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Schwerin
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{{Short description|Capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany}}{{other uses}}









! style="background:#efefef;“|Rank! style="background:#efefef;“|Nationality! style="background:#efefef;“|Population (31.12.2022)
factoids
type Town



position=center
|image_coa = DEU Schwerin COA.svg|image_flag = Flagge Schwerin.svg
53N25format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_plan = |plantext = |state = Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|district = urban|elevation = 38|area = 130.46|postal_code = 19053, 19055, 19057, 19059, 19061, 19063|area_code = 0385|licence = SN|Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 04 000|divisions = 18 boroughs|website = schwerin.de|mayor = Rico BadenschierKommunalwahlen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Ergebnisse der Bürgermeisterwahlen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Landesamt für innere Verwaltung, accessed 2 August 2021.|leader_term = 2016–23|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister|party = SPD}}Schwerin ({{IPA-de|ʃveˈʁiːn|lang|De-Schwerin2.ogg}}; Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Low German: Swerin; Polabian: Zwierzyn; Latin: Suerina, Suerinum) is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as well as of the region of Mecklenburg, after Rostock. It has around 96,000 inhabitants, and is thus the least populous of all German state capitals.Schwerin is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Schwerin (Schweriner See), the second-largest lake of the Mecklenburg Lake Plateau after the Müritz, and there are eleven other lakes within Schwerin’s city limits. The city is surrounded by the district of Northwestern Mecklenburg to the north, and the district of Ludwigslust-Parchim to the south. Schwerin and the two surrounding districts form the eastern outskirts of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. The name of the city is of Slavic origin, deriving from the root “zvěŕ” (wild animal) or “zvěŕin” (game reserve, animal garden, stud farm).Schwerin was first mentioned in 1018 as Zuarina and was granted city rights in 1160 by Henry the Lion, thus it is the oldest city of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. As main residence of the House of Mecklenburg, a dynasty with Slavic roots also known as the Obotrites or Niklotides, Schwerin was the capital of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1379 to 1815, of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (after the duke was elevated to the title of a grand duke) from 1815 to 1918, of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1918 to 1934, of the State of Mecklenburg (after it was merged with the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz) from 1934 to 1952, and of the District of Schwerin from 1952 to 1990.The romantic Schwerin Palace, situated on Castle Island between Lake Schwerin and Castle Lake, known for its golden dome, the Castle Church, the throne room, and the Niklot statue, used to be the seat of the dukes and grand dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and since 1990, it is the seat of the state parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Schwerin’s silhouette is completed by the towers of Schwerin Cathedral, St Paul’s Church and St Nicholas’ Church. Because of only minor damage in World War II, the city has a largely intact building structure, both in the Altstadt (Old Town) and Schelfstadt (Reed City) quarters.Major industries and employers include high technology, machine building, healthcare, government agencies, railway supply, consumer goods and tourism. Schwerin has two academic colleges, the Schwerin campus of the “Fachhochschule des Mittelstands” (University of Applied Sciences of the Mittelstand), and the Schwerin campus of the “Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit” (University of the Federal Employment Agency). There is a regional airport in Parchim, southeast of the city, while Hamburg Airport serves as the city’s main airport.

History

Early years

Schwerin is enclosed by lakes. The largest of these lakes, the Schweriner See, has an area of 60 km2. In the middle part of these lakes there was a settlement of the Slavic Obotrite (dated back to the 11th century). The area was called Zuarin (Polabian Zwierzyn), and the name Schwerin is derived from that designation. In 1160, Henry the Lion defeated the Obotrites and captured Schwerin. The town was later expanded into a powerful regional centre. A castle was built on this site, and expanded to become a ducal palace. It is supposedly haunted by the small, impious ghost, called Petermännchen (“Peterman”).In 1358, Schwerin became a part of the Duchy of Mecklenburg, making it the seat of the duchy from then on. About 1500, the construction of the Schwerin Palace began, as a residence for the dukes. After the division of Mecklenburg (1621), Schwerin became the capital of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Between 1765 and 1837, the town of Ludwigslust served as the capital, until Schwerin was reinstated.

