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{{Short description|Archival repository and laboratory}}

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| branch_of = | location = Central European University, Budapest}}Blinken Open Society Archives (abbreviated as Blinken OSA) is an archival repository and laboratory that aims to explore new ways of assessing, contextualizing, presenting, and making use of archival documents both in a professional and a consciously activist way.WEB,weblink About Us, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, It was founded by George Soros in 1995, and opened in 1996 as a department of the Central European University.BOOK, Open Society Archives, Mink, András, Open Society Archives at Central European University, 1999, 963 85230 5 0, Budapest, 30–31, Pudlowski, Leszek, Székely, Iván, The Open Society Archives: a brief history, Originally called simply Open Society Archives (OSA), in 2015 it was renamed Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives after receiving a major donation from the couple.WEB, 12 November 2015, OSA was renamed Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives,weblink live, 21 May 2021, Open Society Archives,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170626220217weblink">weblink 2017-06-26, Its archival holdings relate to post-war European history, the Cold War, the history of the former Eastern Bloc, samizdat, the history of propaganda, human rights, and war crimes. Blinken OSA is also the archive of the global activities of the Open Society Foundations.Blinken OSA also functions as a teaching and research department of the Central European University and offers MA and PhD courses on the theories and methods of archives, evidence, human rights, documentary cinema, twentieth century history, and the politics of the Cold War.WEB,weblink Our Courses - OSA Archivum, 13 September 2016, The institution is located in central Budapest, in the Goldberger House, which was originally built in 1911 as a textile warehouse, and later functioned in the 1980s as the "dollar shop" in Budapest, where goods could only be purchased with hard currency.WEB,weblink Goldberger House - OSA Archivum, 13 September 2016, The building now also incorporates a gallery space, Galeria Centralis,WEB,weblink Galeria Centralis - OSA Archivum, 13 September 2016, which hosts Blinken OSA's public programs, exhibitions and conferences.

Holdings

(File:OSA Polish samizdat stamps.jpg|thumb|Stamps produced by the Polish underground in the early 1980s, held at OSA Archivum Budapest)The archive curates, preserves and makes accessible multilingual collections in over 40 languages spanning the period from World War II until the present, with a global geographical coverage but special focus on East-Central Europe and the former Soviet Union.Blinken OSA’s acquisition policy aims to collect and preserve the documentary heritage of civil society, human rights movements, transnational and intra-governmental organizations, social and protest movements, and the personal papers of known oppositional figures and social activists. From its inception, Blinken OSA has assisted in rescuing endangered collections, and plays a bridging role in making scattered documentary legacies of communities and supranational organizations researchable. By introducing open access principles in the region since 2002, Blinken OSA continues to support and initiate projects about freedom of information, freedom of speech, access to information and open standards.

Cold War

The original core of Blinken OSA’s holdings is the former archives of the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute, previously based in Munich and New York. These include RFE internal research publications produced to support the national broadcasting desks, transcripts of central broadcasts from RFE/RL’s target countries,WEB,weblink Radio Free Europe Information Items, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, WEB,weblink Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Background Reports, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, WEB,weblink Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Situation Reports, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, anonymized interviews with eastern European émigrés and travellers, almost all daily papers and magazines published in or about Eastern Europe between 1951 and 1993, records and transcripts of Eastern European radio and television programs and other supporting materials used for daily broadcasts. The successor to the RFE/RL Research Institute, the Open Media Research Institute, also donated its collections, thus Blinken OSA preserves one of the largest mass media operations of the twentieth century from 1951 till 1997.Other Cold War holdings include special collections on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, 1956 Refugees, documents and sound-recordings on the activities of the UN Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary,WEB,weblink United Nations Special Committee Documents on the Problem of Hungary in 1956, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, intelligence material gathered by former State Security agencies of the Eastern Bloc,WEB,weblink Digitális Állambiztonsági Archívum, 2021-05-12, paranoia,WEB,weblink Paranoia Recycling Archive, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, WEB,weblink Paranoia Archive, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, and Eastern European samizdat publications including underground materials from Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland.WEB,weblink Polish Underground Ephemera, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, WEB,weblink Polish Underground Periodicals, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, Blinken OSA acquires materials from international organizations such as Foundation for the Support of European Intellectuals, which provided grants to build intellectual networks during the Cold War.WEB,weblink OSA Acquires the Archives of the Foundation for the Support of European Intellectuals (FEIE) - OSA Archivum, 13 September 2016, Blinken OSA holds the personal papers of a number of prominent former opposition or exile figures, including General Béla Király, Gábor Demszky,WEB,weblink HU OSA 302 Gábor Demszky Personal Papers, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, György Krassó, János Kis,WEB,weblink HU OSA 355 János Kis Collection of Hungarian Samizdat and Documents of the Democratic Opposition, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, László Rajk, and Iván Pető, and the personal papers of international experts such as Alfréd Reisch and David S. Rohde.In 2012 Blinken OSA acquired the materials of the Hungarian Institute for Public Opinion Research,WEB,weblink HU OSA 420 Collection on the Hungarian Institute for Public Opinion Research, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, the only public opinion research institute to operate in a Soviet bloc country.WEB,weblink TK 3.0: Did People Lie in Kádár's Hungary?, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, Blinken OSA’s holdings also include extensive collections of textual documents, documentaries and moving images of the transition after the fall of the Soviet regimes in Eastern Europe, and of the afterlife of Communism. These include collections of home movies,WEB,weblink Hungarian Home Movies, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, home movies on Srebrenica,WEB,weblink Srebrenica Home Movies, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, and video recordings of alternative culture in Hungary in the early 1990s.WEB,weblink Rodolf Hervé Videos on Hungary's Alternative Scene in the 1990s, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives,

