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{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language}}{{Distinguish|text = with the other Indian literary languages of Brajabuli and Brajavali, or with the Brijbasi ethnic group}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}

factoids

Braj Bhāṣā| ethnicity = Brajwasi| altname = Brij Bhasha| states = India| region = Braj1,556,314|2}}| date = 2011 censusPUBLISHER=OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIAACCESS-DATE=2018-07-07, WORK=CENSUSINDIA.GOV.IN, 16 July 2015, | familycolor = Indo-EuropeanIndo-Iranian languages>Indo-IranianIndo-Aryan languages>Indo-AryanCentral Indo-Aryan languages>Central Indo-AryanWestern Hindi languages>Midland| script = Devanagari| iso2 = bra| iso3 = bra| glotto = braj1242| glottorefname = Braj| map = Braj_Bhasha_Region.png| mapcaption = Braj-speaking region}}Braj{{efn|commonly called Braj Bhasha, also known as Vraj Bhasha or Brij Bhasha or Braj Boli}} is a language within the Indo-Aryan language family spoken in the Braj region centered on Mathura. Along with Awadhi, it was one of the two predominant literary languages of North-Central India before being replaced by Hindi in the 19th century.The language was historically used for Vaishnavite poetry dedicated to Krishna, whose life was associated with sites in the Braj region. There were also early prose works in terms of the hagiographical vārtā literature of the Vallabha sect.BOOK, Masica, Colin P., The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge University Press, 1991, 53, 57, 62, Braj is considered by scholars to be a more pure example of the Central Indo-Aryan languages compared to the Hindustani language, which has been influenced by Panjabi and intermediate dialects.{{Sfn|Masica|1991|p=197-198}}(File:Story_of_Camel_and_Jackal_in_Braj_language.webm|thumb|Story of Camel and Jackal in Braj language)

Geographical distribution

Braj Bhasha is spoken in the nebulous Braj region centred on Mathura & Agra in Uttar Pradesh and Bharatpur, Karauli, Gangapur & Dholpur in Rajasthan. It is the predominant language in the central stretch of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab in the following districts:

• Hathras
• Mathura
• Agra
• Aligarh
• Firozabad
• Auraiya
• Etah
• Mainpuri
• Etawah
• Farrukhabad
• Kasganj
• Badaun
• Palwal
• Karauli
• Gangapur
• Bharatpur
• Deeg

It is also spoken in the western areas of Uttar Pradesh, mainly in Mathura district and southern areas of Palwal districtIn Madhya Pradesh it is spoken in the districts of :

• Morena,
• Gwalior
• Shivpuri.BOOK, Frawley, William,weblink International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, May 2003, 9780195139778, 16 July 2015,
• Guna
• Ashok nagar

It is spoken in several villages of Mathura, specially in Vrindavan, Madhuvan, Kaman, Kosi Kalan, Chhata, Baldeo, and all other villages belongs to Braj Area with Bajna, Surir, Bhidauni,

Literature

Most Braj literature is of a mystical nature, related to the spiritual union of people with God, because almost all of the Braj Bhasha poets were considered God-realised saints and their words are thus considered as directly emanating from a divine source. Much of the traditional Northern Indian literature shares this trait. All traditional Punjabi literature is similarly written by saints and is of a metaphysical and philosophical nature.Another peculiar feature of Northern Indian literature is that the literature is mostly written from a female point of view, even by male poets. This is because the saints were in a state of transcendental, spiritual love, where they were metaphorically women reuniting with their beloved. (In its inversion of the conventional genders of worshipper and worshippee, Maulana Da’ud's Chandayan departs from this tradition.)Important works in Braj Bhasha are:

• “ pushtimargiya kiratan of ashtachhap.
• Yugala Shataka by Swami Sri Sribhatta Devacarya; known as the first 'Vani' book in Vraja Bhasha composed in the 14th Century AD as a part of Nimbarka Sampradaya tradition of Radha Krishna worship.
• Vinaya Patrika by Tulsidas
• Sur Sagar by SurdasWEB,weblink Google Notebook, google.com, 16 July 2015,
• Buddha Charit by Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla
• Sufi poetry by Amir Khusro
• Eulogies by Kavi Bhushan
• Nayikabhed, Nakhshikh and satasattak by Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj.BOOK, Atre, Shubhangana, History, Maharashtra state textbook bureau, 2019, Maharashtra, English,
• Vrind Satsai by Vrind (1643 - 1723), court poet of ruler of KishangarhBOOK, Sujit Mukherjee, A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850,weblink 1998, Orient Blackswan, 978-81-250-1453-9, 425–,

See also

• Hindi literature
• Brajavali dialect
• Brajabuli
• Awadhi language

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• Snell, Rupert. 1991. The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhāṣā Reader {{isbn|0728601753}}
• Snell, Rupert. 2016. Braj in Brief: An introduction to literary Braj Bhāṣā

External links

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070524104936weblink">weblink

{{Hindi topics}}{{Central Indo-Aryan languages}}{{Authority control}}