Recent times

In the mid-1800s, many residents from Schwerin moved to the United States, many to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Today Milwaukee and Schwerin are sister cities. After 1918, and during the German Revolution, resulting in the fall of all the German monarchies, the Grand Duke abdicated. Schwerin became capital of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin thereafter.During World War II, Schwerin was hit by bombs in July 1940, on 7 April 1945 and 19 April 1945.WEB,www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/kriegsende/19-April-1945-Bomben-auf-Schwerin,bombenschwerin100.html, April 1945: Bomben auf Schwerin, At the end of World War II, on 2 May 1945, Schwerin was taken by United States troops. It was turned over to the British on 1 June 1945, and one month later, on 1 July 1945,Some evidence{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} calls into doubt the date on which the British withdrew to the predesignated occupation zone. Local residents claim that the British forces did not relinquish control of Schwerin until later in the year, probably November, following a brief artillery exchange across lake Schwerin between the British and the Soviets. Allegedly there were no deaths. it was handed over to the Soviet forces, as the British and American forces pulled back from the line of contact to the predesignated occupation zones.Schwerin was then in the Soviet Occupation Zone which was to become the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Initially, it was the capital of the State of Mecklenburg which at that time included the western part of Pomerania (Vorpommern). After the states were dissolved in the GDR, in 1952, Schwerin served as the capital of the Schwerin district (Bezirk Schwerin).
After reunification in 1990, the former state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was recreated as one of the . Rostock was a serious contender for state capital but the decision went in favour of Schwerin.

Population

{{historical populations|1500|2500|1790|3512|1819|5854|1840|16648|1860|23517|1880|30146|1900|38667|1910|42519|1925|48157|1933|53621|1940|67200|1950|93576|1961|92902|1966|92356|1971|100888|1976|110051|1981|122264|1986|128328|1991|125959|1996|111029|2001|99978|2006|96280|2011|95300|2016|96558|2021|95740|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}Schwerin has a population of about 95,000 and is the smallest state capital of Germany. In East Germany era, Schwerin was a industry city known for its leather productions. In 1991, when Schwerin became the capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state, it had a population of 126,000. After the German Reunification, Schwerin’s population started to decline and fell below 100,000 in 2000, so that it lost its official status as a major city. Schwerin is also the only state capital that has no universities.{|class=“wikitable”
Syria}}2,142
Ukraine}}1,785
Afghanistan}}713
Russia}}541
Vietnam}}503

Geography

File:Schwerinersee.png|thumb|400px|Schwerin on Lake SchwerinLake Schwerin(File:Ortsteile Schwerin Karte.png|thumb|400px|The 26 boroughs of Schwerin)

Lakes

The 12 lakes within Schwerin’s city limits and their size in km2:

Islands

  • Rabbit Ait (Kaninchenwerder) in Lake Schwerin
  • Brick Ait (Ziegelwerder) in Lake Schwerin
  • Castle Island (Schlossinsel) between Lake Schwerin and Castle Lake
  • Big Murrkiten Island (Große Murrkiteninsel) in the Brick Lake
  • Small Murrkiten Island (Kleine Murrkiteninsel) in the Brick Lake
  • Big Stone (Großer Stein) in Lake Schwerin

Boroughs

The urban area of Schwerin is subdivided into 17 local districts,WEB,www.schwerin.de/kultur-tourismus/stadtportrait/stadtteile/, Stadtteile, www.schwerin.de, de, 2017-07-26, each with a local council. The districts consist of one or more boroughs. The local councilors have between 5 and 15 members depending on the number of inhabitants. They are determined by the city council for the duration of the election period of the city council after each municipal election. The local councilors are to hear important matters concerning the district and have a right of initiative. However, the final decisions are made by the city council of the city as a whole.The 17 districts and 26 boroughs:
  • Schelfstadt, Werdervorstadt, Schelfwerder (1)
  • Altstadt (Old Town), Feldstadt, Paulsstadt, Lewenberg (2)
  • Großer Dreesch (formerly Dreesch I) (3)
  • Neu Zippendorf (formerly Dreesch II) (4)
  • Mueßer Holz (formerly Dreesch III) (5)
  • Gartenstadt, Ostorf (formerly Haselholz, Ostorf) (6)
  • Lankow (7)
  • Weststadt (8)
  • Krebsförden (9)
  • Wüstmark, Göhrener Tannen (10)
  • Görries (11)
  • Friedrichsthal (12)
  • Neumühle, Sacktannen (13)
  • Warnitz (14)
  • Wickendorf, Medewege (15)
  • Zippendorf (16)
  • Mueß (17)
There is a small enclave between the boroughs of Neumühle and Görries, belonging to the neighbouring municipality of Klein Rogahn.Schwerin clockwise borders the municipalities of Klein Trebbow (N), Seehof (Mecklenburg), Leezen (Mecklenburg) (lake border and border on Paul’s Dam (Paulsdamm) only), Raben Steinfeld (E), Plate, Banzkow, Lübesse (S), Holthusen, Pampow, Klein Rogahn (W), Wittenförden, Brüsewitz, and Pingelshagen.

