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The archetypical settlement in ancient Greece was the self-governing city state called the polis (), but other types of settlement occurred.

Kome

A kome () was typically a village that was also a political unit. The translation is inexact, but according to Thucydides, Sparta, though it was a polis, resembled four unwalled villages. Similarly, a kome could be a neighbourhood within a larger polis or its own rural settlement. Thucydides mused that the polis had developed from the kome.BOOK,weblink Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis, Hansen, Mogens Herman, Raaflaub, Kurt A., 1995-01-01, Franz Steiner Verlag, 9783515067591, en,

Katoikia

A katoikia () was similar to a polis, typically a military colony,BOOK,weblink The Seleucid Army: Organization and Tactics in the Great Campaigns, Bar-Kochva, Bezalel, Bezalel Bar-Kochva, 1976, Cambridge University Press, 9780521206679, en, with some municipal institutions, but not those of a full polis. The word derives from the for "to inhabit" (a settlement) and is somewhat similar{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} to the Latin civitas. In the Classical era, there were few katoikiai; however, with the rise of large centralized empires following the conquests of Alexander the Great, they became the main type of Greek settlement, especially in the newly conquered east.WEB,weblink Strong's Greek: 2733. κατοικία (katoikia) -- a dwelling, habitation, biblehub.com, 2016-04-10, Sometimes these were fortresses, inside a city or in an open position. They were an equivalent of the English idea of a fort.

Colonies

Many of the poleis in ancient Greece established colonies, of which many went on to be fully independent poleis of their own. These include:

Emporia

• An Emporion () was a Greek trading-colony and could be a self-contained settlement or a section of either another Greek polis or of a non-Greek town. Emporia were usually found in ports and could be considered to be the reverse of a politeum.

Cleruchy

• A cleruchy () was a colony, typically Athenian, which despite being in a different location from the mother city, did not achieve independence. Instead, it remained part of the mother city's polis, with citizenship being retained by the settlers, and it may have functioned like a kome.

Politeum

• Politeuma denoted, particularly in the Seleucid kingdom and Ptolemaic Egypt, enclaves of minority populations of (wikt:Macedonian|Macedonian)s, Greeks, Persians and Jews, who had some degree of self-government and independent jurisdiction within a city.M. Th. Lenger, Corpus des Ordonnances des Ptolémées, 21980, XVIIIf.

Military settlements

Within the Greek world, several military establishments resembled civilian towns.

• A phrourion () was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum (English fortress). The word carries a sense of being a watching entity.
• A stratopedon () was an army camp, equivalent to the Roman castra. It differed from a phrourion in that it was not normally permanent.

References