The Forest Song|Folklore = Slavic paganism|Grouping = Female legendary creatures|Sub_Grouping = |Family = |Country = {{UKR}}|Region = Ukrainian Carpathians|Details = |First_Attested = |Similar_entities = }}Mavka () also NyavkaWEB,weblink ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾ ÐšÐ¾Ñ†ÑŽÐ±Ð¸Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ¸Ð¹ â€” Ð¢Ñ–Ð½Ñ– Ð·Ð°Ð±ÑƒÑ‚Ð¸Ñ… Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ÐºÑ–Ð² (Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ñ–Ð·, Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Ñ‚Ð²Ð¾Ñ€Ñƒ), www.ukrlib.com.ua, Mykhailo Kotsyubynskyi â€” Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (analysis, passport of the work), uk, () is a type of female spirit in Ukrainian folklore and mythology. The Mavka is a long-haired figure, sometimes naked, typically depicted as temptress figures who lure men to their deaths.{{sfnp|Bilodid|1973|p=587|loc=volume 4}}{{sfnp|Kushnir|2014}}{{efn|{{harvp|Kushnir|2014}}, quote: "Mavka is different from other types of female spirits in that her evil is not intentional. At the sight of a young man, she falls into a trance and realizes her actions too late to change anything. Mavka is a very beautiful young maiden with very long hair ..."}}

Terminology

There is variation in the names and spelling, including , {{transl|uk|mavka}},{{sfnp|Hrinchenko|1958|loc=volume 2, article 395}} , {{transl|uk|navka}},{{sfnp|Hrinchenko|1958|loc=volume 2, article 471}} , {{transl|uk|nyavka}}.{{sfnp|Hrinchenko|1958|loc=volume 2, article 573}} However, depending on telling, there are differences between the Mavka and Nyavka. These terms all derive from {{proto|sla|navÑŒ|the dead}}, and are cognate with , {{transl|bg|navi}} (plural).

Folklore

The spirits known by this term represented the souls of girls who had died unnatural, tragic or premature deaths, particularly unchristened babies.{{sfnp|Hrinchenko|1958|loc=volume 2, article 395}} {{transl|uk|Mavka}}s often appear in the form of beautiful young girls who entice and lure young men into the woods, where they "tickle" them to death.{{sfnp|Halaichuk|2016|pp=181â€“183}} {{transl|uk|Mavka}}s have no reflection in water, nor do they cast shadows. In some accounts, they were also said to help farmers by looking after cattle and driving out wild animals. (File:Mavka.jpg|alt=Illustration of a Nyavka|thumb|Illustration of a Nyavka)A subtype of the Mavkas are the Nyavkas, which behave the same except for having "no back", meaning that their spine and some other insides can be seen;{{efn|Those were more often called "Nyavka" and they were believed to live in Western Ukraine, which has more dangerous mountain rivers than Central Ukraine, while Mavkas, who were believed to live in Central Ukraine, had their backs.}} the most defining feature between determining Mavkas and Nyavkas is whether or not the insides are visible from the back.(File:ÐœÐ°Ð²ÐºÐ¸ - Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°Ñ€Ñ‚, Ð›ÑƒÑ†ÑŒÐº 2021.jpg|alt=Eco-sculptures "Awakening of forest Mavkas"|thumb|Eco-sculptures "Awakening of forest mavkas". Made by the creative group of Volyn Professional College of Culture and Arts named after I. F. Stravinsky)Mavkas and Nyavkas were believed to live in groups in forests, mountain caves, or sheds, which they decorated with rugs. They made thread of stolen flax and wove thin transparent cloth for making clothes for themselves. They loved flowers, which they wore in their hair. In the spring, they planted flowers in the mountains, to which they enticed young men, whom they tickled to death. On Pentecost (known as {{transl|uk|Navka}}'s Easter, ),{{sfnp|Hrinchenko|1958|loc=volume 2, article 474}} they held games, dances, and orgies. A demon accompanied them on a flute or pipes. To save an unchristened baby's soul, one must throw up a kerchief during Pentecost holidays, say their name and add "I baptise you". The rescued soul would then go to heaven. If the soul lived up to seven years and did not go to heaven, the baby would turn into a {{transl|uk|mavka}} and haunt the earth.

