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Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)
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Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)
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{{short description|1660 peace treaty to end the Second Northern War}}{{distinguish|Treaty of Copenhagen (1441)}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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name | Treaty of Copenhagen| long_name = | image = | image_width = | image_alt = | caption = | type = Bilateral treaty| context = | date_drafted =
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| publisher= danmarkshistorien, June 1, 2019, Opening positionsCharles X of Sweden would not accept any other outcome than Sweden's receipt of Akershus county, in exchange for the return of Trøndelag and Bornholm to Denmark-Norway; Frederick III of Denmark on the other hand refused to abide by the terms of the Treaty of Roskilde, instead wanting to revert to the conditions of the Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645).BERäTTELSER UR SVENSKA HISTORIEN>YEAR=1885â1886 | AUTHOR2=BäCKSTRöM, PER OLOF | PAGE=366,weblink Both kings were stubborn, and had to depend on the mediating powers, France and England on the Swedish side, and the Dutch Republic on the Danish side, to bring about a treaty.Frederick argued to his Dutch allies that Swedish control of Scania would present an eternal lingering threat to Copenhagen, and proposed a Danish-Dutch alliance to retake Scania. Frederick had the support of Brandenburg and Austria, but the Dutch had already agreed with England that preventing the western and eastern shore of Ãresund from being controlled by the same country would in turn prevent future increases in the Ãresund toll, which would cause disruption in the Dutch and English Baltic trade. In addition, Cardinal Jules Mazarin threatened a French invasion of the Netherlands if it were to assist Denmark against Sweden.CE1913, Jules Mazarin, 10, Goyau, Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges, 1, When learning of Charles' death in February 1660, Frederick immediately proclaimed the Treaty of Roskilde null and void. This caused great alarm to the Swedish mediators, but their French and English counterparts assured them that if Sweden were to yield their claim to Trøndelag but otherwise stick by the terms of Roskilde, France and England would assure a treaty under those conditions. Denmark insisted on the return of the Scanian lands, with the support of Brandenburg, Austria and Poland, but this time the Dutch did not agree with Denmark. On 8 March 1660, admiral Michiel de Ruyter and his Dutch fleet were ordered to leave the harbour of Landskrona, where he had bottled up the Swedish fleet. Frederick yielded, and the negotiations began in earnest on 24 March.WEB,weblink Geburtstag von Michiel de Ruyter, 31 January 2017, WDR, June 1, 2019, NegotiationsThe most contentious point was regarding the control of the island of Bornholm. The people of Bornholm had risen against their Swedish occupants, and killed the Swedish commander, Johan Printzensköld. They now feared retribution, were the island to remain in Swedish hands. Frederick had given his word of honour to protect his faithful subjects to the utmost; he kept his promise by demanding the return of Bornholm to Denmark despite the threats of Sweden and the negotiating powers. It was then suggested that Denmark would provide compensation by ceding several estates held by Danish noble families in Scania to the crown of Sweden.WEB,weblink Johan Printzensköld, Nordisk familjebok, June 1, 2019, At this point, however, the negotiations started to derail as the mediating countries' representatives became involved in intrigues that weren't in the interests of their client states. Exasperated by the slow progress of the negotiations, Hannibal Sehested suggested that negotiations should proceed directly between Denmark and Sweden. The suggestion was accepted by the Swedes, and in a few days the conditions of the treaty were agreed upon.WEB,weblink Hannibal Sehested, Norsk biografisk leksikon, June 1, 2019,Termsmissing image!
On 27 May, the treaty was signed in the tents that had been erected halfway between Copenhagen and the fortified Swedish camp of Carlstad. Four days later the remnants of the Swedish army in Zealand, now numbering 3,000, finally began leaving the outskirts of Copenhagen.The terms of the treaty were as follows: - The height of Swedish territories in 1658..png - Sweden in yellow, Denmark-Norway in red. Sweden had to return Trøndelag and Bornholm to Denmark-Norway. Ceded areas in green.
See alsoReferencesExternal links{{Second Northern War treaties}} |
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