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{{Short description|17th-century Dutch painter (1618–1680)}}{{Distinguish|Peter Lily}}{{More footnotes needed|date=October 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}

factoids

| birth_name = Pieter van der Faes161814|df=yes}}Soest, Germany>Soest, Westphalia1680079df=yes}}| death_place = Covent Garden, EnglandNetherlands>Dutch – English| known_for = Painting| education = | movement = | notable_works = | awards = | signature = Signature--peter lely.jpg}}Sir Peter Lely (14 September 1618 – 7 December 1680)WEB, Artist Info,www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1477.html, nga.gov, 7 January 2023, was a painter of Dutch origin whose career was nearly all spent in England, where he became the dominant portrait painter to the court. He became a naturalised British subject and was knighted in 1679.

Life

Lely was born Pieter van der Faes to Dutch parents in Soest in Westphalia,Ellis Waterhouse, Painting in Britain, 1530–1790, 1953, Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art series) where his father was an officer serving in the armed forces of the Elector of Brandenburg. Lely studied painting in Haarlem, where he may have been apprenticed to Pieter de Grebber. He became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Haarlem in 1637. He is reputed to have adopted the surname “Lely” (also occasionally spelled Lilly) from a heraldic lily on the gable of the house where his father was born in The Hague.He arrived in London in around 1643,{{harvnb|Britannica|2018}}. {{harvnb|Dethloff|2009}} His early English paintings, mainly mythological or religious scenes, or portraits set in a pastoral landscape, show influences from Anthony van Dyck and the Dutch baroque.Lely’s portraits were well received, and he succeeded Anthony van Dyck (who had died in 1641) as the most fashionable portrait artist in England. He became a freeman of the Painter-Stainers’ Company in 1647 and was portrait artist to Charles I. His talent ensured that his career was not interrupted by Charles’s execution, and he served Oliver Cromwell, whom he painted “warts and all”, and Richard Cromwell. In the years around 1650 the poet Sir Richard Lovelace wrote two poems about Lely – Peinture and “See what a clouded majesty ...“File:Peter Lely - Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Peter Lely – Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of SandwichEdward Montagu, 1st Earl of SandwichAfter the English Restoration in 1660, Lely was appointed as Charles II’s Principal Painter in Ordinary in 1661, with a stipend of £200 per year, as Van Dyck had enjoyed in the previous Stuart reign.BOOK, Sainty, J.C., Bucholz, R.O., Officials of the Royal Household, 1660–1837: Department of the Lord Chamberlain and associated offices, University of London, Institute of Historical Research, Office-holders in modern Britain, 1997, 978-1-871348-40-8,books.google.com/books?id=BYeOAAAAMAAJ, 1 May 2019, 51, In 1660 Lely was appointed ‘Limner and Picture Drawer’, being succeeded in 1681 by Riley as ‘Painter and Picture Drawer’., Lely became a naturalised English subject in 1662. The young Robert Hooke came to London to follow an apprenticeship with Lely before being given a place at Westminster School by Richard Busby.File:Lely_venus-cupid.jpg|thumb|Long-time mistress of Charles II of England, Nell Gwynne as Venus, with her son, Charles Beauclerk, as (Cupid]].HAMILTON >FIRST1=ADRIAN URL=HTTPS://WWW.INDEPENDENT.CO.UK/ARTS-ENTERTAINMENT/ART/FEATURES/CARRY-ON-YOUR-MAJESTY-CHARLES-II-AND-HIS-COURT-LADIES-7646380.HTML ARCHIVE-DATE=18 JUNE 2022 URL-STATUS=LIVE, The Independent date=16 April 2012, )Demand was high, and Lely and his large workshop were prolific.After Lely painted a sitter’s head, Lely’s pupils would often complete the portrait in one of a series of numbered poses. As a result, Lely is the first English painter who has left “an enormous mass of work”, although the quality of studio pieces is variable. As Brian Sewell put it:{{blockquote|There may well be thousands of these portraits, ranging from rare prime originals of often quite astonishing quality, to crass workshop replicas by assistants drilled to imitate Lely’s way with the fashionable face and repeat the stock patterns of the dress, landscapes, flowers, musical instruments and other essential embellishments of portraiture. On Lely’s death in 1680 his executors employed a dozen such slaves to complete for sale the many unfinished canvases stacked about his studio. It is these half-and-half and hardly-at-all Lelys that line the corridors of the indigent aristocracy whose houses are now administered by the National Trust, and no sight is more aesthetically and intellectually numbing, unless it is a corridor of Knellers.Art History News, quoting his Evening Standard review of the 2012 Lely exhibition, “Small but perfectly formed”}}Among his most famous paintings are a series of 10 portraits of ladies from the Royal court, known as the Windsor Beauties, formerly at Windsor Castle but now at Hampton Court Palace; a similar series for Althorp; a series of 12 of the admirals and captains who fought in the Second Anglo-Dutch War, known as the “Flagmen of Lowestoft”, now mostly owned by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich; and his Susannah and the Elders at Burghley House.His most famous non-portrait work is probably Nymphs by a Fountain in Dulwich Picture Gallery.Lely played a significant role in introducing the mezzotint to Britain, as he realized its possibilities for publicising his portraits. He encouraged Dutch mezzotinters to come to Britain to copy his work, laying the foundations for the English mezzotint tradition.Lely lived from about 1651 to 1680 at No. 10-11 Great Piazza, Covent Garden. He was knighted in 1679.WEB, Sir Peter Lely, Dutch Painter,www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Lely, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2018-12-21, Lely died soon afterwards at his easel in Covent Garden, while painting a portrait of the Duchess of Somerset. Sir Peter was buried at St Paul’s Church, Covent Garden.(File:Lely, Sir Peter - Nymphs by a Fountain - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|center|Nymphs by a Fountain, an atypical mythological work)

