{{short description|Chinese translator, voyager and writer}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}File:Yingya Shenglan (Jilu Huiban), first page.png|thumb|First page of the Yingya Shenglan Yingya ShenglanMa Huan ({{zh|s=é©¬æ¬¢|t=é¦¬æ¡|p=MÇŽ HuÄn}}, Xiao’erjing: ) ({{circa}} 1380â€“1460{{citation|contribution=Ma Huan
last=Forbes editor-last=Bosworth title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam year=1983 books.google.com/books?id=jJY3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA849 > pages=849â€“850}}), courtesy name Zongdao ({{Zh s= p=ZÅngdÃ o}}), pen name Mountain-woodcutter (æœƒç¨½å±±æ¨µ), was a Chinese explorer, translator, and travel writer who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on three of his Treasure voyages . Ma was a Muslim and was born in Zhejiang’s Kuaiji Commandery, an area within the modern borders of Shaoxing. He knew several Classical Chinese and Buddhist texts. He learned Arabic to be able to translate.HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=JJY3AAAAIAAJ&PG=PA849&DQ=HUI+MUSLIMS+CHINESE+NEW+YEAR#Q=HUI%20MUSLIMS%20CHINESE%20NEW%20YEAR AUTHOR=SIR H. A. R. GIBB PUBLISHER=BRILL ARCHIVE PAGE=849, 2011-03-26,
Expeditions and writings
In his fourth expedition in 1413, he visited Champa, Java, Sumatra, Palembang, Siam, Kochi and Hormuz.In the 1421 expedition, he visited Malacca, Aru, Sumatra, Trincomalee, Ceylon, Kochi, Calicut, Zufar and Hormuz.In the 1431 expedition, he visited Bengal, Chittagong, Sonargaon, Gaur and Calicut. From Calicut, he was sent by Eunuch Hong Bao as emissary to Mecca.During his expeditions, Ma Huan took notes on the geography, politics, weather conditions, environment, economy, local customs, and even methods of punishment for criminals. Returning home on his first expedition, he began writing a book on his expedition, the first draft of which was ready around 1416. He expanded and modified his draft during later expeditions, the final version was finalized around 1451. The title of his book was Yingya Shenglan (The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores).During the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty, there were many printed and handcopied editions. The latest authentic text of a printed version was edited and annotated by historian {{ill|Feng Chengjun|zh|é¦®æ‰¿éˆž}}. A newer edition, based on Ming dynasty handcopied editions, was recently published by Ocean Publishing House in China.An annotated English translation by J.V.G. Mills (1887â€“1987) was published by the Hakluyt Society in 1970,Book review by Jung-pang Lo and reprinted in 1997 by The White Lotus Press in Bangkok. Mills’s translation was based on the edition by Feng Cheng jun.The Yingya Shenglan is considered by sinologists worldwide as a primary source for the history of Ming dynasty naval exploration, history of South East Asia and history of India.Some scholars who have done research work on Ma Huan are J.J.L. Duyvendak, F. Hirth, Paul Pelliot, Feng Chengjun, Xiang Da, J.V.G. Mills.
See also

Fei Xin, another participants of Zheng He’s expeditions who wrote a book
The “Mao Kun map” in Wubei Zhi

References
Citations
{{Reflist}}
Sources

Ying-yai Sheng-lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores 1433 by Ma Huan, translated by J.V.G. Mills, with foreword and preface, Hakluyt Society, London 1970; reprinted by the White Lotus Press 1997. {{ISBN|974-8496-78-3}} ({{Google books|DjQ9AAAAIAAJ|restricted online copy|page=}})
Paul Pelliot, Les grands voyages maritimes chinois au dÃ©but du 15Ã¨me siÃ¨cle.
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History. Oxford Reference.

Further reading

Gordon, Stewart. When Asia was the World: Traveling Merchants, Scholars, Warriors, and Monks who created the “Riches of the East” Da Capo Press, Perseus Books, 2008. {{ISBN|0-306-81556-7}}.
BOOK, J. V. G. Mills (tr.), Ma Huan: Ying-yai sheng-lan ‘The overall survey of the ocean’s shores’ (1433), translated from the Chinese text edited by Feng Ch’eng-chÃ¼n, Cambridge University Press, 1970,

{{Chinese travellers}}{{Islamic geography}}{{Authority control}}

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