Human rights

The archival holdings relate to human rights in general, and grave violations of human rights in particular, and include the archives of the London-based periodical Index on Censorship,WEB,weblink HU OSA 301 Records of Index on Censorship, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, the International Human Rights Law Institute Relating to the Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia,WEB,weblink HU OSA 304 Records of the International Human Rights Law Institute Relating to the Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights,WEB,weblink HU OSA 318 Records of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, and the Office of the High Representative, the body that oversaw the implementation of the 1995 Dayton Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina.WEB,weblink OSA Signs Public Archive Agreement with OHR, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, Blinken OSA also holds documentaries, amateur videos and propaganda films, comprising several thousands of hours, compiled by the International Monitor Institute to document human rights violations and genocide,WEB,weblink HU OSA 350 Records of the International Monitor Institute, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, and video recordings produced by the New York-based human rights group WITNESS.WEB,weblink WITNESS Videos, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives,

Open Society Foundations

Blinken OSA acts as the official archive of the Central European University and Open Society Foundations (OSF) organizations, among them the Open Society Institute Budapest, International Science Foundation, Cultural Initiative Russia, Forced Migration Project, Soros Foundation Hungary, and West Balkan Open Society Foundations. Other OSF-related activities include the maintenance of the global digital repository of the network, and offering consultancy services on recordkeeping, data curation and digital preservation to all OSF entities and projects.

Digital holdings and curated collections

The digital repositoryWEB,weblink Digital Repository, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, contains, among other collections, over 117,200 items on former Eastern Bloc history from 1951 to 1994, including RFE/RL collections recently placed online as part of Europeana's Heritage of People's Europe project,WEB,weblink Seven RFE/RL Collections Now Online At Open Society Archives, 24 June 2013, 2021-05-12, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, funded by the European Union.The archive offers digital collections curated and supplemented by the Blinken OSA staff. Among these is the virtual exhibition 1989: Lesz-e? ("Will There be a 1989?"). This exhibition contains almost 10.000 items (photos, videos, textual pages, audio materials) made by or connected to the year 1989, and Hungarian regime change.WEB, 1989: lesz-e?,weblink live, Open Society Archives,weblink 2019-07-08,

Access

Blinken OSA promotes an open access policy and does not limit access to its collections on the basis of citizenship and profession.WEB, Access Policy,weblink live, 25 May 2021, Open Society Archives,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151209085248weblink">weblink 2015-12-09, Its reading room, both the online and the physical, is open to all visitors. Blinken OSA strongly supports the use of materials through digital reproduction and offers a digitization on demand service.WEB, Digitization on demand service by Blinken OSA - Policy,weblink live, 25 May 2021, Open Society Archives,weblink 2021-02-24,

Library

Blinken OSA’s non-circulating LibraryWEB,weblink Library - OSA Archivum, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, holds books and periodicals in over 40 languages covering the period 1950 to the present, which relate to its archival holdings. The Library consists mainly of the library collection of the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, the Open Media Research Institute, and donations from individual and institutional partners. It includes publications from and about Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, as well as books and journals from Western countries about the history, culture, and politics of the region. The Library also contains around 40,000 newspapers and journals on microfilm and microfiche.The Special Library collections include the London-based Wiener Library's Testaments to the Holocaust collections on the history of Nazism and the European Jews,WEB,weblink Testaments to the Holocaust. Documents of the Wiener Library, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, the Prague Spring 1968 collection, Polish Independent Publications, US Government documents on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Publications.