Climate

{{Weather box | location = Schwerin (1991–2020 normals) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | collapsed = |Jan record high C = 14.7|Feb record high C = 18.3|Mar record high C = 23.5|Apr record high C = 29.3|May record high C = 35.7|Jun record high C = 35.1|Jul record high C = 38.4|Aug record high C = 37.8|Sep record high C = 32.9|Oct record high C = 26.8|Nov record high C = 19.7|Dec record high C = 15.2|year record high C = 38.4|Jan high C = 3.3|Feb high C = 4.4|Mar high C = 8.2|Apr high C = 13.8|May high C = 18.1|Jun high C = 21.0|Jul high C = 23.3|Aug high C = 23.1|Sep high C = 18.8|Oct high C = 13.2|Nov high C = 7.5|Dec high C = 4.2| year high C = 13.2|Jan mean C = 1.2|Feb mean C = 1.8|Mar mean C = 4.4|Apr mean C = 9.0|May mean C = 13.1|Jun mean C = 16.2|Jul mean C = 18.4|Aug mean C = 18.1|Sep mean C = 14.3|Oct mean C = 9.7|Nov mean C = 5.2|Dec mean C = 2.2|year mean C = 9.5|Jan low C = -1.1|Feb low C = -0.9|Mar low C = 1.1|Apr low C = 4.4|May low C = 8.1|Jun low C = 11.4|Jul low C = 13.8|Aug low C = 13.7|Sep low C = 10.6|Oct low C = 6.6|Nov low C = 2.9|Dec low C = 0.1|year low C = 5.9|Jan record low C = -22.2|Feb record low C = -27.0|Mar record low C = -17.7|Apr record low C = -7.4|May record low C = -2.5|Jun record low C = 1.1|Jul record low C = 5.6|Aug record low C = 4.9|Sep record low C = 0.1|Oct record low C = -4.5|Nov record low C = -11.7|Dec record low C = -20.9|year record low C = -27.0|precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 55.6|Feb precipitation mm = 42.4|Mar precipitation mm = 44.0|Apr precipitation mm = 35.1|May precipitation mm = 46.7|Jun precipitation mm = 59.0|Jul precipitation mm = 75.4|Aug precipitation mm = 67.2|Sep precipitation mm = 52.2|Oct precipitation mm = 51.0|Nov precipitation mm = 48.3|Dec precipitation mm = 56.5| year precipitation mm = 628.5| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 17.4|Feb precipitation days = 15.1|Mar precipitation days = 14.5|Apr precipitation days = 11.8|May precipitation days = 13.1|Jun precipitation days = 13.6|Jul precipitation days = 15.2|Aug precipitation days = 14.8|Sep precipitation days = 13.6|Oct precipitation days = 14.7|Nov precipitation days = 16.3|Dec precipitation days = 17.7|year precipitation days = 176.9|Jan sun = 44.5|Feb sun = 63.6|Mar sun = 128.5|Apr sun = 190.6|May sun = 236.3|Jun sun = 229.4|Jul sun = 227.4|Aug sun = 207.2|Sep sun = 157.3|Oct sun = 106.2|Nov sun = 49.8|Dec sun = 35.0|year sun = 1661.0|Jan humidity = 87.0|Feb humidity = 83.4|Mar humidity = 78.4|Apr humidity = 71.0|May humidity = 70.8|Jun humidity = 71.8|Jul humidity = 72.8|Aug humidity = 74.0|Sep humidity = 78.8|Oct humidity = 84.1|Nov humidity = 88.4|Dec humidity = 88.8|unit snow days = 1.0 cm|Jan snow days = 7.7|Feb snow days = 7.6|Mar snow days = 3.4|Apr snow days = 0.2|May snow days = 0|Jun snow days = 0|Jul snow days = 0|Aug snow days = 0|Sep snow days = 0|Oct snow days = 0|Nov snow days = 1.3|Dec snow days = 3.7|year snow days = | source 1 = World Meteorological OrganizationWEB,web.archive.org/web/20231012173933/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Schwerin_10162.csv, 12 October 2023,www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Schwerin_10162.csv, World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020, World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 13 October 2023, | source 2 = InfoclimatWEB,www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/schwerin/valeurs/10162.html, Normals et records climatologiques 1991-2020 à Schwerin, Infoclimat, fr, 23 October 2023, }}

Transport

City buses and trams are run by NVS (Nahverkehr Schwerin).NVS (Nahverkehr Schwerin)Schwerin Hauptbahnhof (central station) is connected by rail to Berlin, Hamburg and Rostock.

