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{{short description|Lintel beam element in Classical architecture}}{{Further|Lintel}}{{Expand German|Architrav|date=May 2010}}{{wikt | architrave}} In classical architecture, an architrave ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑːr|k|ᵻ|t|r|eɪ|v}}; from "chief beam", also called an epistyle;EB1911, Epistyle, 9, 703, from Greek ἐπίστυλον epistylon "on the column") is the lintel or beam, typically made of wood or stone, that rests on the capitals of columns.BOOK, Reich, Ronny, The Architecture of Ancient Israel, Katzenstein, Hannah, 1992, Israel Exploration Society, 978-965-221-013-5, Kempinski, Aharon, Jerusalem, 311, Glossary of Archaeological Terms, Reich, Ronny, The term can also apply to all sides, including the vertical members, of a frame with mouldings around a door or window. The word "architrave" has come to be used to refer more generally to a style of mouldings (or other elements) framing a door, window or other rectangular opening, where the horizontal "head" casing extends across the tops of the vertical side casings where the elements join (forming a butt joint, as opposed to a miter joint).BOOK ,

Classical architecture

In an entablature in classical architecture, it is the lowest part, below the frieze and cornice. The word is derived from the Greek and Latin words arche and trabs combined to mean "main beam". The architrave is different in the different Classical orders. In the Tuscan order, it only consists of a plain face, crowned with a fillet, and is half a module in height. In the Doric and Composite order, it has two faces, or fasciae, and three in the Ionic and Corinthian order, in which it is 10/12 of a module high, though but half a module in the rest.{{1728}}

Metaphorical use

The term architrave has also been used in academic writing to mean the fundamental part of something (a speech, a thought or a reasoning), or the basis upon which an idea, reasoning, thought or philosophy is built.Examples:

1. "...the Mature Hegel – the Hegel of the Philosophy of Right – who becomes the architrave on which he (Honneth, ed.) constructs his social philosophy."Page: XIV, The Ethics of Democracy: A Contemporary Reading of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (Lucio Cortella, SUNY Press, 2015)weblink
2. "to become the architrave of his theoretic construction"Pag. 281, Economics and institutions Contributions from the History of Economic thought (Pier Francesco Asso, Luca Fiorito, Italian Association for History and Economic Thought, Vol. IV, Franco Angeli Press 2007)

Indian architecture

In śilpaśāstra, the Hindu texts on architecture, the architrave is commonly referred to by its Sanskrit name uttara.WEB,weblink Temples of Salem region Up to 1336 AD, In Hindu temple architecture it is placed above the bracket (potika) of a pillar (stambha), which gives it extra support. The Indian entablature is called prastara.Dravidian architecture recognizes several distinct types of architraves:WEB,weblink Temples of Salem region Up to 1336 AD,

• rounded (vá¹›ttapotika)
• wavy (taraá¹…gapotika)
• flower shaped (puá¹£papotika)
• bevel and tenon type (ādhārapotika)
• voluted (muṣṭibanda)
• figural (citrapotika)

See also

• Archivolt – expanded and elaborated architrave element
• Dolmen – Neolithic predecessor, megalithic tombs with structural stone lintels
• Lintel
• Post and lintel – architectural system with architraves-lintels

Footnotes

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External links

• {{Commons category-inline|Architraves}}