GetWiki

{{Warning|1=Tables on this page might have wrong values and they should not be trusted until someone checks them out. See talk page for more info.}}{{short description|For some substances and engineering materials, includes volumetric and molar values}}The table of specific heat capacities gives the volumetric heat capacity as well as the specific heat capacity of some substances and engineering materials, and (when applicable) the molar heat capacity.Generally, the most notable constant parameter is the volumetric heat capacity (at least for solids) which is around the value of 3 megajoule per cubic meter per kelvin:Ashby, Shercliff, Cebon, Materials, Cambridge University Press, Chapter 12: Atoms in vibration: material and heatrho c_p simeq 3,text{MJ}/(text{m}^3{cdot}text{K})quad text{(solid)}Note that the especially high molar values, as for paraffin, gasoline, water and ammonia, result from calculating specific heats in terms of moles of molecules. If specific heat is expressed per mole of atoms for these substances, none of the constant-volume values exceed, to any large extent, the theoretical Dulong–Petit limit of 25 Jâ‹…mol−1â‹…K−1 = 3 R per mole of atoms (see the last column of this table). For example, Paraffin has very large molecules and thus a high heat capacity per mole, but as a substance it does not have remarkable heat capacity in terms of volume, mass, or atom-mol (which is just 1.41 R per mole of atoms, or less than half of most solids, in terms of heat capacity per atom). Dulong–Petit limit also explains why dense substance which have very heavy atoms, such like lead, rank very low in mass heat capacity.In the last column, major departures of solids at standard temperatures from the Dulong–Petit law value of 3 R, are usually due to low atomic weight plus high bond strength (as in diamond) causing some vibration modes to have too much energy to be available to store thermal energy at the measured temperature. For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to other atoms, as happens in many solids.{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center”date=February 2015}} Notable minima and maxima are shown in maroon.! rowspan=2 | Substance! rowspan=2 | Phase! rowspan=2 | Isobaric mass heat capacitycPJâ‹…g−1â‹…K−1! colspan=2 | Molar heat capacity, CP,m and CV,mJâ‹…mol−1â‹…K−1! rowspan=2 | Isobaricvolumetricheat capacityCP,v Jâ‹…cm−3â‹…K−1! rowspan=2 | Isochoric molar by atom heat capacity CV,am mol-atom−1! Isobaric! Isochoric

Earth’s atmosphere	(Sea level, dry, 0 Â°C (273.15 K)) >					|

Air (typical room conditionsA)	gas	1.012	29.19	20.85	0.00121

Aluminium	solid	0.897	24.2		2.422	2.91 R

Ammonia	liquid	4.700	80.08		3.263	3.21 R

Tissue (biology)#Tissues found in Animals	Page 183 in: MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS	LAST=CORNELIUS	YEAR= 2008						|

Antimony	solid	0.207	25.2		1.386	3.03 R

Argon	gas	0.5203	20.7862	12.4717

Arsenic	solid	0.328	24.6		1.878	2.96 R

Beryllium	solid	1.82	16.4		3.367	1.97 R

BismuthHTTP://HYPERPHYSICS.PHY-ASTR.GSU.EDU/HBASE/TABLES/SPHTT.HTML#C1 >TITLE=TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEATS,	solid	0.123	25.7		1.20	3.09 R

Cadmium	solid	0.231	26.02		2.00	3.13 R

Carbon dioxide CO2YOUNG AND GELLER COLLEGE PHYSICS>EDITION=8TH	LAST2=GELLER	YEAR= 2008						|

Chromium	solid	0.449	23.35		3.21	2.81 R

Copper	solid	0.385	24.47		3.45	2.94 R

Diamond	solid	0.5091	6.115		1.782	0.74 R

Ethanol	liquid	2.44	112		1.925

Gasoline (octane)	liquid	2.22	228		1.640

Glass	solid	0.84			2.1

Gold	solid	0.129	25.42		2.492	3.05 R

Granite	solid	0.790			2.17

Graphite	solid	0.710	8.53		1.534	1.03 R

Helium	gas	5.1932	20.7862	12.4717

Hydrogen	gas	14.30	28.82

Hydrogen sulfide H2S	gas	1.015B	34.60

Iron]www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-capacity-d_391.html	solid	0.449	25.09HTTP://WEBBOOK.NIST.GOV/CGI/CBOOK.CGI?ID=C7439896&MASK=2&TYPE=JANAFS&TABLE=ON#JANAFS>PUBLISHER=NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY	PAGES=1–1951	LAST1=CHASE			|3.02 R

Lead	solid	0.129	26.4		1.440	3.18 R

Lithium	solid	3.58	24.8		1.912	2.98 R

Lithium at 181 Â°CHTTP://FUSIONNET.SEAS.UCLA.EDU/INPUT/PDF/1997%20-%20ITER%20MATERIAL%20PROPERTIES%20HANDBOOK%20-%20VOLAR01-3108%20-%20NO1%20-%20P1-4.PDF >TITLE=MATERIALS PROPERTIES HANDBOOK, MATERIAL: LITHIUM	ARCHIVEURL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20060905164310/HTTP://FUSIONNET.SEAS.UCLA.EDU/INPUT/PDF/1997%20-%20ITER%20MATERIAL%20PROPERTIES%20HANDBOOK%20-%20VOLAR01-3108%20-%20NO1%20-%20P1-4.PDF			4.233 >			|

