Late Carboniferous - Recent}}| image = Meganeurites_gracilipes_restoration.webp| image_caption = Reconstruction of Carboniferous griffinfly, Meganeurites.| taxon = Odonatoptera| authority = Martynov, 1932| subdivision_ranks = Orders

#Systematics and taxonomy>text| synonyms = Campylopterodea Rohdendorf, 1962Odonatoidea Lameere, 1936}}The Odonatoptera are a superorder (sometimes treated as an order) of ancient winged insects, placed in the probably paraphyletic group Palaeoptera. The dragonflies and damselflies are the only living members of this group, which was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (colloquially called "giant dragonflies", although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense) of the order Meganisoptera (formerly Protodonata). This lineage dates back at least to the Bashkirian, not quite 320 million years ago. Trueman & Rowe (2008)

Systematics and taxonomy

There is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera. What is certain is that they are a clade of winged insects that stands outside the Neoptera. But various authors' analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive phylogenies, or some variant thereof: The least problematic (in a taxonomic sense) view is that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Ephemeropteroidea (the mayfly lineage), and that the Palaeodictyopteroidea are either their sister taxon or a basal assemblage, all within a monophyletic Palaeoptera. But few recent analyses have supported this. Rather, it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera, making the "Palaeoptera" paraphyletic. The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans, with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects; it has seen little support in recent decades however.Maddison (2002), Trueman [2008]While the internal subdivision of this superorder is subject to much dispute and far from resolved, at least the coarser divisions seem to be fairly stable by now. Six orders are generally recognized, as well as two families incertae sedis and a further "family" that is almost certainly not monophyletic.{{contradictory inline|section=Phylogeny|date=January 2024}} Ordered from the most ancestral to the most advanced, these are:{{inconsistent|date=January 2024|reason=This text originally preceded a list of orders and families in the superorder. However, in 2018 this list was replaced with a phylogeny, partially based on PetruleviÄius & Gutierrez, 2016 (which added extra orders and families). As a result the whole "Systematics and taxonomy" is no longer cohesive and contradicts itself, and needs rewriting to suit the phylogeny, or for the phylogeny return to a simple list as before.}}

Phylogeny

Based on the work of PetruleviÄius & Gutierrez 2016.JOURNAL, JuliÃ¡n F., PetruleviÄius, Pedro Raul, Gutierrez, New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina, Arquivos EntomolÃ³xicos, 2016, 16, 341â€“358,weblink {hide}clade|label1=Odonatoptera|1={{clade

|label1=Eugeroptera
|1=â€ Eugeropteridae
|label2=Palaeodonatoptera
|2={{clade
|label1=Kukaloptera
|1=â€ Kirchneralidae
|label2=Plesiodonatoptera
|2={{clade
|label1=Argentinoptera
|1=â€ Argentinalidae
|label2=Apodonatoptera
|2={{clade
|label1=Geroptera
|1=â€ Geropteridae
|label2=Neodonataptera
|2={{clade
|1=â€ Eomeganisoptera (â€ Erasipteridae)
|2=Euodonatoptera cont'd
{edih}
}}
}}
}}
}}

}}{hide}clade|label1=Euodonatoptera|1={{clade

|1=â€ Meganisoptera (griffinflies)
|label2=Odonatoclada
|2={{clade
|1=?â€ Lapeyriidae
|label2=Campylopterodea
|2=â€ Campylopteridae
|label3=Nodialata
|3={{clade
|1=â€ Protanisoptera
|label2=Discoidalia
|2={{clade
|1=â€ Triadophlebioptera
|label2=Stigmoptera
|2={{clade
|1=â€ Protozygoptera (including Archizygoptera)
|label2=Panodonata
|2={{clade
|label1=Tarsophlebioptera
|1=â€ Tarsophlebiidae
|label2=Odonata
|2={{clade
|1=Zygoptera (damselfly)
|2=Epiprocta (dragonfly)
{edih}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

}}In some treatments, the Odonata are expanded to include all these taxa with the exception of the "Erasipteridae", Geroptera and Protodonata; this group is treated as an unranked clade Odonatoclada in the scheme used here. Where the Odonata are defined loosely, the term Odonatoidea is used instead of "Odonatoptera".See e.g. Trueman & Rowe (2008)

Footnotes

References

{{aut|Maddison, David R.}} (2002): Tree of Life Web Project – Pterygota. Winged insects. Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
{{aut|Trueman, John W.H.}} [2008]: Tree of Life Web Project – Pterygote Higher Relationships. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
{{aut|Trueman, John W.H. & Rowe, Richard J.}} (2008): Tree of Life Web Project – Odonata. Dragonflies and damselflies. Version of 2008-MAR-20. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.

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