Galeria Centralis

(File:Don exhibition opening.jpg|thumb|Don exhibition opening at Galeria Centralis)Galeria Centralis is an exhibition and screening hall that hosts Blinken OSA’s exhibitions, conferences and public events. The space is used as a platform for turning the archive inside out, bringing archival materials to the public’s attention, and by contextualizing the available historical evidence, initiating public debates on questions of social and historical importance.Notable recent events include The Trial,WEB,weblink The Trial, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, a historical reconstruction commemorating the 50th anniversary of the secret trial and execution of Imre Nagy and co-defendants in 1958, for which Blinken OSA publicly broadcast tape recordings of the 52-hour-long trial in real time.WEB,weblink Hangemlékmű a Nagy Imre-per ötvenedik évfordulóján, Origo, 13 September 2016, István Rév, 'Mivégre az archívum?', Élet és irodalom, June 13, 2008 (link in Hungarian)Exhibitions include an exhibition on the sixtieth anniversary of the disappearance of the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg,WEB,weblink Raoul Wallenberg - One Man Can Make a Difference, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, which included a reconstruction of Wallenberg's office in the Swedish Embassy in Second Life,WEB,weblink Raoul Wallenberg's Office in Second Life, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, a public reconstruction based on forensic and exhumatation data gathered in the course of researching the Bosnian Serb Army's 1995 Srebrenica massacre of over 8,000 Muslim men and boys,WEB,weblink Srebrenica - Exhumation, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, an exhibition exploring the contemporary reception on the sixtieth anniversary of the restoration of Northern Transylvania to Hungary under the Second Vienna Award,WEB,weblink Restoration - Northern Transylvania, 1940, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, and an exhibition marking the seventieth anniversary of the Hungarian Second Army's defeat by the Soviets at the River Don.WEB,weblink Don - A Tragedy and Its Afterlives, 2021-05-12, Open Society Archives, In 2021, Blinken OSA co-organised an online exhibition with Háttér Archive entitled Records Uncovered.WEB, Records Uncovered: Gay and lesbian histories in Central and Southeastern Europe, 1945-1999,weblink 2021-06-02, recordsuncovered.osaarchivum.org, en, The exhibition focuses on the gay and lesbian movements in Central and Southeastern Europe between the mid-1940s and the early 1990s.WEB, Records Uncovered: Gay and lesbian histories in Central and Southeastern Europe, 1945-1999,weblink 2021-06-02, recordsuncovered.osaarchivum.org, en,

Projects and public engagement

Blinken OSA initiated the annual Verzio International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival,WEB,weblink VERZIO Film Festival, 13 September 2016, and has a rapidly growing global collection of human rights documentary films. Blinken OSA is also the initiator of the annual celebration of 100-year-old buildings in the Hungarian capital, Budapest 100,WEB,weblink 100 Year-Old Buildings in Budapest, 13 September 2016, A guide to Europe's best arts events in 2013, The Guardian, February 1, 2013 the amateur photo archive Fortepan,WEB,weblink Fortepan, 13 September 2016, and a co-initiator of the Diafilm virtual filmstrip museum.WEB,weblink Diafilm, 13 September 2016, In 2014, the main public program was the Yellow-Star Houses project,WEB, Yellow-Star Houses,weblink 13 September 2016, focusing on the remaining 1,600 former yellow-star houses in Budapest which, from June 21, 1944 until the establishment of the ghetto in November 1944, were designated compulsory residences for Jews, and marked with a yellow-star. Using traditional archival research and contemporary mapping and crowd-sourcing technologies, the project marked the 70th anniversary of the Holocaust in Hungary, and aimed to involve the contemporary residents of the city in exploring this lesser-known chapter of Budapest's history.Blinken OSA is one of the initiators of the Budapest Open Access Initiative, one of the original signatories of the Open Document Format Alliance,WEB,weblink About Us, OSA, March 2, 2022, and the founder of the Parallel Archive,WEB,weblink Parallel Archive, 13 September 2016, a digital humanities tool where researchers are encouraged to digitize, tag, comment, and make publicly available the documents they find in Blinken OSA’s holdings. In 2010, Blinken OSA ‘leaked’ thousands of previously classified documents from its holdings relating to the Cold War conflict on the Parallel Archive.András Iván, 'Gondolatolvasókkal fürkészték volna a szovjeteket', Index, December 28, 2011 (link in Hungarian)Blinken OSA also participates in the Voices of the 20th Century Archive and Research Group,WEB,weblink Voices of the 20th Century - Archive and Research Group, 2021-05-12, Voices of the 20th Century, led by the Institute of Sociology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and in cooperation with the National Audiovisual Archive of Hungary.WEB,weblink What is NAVA, 2021-05-12, National Audiovisual Archive of Hungary, The project analyzes how different types of interview material can be enhanced through digital technologies and re-used for further research.Together with the International Visegrad Fund, Blinken OSA also awards a number of research scholarships every year.WEB,weblink Visegrad Scholarship at the Open Society Archives - OSA Archivum, 13 September 2016,

Prizes

In 2010, Blinken OSA was awarded the Joseph Pulitzer Memorial Prize in the History of the Press category.WEB,weblink OSA Newsletter 2010, 2021-05-12,

References

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Further reading

• BOOK, Open Society Archives,weblink Open Society Archives, 1999, Published by the Open Society Archives at Central European University, Iván Székely, Leszek PudÅ‚owski, Central European University, 963-85230-5-0, Budapest, 44911139,

External links

• Official website
• Galeria Centralis
• Verzio International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival
• Budapest 100
• Fortepan
• Parallel Archive
• Yellow-Star Houses
• Europeana
• Heritage of People's Europe
• Open Society Archives Budapest at Google Cultural Institute

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