Popular culture

File:POSTER MAVKA. THE FOREST SONG.png|alt=Movie poster, Mavka: The Forest Song|thumb|Movie poster, (Mavka: The Forest Song) ]]

{{transl|uk|Mavka}}s are depicted in literature, most notably in Lesia Ukrainka's The Forest Song and nyavkas are depicted in Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky's Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors.NEWS, ÐÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÐºÐ°, ÐœÐ°Ñ€Ñ–Ñ‡ÐºÐ°, Ð”Ð¶ÑƒÐ»Ð°Ð¹, Ð”Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾, 2019-06-04, Ð§Ð°Ñ€Ñ–Ð²Ð½Ñ– Ñ–ÑÑ‚Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¸ Ð· Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð½Ñ–Ñ… ÑƒÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ¸Ñ… Ð¼Ñ–Ñ„Ñ–Ð². Ð£ Ñ‰Ð¾ Ð²Ñ–Ñ€Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ñ‰ÑƒÑ€Ð¸, uk, Ð Ð°Ð´Ñ–Ð¾ Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð°,weblink 2023-05-11,
In modern culture the Ukrainian music band, Mavka, is named after the mythological creature.WEB, January 6, 2024, Mavka,weblink January 6, 2024, Discogs,
In 2022, Ukrainian singer Eria released the song "Mavka".{{Citation |title=ERIA - MAVKA (Official Music Video) Eurovision 2022 Ukraine ðŸ‡ºðŸ‡¦ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfkXSHUBCpA |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en}}
The 2023 film (Mavka: The Forest Song), is based on Ukrainian mythology.{{Citation |last1=Malamuzh |first1=Oleh |title=Mavka: Lisova pisnya |date=2023-08-15 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6685538/ |type=Animation, Adventure, Comedy |access-date=2024-01-07 |others=Sarah Natochenny, Mike Pollock, Marc Thompson |publisher=Animagrad Animation Studio, FILM.UA Group, Ukrainian State Film Agency |last2=Ruban |first2=Oleksandra |last3=Yermak |first3=Yevheniy}}NEWS, Ide, Wendy, 2023-07-30, Mavka: The Forest Song review â€“ formulaic Ukrainian animation makes a plea for nature,weblink 2024-01-07, The Observer, en-GB, 0029-7712,

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

BOOK, Buynova, Tatyana Yuryevna,weblink Akvilegia, 2008, 9785901942611, 33980381M, ru, ru:Ð”ÐµÑ‚Ð¸ Ð¡Ð²Ð°Ñ€Ð¾Ð³Ð°: ÐœÐ¸Ñ„Ñ‹ Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð¾Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ½, Children of Svarog: Myths of East Slavs,
ENCYCLOPEDIA, 1973,weblink Bilodid, Ivan Kostyovych, uk, Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 volumes, uk:Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ðº ÑƒÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ¾Ñ— Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸: Ð² 11 Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ…,
BOOK, Halaichuk, V.,weblink ÐšÐ»ÑƒÐ± Ð¡Ñ–Ð¼ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð”Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ñ–Ð»Ð»Ñ, 2016, uk, uk:Ð£ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ° Ð¼Ñ–Ñ„Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ñ–Ñ, Ukrainian Mythology,
ENCYCLOPEDIA, 1958, ÐÐºÐ°Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ñ–Ñ— Ð½Ð°ÑƒÐº Ð£ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ¾Ñ— Ð Ð¡Ð ,weblink Hrinchenko, B., uk, Dictionary of the Ukrainian language / Ref. with addn. own material by B. Hrinchenko: in 4 volumes â€” K., uk:Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ€ÑŒ ÑƒÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ¾Ñ— Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ / Ð£Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€. Ð· Ð´Ð¾Ð´. Ð²Ð»Ð°Ñ. Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ñ–Ð°Ð»Ñƒ Ð‘. Ð“Ñ€Ñ–Ð½Ñ‡ÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾: Ð² 4-Ñ… Ñ‚.,
BOOK, Kushnir, Dmitriy, Creatures of Slavic myth, 2014, 978-1-5056-2802-9, USA, 1003859523,

External links

"Mavka" â€” Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
"Kostroma" â€” Encyclopedia of Mythology {{in lang|ru}}

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Mavka

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Folklore

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Works cited

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