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{{Short description|Finnish-Swedish scientist (1900–1991)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

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Riihimäki, Grand Duchy of Finland>Finland, Russian Empire19911210df=yes}}| death_place = Stockholm, Sweden| citizenship = Russian Empire (1900-1917)Finnish (1917–1941)Swedish (1941–1991)| field = Physiology| alma_mater = University of Helsinki| doctoral_advisor =| doctoral_students = | work_institution = Karolinska Institutet| known_for =

• Björkénska priset (1948)
• ForMemRS (1960)
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1967){edih}

}}Ragnar Arthur Granit {{post-nominals|post-noms=ForMemRS}}JOURNAL, Grillner, S., Ragnar Granit. 30 October 1900-11 March 1991, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 41, 1995, 184–197, 0080-4606, 10.1098/rsbm.1995.0012, 11615354, 41422376, (30 October 1900 – 12 March 1991){{BLF|5660|Ragnar Granit}} was a Finnish-Swedish scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967JOURNAL, Raju, T. N., The Nobel Chronicles, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)77968-X, The Lancet, 354, 9178, 605–779, 1999, 10470741, 53297408, JOURNAL, 10.4065/73.11.1082 first1 = M. A. first2 = R. A., Ragnar Granit—Nobel Laureate in Medicine, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 73, 11, 1082, 1998 doi-access = free, JOURNAL, Dowling, J. E., Ratliff, F., Nobel Prize: Three Named for Medicine, Physiology Award, 10.1126/science.158.3800.468, Science, 158, 3800, 468–473, 1967, 4860394, 1967Sci...158..468D, 177926314, along with Haldan Keffer HartlineJOURNAL, Granit, R., Ratliff, F., Haldan Keffer Hartline. 22 December 1903-18 March 1983, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 31, 1985, 262–292, 0080-4606, 10.1098/rsbm.1985.0010, 11621205, 38661030, and George Wald "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye".JOURNAL, Kernell, D., Ragnar Granit 100 Years – Memories and Reflections, 10.1076/jhin.9.3.280.1791, Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 9, 3, 280–285, 2000, 11232369, 24690349, NOGUERA PALAU > FIRST1 = J. J., Ragnar Granit. Helsinki (1900–1991), Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología, 75, 4, 293–294, 2000, 11151162, BOUMAN > FIRST1 = H. D., Ragnar Granit, M.D., Ph.D, American Journal of Physical Medicine, 47, 1, 1, 1968, 4868641, WEB,weblink Ragnar Granit - Biographical, Nobel.se, 1991-03-12, 2016-03-08,

Early life and education

Ragnar Arthur Granit was born on 30 October 1900 in Riihimäki, Finland, at the time part of the Russian Empire, into a Swedish-speaking Finnish family. Granit was raised in Oulunkylä, a suburb of the Finnish capital of Helsinki, and attended the Svenska normallyceum in Helsinki.Granit graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Helsinki in 1927.

Career and research

In 1940, when Finland became the target of a massive Soviet attack during the Winter War, Granit sought refuge – and peaceful surroundings for his studies and research work – in Stockholm, the capital of neighbouring Sweden, at the age of 40. In 1941, Granit received Swedish citizenship, which made it possible for him to live and continue with his work without having to worry about the Continuation War, which lasted in Finland until 1944. Granit was proud of his Finnish-Swedish roots and remained a patriotic Finnish-Swede throughout his life, maintaining homes in both Finland and Sweden after the Moscow Armistice ended the Continuation War and secured Finnish independence.Granit was professor of neurophysiology at the Karolinska Institute from 1946 to his retirement in 1967.WEB,weblink Ragnar Granit Seura - Ragnar Granit Sällskapet, Ragnar Granit Foundation, 2012-03-28, 2016-03-08, WEB,weblink Ragnar Granit Institute, Rgi.fi, 2016-03-08,

Awards and honors

Granit was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1954.WEB, APS Member History,weblinkweblink 2023-01-23, 2023-01-23, search.amphilsoc.org, In 1960, Granit was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS).In 1967 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Granit said that he was a "fifty-fifty" Finnish and Swedish Nobel laureate.Ragnar Granit in the National Biography of Finland: "There have since been occasional arguments about how many of the observations that led to the Nobel Prize were made only after Granit arrived in Sweden and about whether he is 'a Finnish or a Swedish Nobel laureate'. Granit commented diplomatically on the matter by saying "fifty-fifty". When he received his Nobel Prize, Granit was indeed a Swede by citizenship; but a significant amount of his experimental work had been done in Oxford and Helsinki, and even in Stockholm his colleagues were still mostly Finns." He was elected an International Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences the following year.WEB, Ragnar Granit,weblink 2023-01-23, www.nasonline.org, In 1971, he was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.WEB, Ragnar Arthur Granit,weblink 2023-01-23, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, en, (File:Granit-1967-Nobel.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the Finnish/Swedish Nobel prize winner Ragnar Granit receiving the prize from the King of Sweden, Gustaf VI Adolf.)

Death

Granit died on 12 March 1991 in Stockholm at the age of 90. Granit and his wife Marguerite, who died the same year, were buried in a church cemetery on the Finnish island of Korpo.{{fact|date=December 2023}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture 12 December 1967 The Development of Retinal Neurophysiology
• {{BLF|5660|Ragnar Granit}}

{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1951-1975}}{{1967 Nobel Prize winners}}{{Swedish Nobel Laureates}}{{Authority control}}