Legacy

(File:Suzanne_et_Vieillards_(Lely).jpg|thumb|Susanna and the Elders, 1650–5.)In his lifetime, Lely was known as a skillful connoisseur of art. His collection of Old Masters, including Veronese, Titian, Claude Lorrain and Rubens, and a fabulous collection of drawings, was broken up and sold after his death, raising the immense sum of £26,000.{{sfn|Cust|1893|p=21}} Some items in it which had been acquired by Lely from the Commonwealth dispersal of Charles I’s art collections, such as the Lely Venus, were re-acquired by the Royal Collection.He was replaced as court portraitist jointly by John Riley and Sir Godfrey Kneller, also a German-born Dutchman, whose style drew from Lely’s but reflecting later Continental trends. A horse was also named after him, finishing fourth in the 1996 Grand National.

Style

Lely was first and foremost a portraitist. He painted both men and women, but with a greater inclination towards the latter, whose cleavage was often accentuated, sometimes to the point of having one breast fully exposed (such as in Margaret Hughes’s earlier portrait, seen below).{{cn|date=January 2023}}The loss in 1929 of a “family portrait by Sir Peter Lely” was reported in the fire at Pit House, Farley Heath, Albury.WEB, Pit House,www.alburyhistory.org.uk/buildings/Pit%20House.pdf, Albury History Society – buildings – Pit House, Albury History Society, 13 June 2022,

