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| subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = IndiaStates and union territories of India>StateList of regions of India>RegionList of districts of India>District| subdivision_name1 = Andhra Pradesh| subdivision_name2 = Coastal AndhraKakinada district>Kakinada| established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = MetricWEBSITE=DIRECTORATE OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNINGACCESS-DATE=28 JANUARY 2016ARCHIVE-DATE=28 JANUARY 2016, | area_total_km2 = 63.02| area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 140| population_total = 54,448| population_as_of = 2021PUBLISHER=THE REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA, 9 July 2014, | population_density_km2 = auto| population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Languages| demographics1_title1 = OfficialIndian Standard Time>IST| utc_offset1 = +5:30Postal Index Number>PIN| postal_code = 533401| area_code = 91–08854Telephone numbers in India>Telephone codeVehicle registration plates of India>Vehicle RegistrationList of RTO districts in India>AP05 (Former) AP39 (from 30 January 2019)NEW 'AP 39' CODE TO REGISTER VEHICLES IN ANDHRA PRADESH LAUNCHED >URL=HTTP://WWW.NEWINDIANEXPRESS.COM/CITIES/VIJAYAWADA/2019/JAN/31/NEW-AP-39-CODE-TO-REGISTER-VEHICLES-IN-STATE-LAUNCHED-1932417.HTML URL-STATUS=DEAD ACCESS-DATE=9 JUNE 2019 DATE=31 JANUARY 2019, Vijayawada, | website = | footnotes = | official_name = | blank1_name_sec1 = CurrencyIndian Rupee, Indian rupee>INR| blank4_name_sec1 = Railway StationTuni railway station, Andhra Pradesh>Tuni railway station| blank5_name_sec1 = Police| blank5_info_sec1 = Andhra Pradesh PoliceTelugu language>TeluguMember of the Legislative Assembly (India)>MLA| leader_name = Dadisetti Raja(YSRCP)}}(File:Buddhist sites Map of Andhra Pradesh.png|thumb|'KummariLova,' near Tuni on the banks of Thandava River, is an important Buddhist site in Andhra Pradesh)Tuni is a City in Kakinada district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a second biggest city in Kakinada district. Freedom fighter Alluri Sitaramaraju studied here. It is a major commercial marketing centre for more than 200+ surrounding villages in the district. Tuni is a border point for the district of Kakinada. It is known for mango production, with nearly 250 varieties being exported from the area. Tuni City is also known as "Mango City". Tuni is also famous for the production of betel leaves and jute bags. A variety of cashew nuts are also produced in Tuni.

History

Tuni as a historical site may date back to the 1st century CE in connection with Buddhism, which flourished in the nearby hillocks and villages such as Gopalapatnam, Satyavaram and Kummarilova, near the city of Tuni on the banks of the Thandava River. The Buddhist monks would have resided in Kummarilova village (Kummararam) from the 2nd century CE to 6th century CE and propagated Buddhism. The Buddhist 'aramas' and 'stupas' found in the village are testimony for their presence, they said.{{who?|date=May 2022}} This village is called 'Panchasheela Buddhist Centre' as five Buddhist 'stupas' have been found here. Archaeology authorities found a Buddhist site at Kummarilova during a general survey carried out recently{{when?|date=October 2017}} in the area.Under the Kshatriyas of Vatsavai Dynasty, it was a Pargana (a sub-division in 15th century) in Keemarseema. After the division it became the capital of Kottam Estate. Tuni has been a famous marketplace since the 19th century CE.The Tuni Railway station had an important prominence on the Howrah-Madras railway line during the time of British India and after Independence.Raja Kalasala is one of the oldest schools in Tuni, with a history of more than 100 years. A prominent guerrilla war fighter during the Indian independence movement, Alluri Sitarama Raju, studied here. A statue of him was built at a junction.

Demographics

The Tuni assembly constituency has population of 254,448 of which 106,020 are males whileand 148,428 are females as per report released by Census India 2021. The literacy rate within Tuni city is 77.40%, higher than the state average of 67.02%. The male literacy rate of 82.79%, while the female literacy rate is 72.38%.The schedule census of 2021 for Tuni city is postponed due to covid. We believe new population census for Tuni city will be conducted in 2024 and same will be updated once its done.

Geography

Tuni is at 17.35°N 82.55°E. It has an average elevation of 16 metres (46 ft)