Main sights

Museums

  • The Staatliches Museum Schwerin-Kunstsammlungen (State Art Museum) houses a remarkable collection of 17th-century Dutch paintings and German art from medieval and renaissance masters up to the present day. There are also a collection of Greek vases, the notable collection of Paintings of Jean-Baptiste Oudry, a collection of sculptures of Houdon, German 18th-century court paintings, and works by such modern artists as Max Liebermann, Franz Stuck, Marcel Duchamp etc. The Graphic cabinet houses rich collections of Dutch and German drawings and prints (Jan van Goyen, Dürer, Cranach, Rembrandt, Merian) and a notable collection of coloured graphics from the time of the GDR.
  • The State Museum of Technology (Technische Museum), housed in the former Marstall (Royal Stables). In 2012 the Technische Museum moved to the city of Wismar located 40 km north of Schwerin.

Crime rate

According to the official 2007 Crime Report for Germany, Schwerin was the only German city with a crime rate over 17,000 total offenses committed per 100,000 inhabitants;Official Police Report for Germany, cf. p. 17. thus being 1st in the list of Germany’s most dangerous cities. The larger cities, such as Berlin, Frankfurt am Main, or Bremen, all have crime rates ranging from 14,000 to 16,000 total offenses committed per 100,000 people. However, Schwerin is the only city where riding a bus (or tram) without a ticket and social security fraud is counted towards the crime rate, significantly boosting the numbers.WEB, 19.05.07 / Aufgeklrt: Das wilde Rubernest Schwerin,www.webarchiv-server.de/pin/archiv07/2020070519paz13.htm, www.webarchiv-server.de, 31 March 2021,

Twin towns – sister cities

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}Schwerin is twinned with:WEB, Städtepartnerschaften,www.schwerin.de/kultur-tourismus/Information/stadtportrait/staedtepartnerschaften/, schwerin.de, Schwerin, de, 2021-03-24, {{div col|colwidth=15em}} {{div col end}}

Notable people

File:Heinrich von Bülow (IZ 04-81).jpg|thumb|140px|Heinrich von Bülow ]]File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R10922, Franziska Ellmenreich.jpg|thumb|140px|Franziska EllmenreichFranziska Ellmenreich

Aristocracy

File:Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Crown Princess of Germany and Prussia.jpg|thumb|140px|Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-SchwerinDuchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Sport

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S0709-0009, Andrea Pollack.jpg|thumb|140px|Andrea PollackAndrea Pollack 1976 Summer Olympics[edih]

Gallery

Schwerin Mecklenburgisches Staatstheater Schwerin Mecklenburg State Theatre Mecklenburg Staatstheater.jpg|Mecklenburg State TheatreSchloss Schwerin (Mecklenburg).jpg|Castle of Schwerin in the eveningBlick über schwerin2016 15.jpg|View of the old townШверин. Улочка.jpg|SchelfstadtGermany schwerin aerial view ArM.jpg|Aerial view of Schwerin13-06-22-schwerin-50mm-by-RalfR-098.jpg|Schwerin Cathedral in the city centreSchelfstadt.jpg|Schelfstadt and its baroque Schelf Church, Lake Schwerin in the backSchwerin_St_Paul.jpg|Saint Paul’s ChurchE-Werk Schwerin (5407745529).jpg|Former power station (E-Werk)Schwerin_Fridericianeum.jpg|FHM, private university13-06-20-orangerie-schwerin-033.jpg|Castle orangerieSchwerin Staatliches Museum 2009-10-20 010.jpg|State Museum and Mecklenburg State TheatreFrühling im Schlossgarten.jpg|Schlossgarten(File:Panorama Schwerin.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Panoramic view of Schwerin’s historic city centre){{clear}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{Wikivoyage}}{{Commons|Schwerin}} {{Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}{{Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany}}{{List of European capitals by region}}{{Bezirke DDR Seats}}{{Lower Saxon Circle}}{{Authority control}}

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