Gallery

Earl and Countess Oxford.jpg|Earl and Countess of OxfordPortrait of Sir Robert Worsley.jpg|Sir Robert Worsley, 3rd BaronetLady Mary Fane.jpg|Lady Mary Fane by Sir Peter LelyLely Queen Mary II.jpg|Queen Mary IIPeter Lely - Portrait of a man, thought to be George Booth, Lord Delamere - Google Art Project.jpg|Portrait of a man, thought to be George Booth, Lord Delamere, 1660Sir Peter Lely - Portrait of Lady Elizabeth Strickland, née Pile - Google Art Project.jpg|Portrait of Lady Elizabeth Strickland, née PileCatherine of Braganza, Queen of England.jpg|Catherine of Braganza, Queen of England 1665Lely, Sir Peter - Portrait of a Lady with a Blue Drape - Google Art Project.jpg|Portrait of a Lady with a Blue Drape, circa 1660Abraham Cowley by Sir Peter Lely.jpg|Abraham Cowley, c. 1665–66Sir Peter Lely 002.jpg|Two ladies from the Lake family, 1650.Peter Lely - Diana Kirke, later Countess of Oxford - Google Art Project.jpg|Diana Kirke, later Countess of Oxford, 1665Lely, Sir Peter - A Boy as a Shepherd - Google Art Project.jpg|A Boy as a ShepherdCharles II of England.jpeg|Charles II of England, c. 1675Jane, Duchess of Norfolk.jpg|Jane Howard, Duchess of NorfolkDudleia Cullum, née North, Lady Cullum.jpeg|Dudley, Daughter of Sr. Henry North, Bart., Wife of Sir Thomas CullumSir Thomas Fanshawe of Jenkins (1628–1705) and His Wife, Margaret (1635–1674).jpeg|Sir Thomas Fanshawe of Jenkins and his wife MargaretBarbara Palmer (née Villiers), Duchess of Cleveland with her son, Charles Fitzroy, as Madonna and Child by Sir Peter Lely (2).jpg|Madonna and Child by Sir Peter LelySir William Ashburnham by Peter Lely.jpg|Sir William AshburnhamPeter Lely - Lady Frances Savile, Later Lady Brudenell - Google Art Project.jpg|Lady Frances Savile, Later Lady BrudenellLely - Portrait of an Unknown Woman - Tate.jpg|Portrait of Margaret Hughes c. 1670.Charlotte Fitzroy painted by Peter Lely.jpg|Portrait of Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield 1674Sir John Holland of Quidenham (c.1603–1701).jpg|Sir John Holland, 1st BaronetThomas Rowney the Elder (1668–1727), High Sheriff of Oxfordshire (1691), MP for Oxford (1695–1722).jpg|Thomas RowneySir Thomas Lee (1635–1691), 1st Bt.jpg|Sir Thomas Lee, 1st Baronet

Citations

{{reflist}}

General references

• DNB, Cust, Lionel Henry, Lely, Peter, 33, 19–21,
• ODNB, Dethloff, Diana, 21 May 2009, Lely, Sir Peter (1618–1680), 16419,
• ENCYCLOPEDIA, 11 September 2018, Sir Peter Lely, Britannica.com, {{harvid, Britannica, 2018, |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Lely}}
• ENCYCLOPEDIA, Millar, Oliver, Lely, Sir Peter, Grove Dictionary of Art, London, 1996, 2002, 19, 119–125, The entry includes a bibliography.
• BOOK, Millar, Oliver, Sir Peter Lely 1618–80, London, National Portrait Gallery, 1978,
• EB1911, Lely, Sir Peter, 16, Rossetti, William Michael, William Michael Rossetti, 408, 1,
• BOOK, Waterhouse, Ellis, Painting in Britain 1530 to 1790, Fourth, New York, Viking Penguin, 1978,
• BOOK, Whinney, Margaret, Millar, Oliver, English Art 1625–1714, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957,

External links

{{Commons}}

• The Oliver Millar Archive; research papers of Oliver Millar, British art historian and a leading authority on Peter Lely
• {{Art UK bio}}
• Self-portrait from the National Portrait Gallery
• Biography from the J. Paul Getty Museum
• www.nmm.ac.uk/mag/pages/mnuInDepth/Biography.cfm?biog=206" title="web.archive.org/web/20070311055346www.nmm.ac.uk/mag/pages/mnuInDepth/Biography.cfm?biog=206">Biography from the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
• Biography from the Web Gallery of Art
• Sir Peter Lely at the WikiGallery.org
• History collection from Frits Lugt’s Les marques de collections de dessins & d’estampes
• www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/collection/search_the_collection/artwork_detail.aspx?cid=516" title="archive.today/20121223213106www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/collection/search_the_collection/artwork_detail.aspx?cid=516">Nympths by a Fountain from the Dulwich Picture Gallery
• An engraving by Henry Thomas Ryall of {{ws|s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837/The Earl of Sandwich|Edward, First Earl of Sandwich]]}} for Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837 with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon that relates to the 4th Earl.

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