Climate

{{Weather box| location = Machilipatnam (1981–2010, extremes 1995–2012)| metric first = Y| single line = Y| width = auto| Jan record high C = 35.3| Feb record high C = 38.8| Mar record high C = 40.8| Apr record high C = 40.3| May record high C = 47.5| Jun record high C = 47.5| Jul record high C = 41.4| Aug record high C = 39.5| Sep record high C = 39.0| Oct record high C = 38.8| Nov record high C = 37.0| Dec record high C = 34.3| year record high C = 47.5| Jan high C = 30.0| Feb high C = 32.0| Mar high C = 34.5| Apr high C = 35.8| May high C = 37.7| Jun high C = 35.9| Jul high C = 33.7| Aug high C = 33.3| Sep high C = 33.4| Oct high C = 32.5| Nov high C = 31.6| Dec high C = 30.2| year high C = 33.4| Jan low C = 19.3| Feb low C = 20.9| Mar low C = 23.5| Apr low C = 25.9| May low C = 27.4| Jun low C = 27.1| Jul low C = 26.0| Aug low C = 25.8| Sep low C = 25.6| Oct low C = 24.3| Nov low C = 21.9| Dec low C = 19.1| year low C = 23.9| Jan record low C = 12.6| Feb record low C = 14.1| Mar record low C = 17.2| Apr record low C = 19.5| May record low C = 18.4| Jun record low C = 22.9| Jul record low C = 22.1| Aug record low C = 21.4| Sep record low C = 22.8| Oct record low C = 19.8| Nov record low C = 16.0| Dec record low C = 14.9| year record low C = 12.6| rain colour = green| Jan rain mm = 7.3| Feb rain mm = 17.5| Mar rain mm = 17.8| Apr rain mm = 37.4| May rain mm = 52.6| Jun rain mm = 166.3| Jul rain mm = 158.8| Aug rain mm = 159.6| Sep rain mm = 233.6| Oct rain mm = 226.5| Nov rain mm = 54.7| Dec rain mm = 22.1| year rain mm = 1154.3| Jan rain days = 0.5| Feb rain days = 0.8| Mar rain days = 1.1| Apr rain days = 2.3| May rain days = 3.3| Jun rain days = 8.1| Jul rain days = 10.9| Aug rain days = 10.7| Sep rain days = 10.8| Oct rain days = 9.2| Nov rain days = 2.6| Dec rain days = 0.8| year rain days = 61.0Indian Standard Time>IST| Jan humidity = 64| Feb humidity = 63| Mar humidity = 66| Apr humidity = 68| May humidity = 65| Jun humidity = 65| Jul humidity = 68| Aug humidity = 70| Sep humidity = 74| Oct humidity = 73| Nov humidity = 65| Dec humidity = 62|year humidity = 67|source 1 = India Meteorological DepartmentWEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200205040301weblink">weblink 5 February 2020,weblink Station: Tuni Climatological Table 1981–2010, Climatological Normals 1981–2010, India Meteorological Department, January 2015, 761–762, 19 February 2020, WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200205042509weblink">weblink 5 February 2020,weblink Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012), India Meteorological Department, December 2016, M19, 19 February 2020, }}

Economy

Tuni is a commercial hub for Kakinada and Anakapalli Districts. A famous, and one of the oldest, sugar factories of Andhra Pradesh "Tandava Sugars" is here. A large number of handloom industries, about 20 cashew nut industries, hetero industries, Deccan finechemicals pvt ltd (Major Chemical factory) and 10 other chemical industries are in and around Tuni.

Assembly constituency

Tuni is an assembly constituency (consisting of mandals: Kotananduru, Tuni and Thondangi) in Andhra Pradesh. There were {{formatnum:163024}} registered voters in Tuni constituency in the 1999 elections.

Transport

(File:Tuni railway station board.jpg|thumb|Tuni railway station)

Railways

Tuni railway station is classified as an A category station, It is managed by vijayawada railway division in south central railway zone of indian railways. It is the 214th busiest station in the country.

Roads

Tuni is very well connected to the state and the rest of India with a network of state and national highways. NH 16 passes through the city. National Highway 16, a part of Golden Quadrilateral highway network, bypasses the City.WEB, National Highways Development Project Map,weblink National Highways Authority of India, 21 April 2017, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170422033110weblink">weblink 22 April 2017, dmy-all, The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Tuni bus station.WEB, Bus Stations in Districts,weblink Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, 9 March 2016, Tuni is located on Howrah-Chennai main line. Rajahmundry Airport is located {{cvt|95|km}} west-southwest of Tuni. Visakhapatnam Airport is situated approximately the same distance northeast of Tuni.

Education

Primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.WEB, School Education Department,weblink School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 7 November 2016, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161107220545weblink">weblink 7 November 2016, WEB, The Department of School Education - Official AP State Government Portal {{!, AP State Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|website=www.ap.gov.in|access-date=7 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331weblink|archive-date=7 November 2016|df=dmy-all}} Instruction is available in both English and Telugu.

Schools and colleges

• Narayana Junior College
• Government Degree college
• Sri Prakash Junior College
• Siddhartha Junior College
• Government girls High school
• Sri Chaitanya College
• Bashyam school
• Aditya Degree College
• Sri Prakash vidhya Niketan
• Sri Prakash Engineering College
• Sri Prakash degree College
• Siddhartha Degree College
• Tagore Convet School

Notable people

• Alluri Sita Rama Raju, a freedom fighter
• Avasarala Ramakrishna Rao, a Telugu short story writerNEWS, Staff Reporter, Writer Avasarala Ramakrishna Rao dead,weblink 1 March 2015, The Hindu, 29 October 2011,
• Vempati Sadasiva Brahmam, a Telugu writer of film stories, dialogues and lyrics, in the early period of Telugu cinema.
• Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Telugu film director

References

{{reflist}}{{commons category|Tuni}}{{Kakinada district}}