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{{Short description|Process or activity of imparting knowledge and skills}} Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience in the context of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.BOOK, Musial, Manuel, How to design a teaching course, Pradere, Fabienne, Tricot, André, De Boeck, 2012, 978- 2-8041-6936-7, Brussels, Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.BOOK, Chessex-Viguet, Christiane,weblink Penser l'école, L'Harmattan, 2015, 978-2-343-06826-8, Paris, 922630409, BOOK, Ver, Naïl, Professeur des écoles: droits, responsabilités, carrière, Paul, Adeline, Malki, Farid, Retz Éditions, 2014, 9782725632520, fr, School teacher: rights, responsibilities, career, 871305750,

Profession

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Training

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Teaching in non-human animals

Teaching has been considered uniquely human because of mentalistic definitions. Indeed, in psychology, teaching is defined by the intention of the teacher, which is to transmit information and/or behavior and/or skill. This implies the need for the teacher to assess the knowledge state of the potential learner, thus to demonstrate theory of mind abilities. As theory of mind and intentions are difficult (if not impossible) to assess in non-humans, teaching was considered uniquely human.JOURNAL, Kline, Michelle Ann, How to learn about teaching: An evolutionary framework for the study of teaching behavior in humans and other animals, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2015, e31, 10.1017/S0140525X14000090,weblink However, if teaching is defined by its function, it is then possible to assess its presence among non-human species. Caro and HauserJOURNAL, Caro, T.M., Hauser, M.D., Is There Teaching in Nonhuman Animals?, The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1992, 67, 2, 151-174, 10.1086/417553,weblink suggested a functionalist definition. For a behavior to be labeled as teaching, three criteria must be met :

• The behavior of the "teacher" must be observed only in the presence of a naive individual
• The behavior represents a cost for the teacher, or at least no direct benefit
• The possible consequence of the behavior is a learning gain for the learner

References

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Further reading

• BOOK, Cordier, Mary Hurlbut,weblink Schoolwomen of the prairies and plains : personal narratives from Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, 1860s-1920s, University of New Mexico Press, 1992, 9780826313843, 1st, Albuquerque, 25786967,
• BOOK, Elsbree, Willard S.,weblink The American Teacher: Evolution of a Profession in a Democracy, American Book Company, 1939, 9780837139210, 1st, New York, 120903,
• BOOK, Parkerson, Donald H.,weblink The American Teacher: Foundations of Education, Parkerson, Jo Ann, Routledge, Taylor & Francis, 2008, 9780203895122, New York,
• BOOK, Wyman, Andrea,weblink Rural Women Teachers in the United States: A Sourcebook, The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1997, 9780810831568, Lanham, MD, 34321265,

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