Lithium at 181 Â°CHTTP://FUSIONNET.SEAS.UCLA.EDU/INPUT/PDF/1997%20-%20ITER%20MATERIAL%20PROPERTIES%20HANDBOOK%20-%20VOLAR01-3108%20-%20NO1%20-%20P1-4.PDF >TITLE=MATERIALS PROPERTIES HANDBOOK, MATERIAL: LITHIUM	ARCHIVEURL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20060905164310/HTTP://FUSIONNET.SEAS.UCLA.EDU/INPUT/PDF/1997%20-%20ITER%20MATERIAL%20PROPERTIES%20HANDBOOK%20-%20VOLAR01-3108%20-%20NO1%20-%20P1-4.PDF			4.379 >			| 3.65 R

Magnesium	solid	1.02	24.9		1.773	2.99 R

Mercury (element)	>					| 3.36 R

Methane at 2 Â°C	gas	2.191	35.69

MethanolHCV (MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY (CV)) DATA FOR METHANOL> WORK=DORTMUND DATA BANK SOFTWARE AND SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY						|

Molten salt (142–540 Â°C)HEAT STORAGE IN MATERIALS> WORK=THE ENGINEERING TOOLBOX						|

Nitrogen	gas	1.040	29.12	20.8

Neon	gas	1.0301	20.7862	12.4717

Oxygen	gas	0.918	29.38	21.0

Paraffin waxC25H52	solid	2.5 (avg)	900		2.325

Polyethylene (rotomolding grade)R. J.>LAST= CRAWFORD

ISBN=978-1-59124-192-8, HTTPS://WWW.NIST.GOV/DATA/PDFFILES/JPCRD178.PDF>DOI=10.1063/1.555636

YEAR=1981

FIRST1=UMESH

FIRST2=BERNHARD

VOLUME=10

PAGE=119

|

Silicon dioxide	(fused) >					|

Silver	solid	0.233	24.9		2.44	2.99 R

Sodium	solid	1.230	28.23		1.19	3.39 R

Steel	solid	0.466			3.756

Tin	solid	0.227	27.112		1.659	3.26 R

Titanium	solid	0.523	26.060		2.6384	3.13 R

Tungsten	solid	0.134	24.8		2.58	2.98 R

Uranium	solid	0.116	27.7		2.216	3.33 R

Water (molecule)	at 100 Â°C (steam) >		2.03 >	36.5 >	27.5 >	1.53 >|

Water (molecule)	at 25 Â°C >		4.1816 >	75.34 >	74.55 >	4.138 >|

Water (molecule)	at 100 Â°C >		4.216 {{Dubious>date=May 2023}}	75.95	67.9	3.77

Water (molecule)	at −10 Â°C (ice) >		2.05 >	38.09 >		1.938 >|

Zinc	solid	0.387	25.2		2.76	3.03 R

class=“sortbottom“! Substance! Phase! Isobaricmassheat capacitycPJâ‹…g−1â‹…K−1! Isobaricmolarheat capacityCP,mJâ‹…mol−1â‹…K−1! Isochoremolarheat capacityCV,mJâ‹…mol−1â‹…K−1! Isobaricvolumetricheat capacityCP,vJâ‹…cm−3â‹…K−1! Isochoreatom-molarheat capacityin units of RCV,amatom-mol−1A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 Â°C, a dewpoint of 9 Â°C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).B Calculated values JOURNAL, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09850.x, 7778459, Fat content affects heat capacity: a study in mice, 1995, Faber, P., Garby, L., Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 153, 2, 185–7,

Mass heat capacity of building materials

{{See also|Thermal mass}}(Usually of interest to builders and solar ){| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center“|+Mass heat capacity of building materials! Substance! Phase! cPJâ‹…g−1â‹…K−1

Bitumen	>	| 0.920

Brick	solid	0.840

Concrete	solid	0.880

Glass, silica	liquid	0.840

Glass, crown	liquid	0.670

Glass, flint	liquid	0.503

Glass, borosilicate	liquid	0.753

Granite	solid	0.790

Gypsum	solid	1.090

Marble, mica	solid	0.880

Sand	solid	0.835

Soil	solid	0.800

Water	liquid	4.1813

Wood	solid	1.7 (1.2 to 2.9)

class=“sortbottom“! Substance! Phase! cPJâ‹…g−1â‹…K−1

Human body

The specific heat of the human body calculated from the measured values of individual tissues is 2.98 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1. This is 17% lower than the earlier wider used one based on non measured values of 3.47 kJ · kg−1· °C−1. The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera).JOURNAL, Xu, Xiaojiang, Rioux, Timothy P., Castellani, Michael P., 2023, The specific heat of the human body is lower than previously believed: The journal Temperature toolbox, Temperature, 10, 2, 235–239, 10.1080/23328940.2022.2088034, 2332-8940, 10274559, 37332308,

See also

• List of thermal conductivities

References

{{reflist}}