lava was the fluid erupted from the Cerberus Fossae. The flood of lava would have had a volume of about {{convert|5000|km3|mi3}}, typical of flood basalt eruptions on Earth. At these high discharges, lava behaved in many ways like a flood of water. The flowing lava eroded parts of the Athabasca Valles and then filled the Cerberus Palus basin. The rafted plates of lava in this {{convert|800|by|900|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} temporary lava pond are similar in appearance to pack ice seen in the North Sea.NEWS,weblink 'Pack ice' suggests frozen sea on Mars, New Scientist, 25 February 2005, Kelly, Young, 30 January 2007, {{Citation needed|reason=misleading statement, this ref suggests water ice, not lava|date=November 2019}}Some of the cracks are situated at the top of a topographic rise and are surrounded by flow features, indicating they served as volcanic vents, and others are on completely flat terrain without flow features, indicating they are fractures.WEB,weblink 3D Anaglyph: Troughs or vents in Cerberus Fossae?, Lakdawalla, E., Emily Lakdawalla, 12 July 2010, www.planetary.org/blogs, The Planetary Society, 17 December 2019, The Cerberus Fossae area has been positively identified as the first tectonically active region on Mars, with marsquakes being geolocated there by seismometer measurements from the NASA InSight lander in 2019;JOURNAL, Witze, A., 'Marsquakes' reveal red planet's hidden geology, Nature, 576, 7787, 2019, 348, 10.1038/d41586-019-03796-7, 31848480, 2019Natur.576..348W, free, JOURNAL, 3, Giardini, D., Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W. B., Pike, W. T., Christensen, U., Ceylan, S., Clinton, J. F., van Driel, M., Stähler, S. C., Böse, M., Garcia, R. F., Khan, A., Panning, M., Perrin, C., Banfield, D., Beucler, E., Charalambous, C., Euchner, F., Horleston, A., Jacob, A., Kawamura, T., Kedar, S., Mainsant, G., Scholz, J.-R., Smrekar, S. E., Spiga, A., Agard, C., Antonangeli, D., Barkaoui, S., Barrett, E., Combes, P., Conejero, V., Daubar, I., Drilleau, M., Ferrier, C., Gabsi, T., Gudkova, T., Hurst, K., Karakostas, F., King, S., Knapmeyer, M., Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., Llorca-Cejudo, R., Lucas, A., Luno, L., Margerin, L., McClean, J. B., Mimoun, D., Murdoch, N., Nimmo, F., Nonon, M., Pardo, C., Rivoldini, A., Manfredi, J. A. Rodriguez, Samuel, H., Schimmel, M., Stott, A. E., Stutzmann, E., Teanby, N., Warren, T., Weber, R. C., Wieczorek, M., Yana, C., The seismicity of Mars, Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13, 3, 205–212, 10.1038/s41561-020-0539-8, 2020NatGe..13..205G, 211266223,weblink this activity was previously suspected on the basis of the trails of dislodged boulders.JOURNAL, Roberts, G.P., Matthews, B., Bristow, C., Guerrieri, L., Vetterlein, J., Possible evidence of paleomarsquakes from fallen boulder populations, Cerberus Fossae, Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 117, E2, 2012, E02009, 10.1029/2011JE003816, 2012JGRE..117.2009R, free, In November 2020, astronomers reported newly found evidence for volcanic activity, as recently as 53,000 years ago, on the planet Mars. Such activity could have provided the environment with energy and chemicals needed to support life forms.NEWS, O'Callaghan, Jonathan, Signs of Recent Volcanic Eruption on Mars Hint at Habitats for Life - Not thought to be volcanically active, Mars may have experienced an eruption just 53,000 years ago.,weblink 20 November 2020, The New York Times, 25 November 2020, JOURNAL, Horvath, David G., et al., Evidence for geologically recent explosive volcanism in Elysium Planitia, Mars, Icarus, 2021, 365, 114499, 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114499, 2011.05956v1, 2021Icar..36514499H, 226299879, This specific geological unit is where most of the current seismic activity of the planet is located. JOURNAL, Stähler, Simon C., Mittelholz, Anna, Perrin, Cleément, Kawamura, Taichi, Kim, Doyeon, Knapmeyer, Martin, Zenhäusern, Géraldine, Clinton, John, Giardini, Domenico, Lognonné, Philippe, Banerdt, W. Bruce, Tectonics of Cerberus Fossae unveiled by marsquakes, Nature Astronomy, 27 October 2022, 10.1038/s41550-022-01803-y, 2206.15136,

Gallery

Image:Cerberus Fossae THEMIS day IR v13.1.jpg|THEMIS mosaic of the Cerberus Fossae region. The Athabasca Valles outflow channels emerge from fissures at lower left. (The large image may be more easily viewed at full resolution with ZoomViewer.)Image:Cerberus Fossae from Themis.JPG|One of the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by THEMISImage:Cerberus Fossae dark emission.JPG|Wind-blown material darkens areas around a Cerberus Fossae trough (scale bar for HiRISE image is 500 m)Image:Cerberus fossae.jpg|A 3 km section of a Cerberus Fossae fissure, taken by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC)Image:Angular_Unconformity_in_Cerberus.JPG|Angular unconformity in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by HiRISE (click on image to see the angles of the layers)Image:Troughs showing blue in Elysium Planitia.JPG|Portion of a trough (fossa) in Elysium, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program (blue indicates probably seasonal frost)

See also

• {{annotated link|Fossa (planetary nomenclature)}}
• {{annotated link|Geology of Mars}}
• {{annotated link|HiRISE}}
• {{annotated link|HiWish program}}
• {{annotated link|Lakes on Mars}}

References

{{Geography of Mars|topography}}