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Lower Egypt
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{short description|Northernmost region of Egypt}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Name
In Ancient Egyptian, Lower Egypt was known as mḥw which means "north".WEB,weblink TM Places, www.trismegistos.org, 2019-11-16, Later on, during Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Greeks and Romans called it ÎάÏÏ Îá¼´Î³Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï or Aegyptus Inferior both meaning "Lower Egypt", but Copts carried on using the old name related to the north â Tsakhet () or Psanemhit () meaning the "Northern part". It was further divided into a number of regions or nomes () â Niphaiat (, ) in the west, Tiarabia () in the east, Nimeshshoti () in the north-east and Bashmur (Bashmuric ) in the north. Champollion adds another region in the middle of the Delta which he calls Petmour ()BOOK, Champollion, Jean-François, L'Ãgypte sous les pharaons, ou recherches sur la géographie, la religion, la langue, les écritures et l'histoire de l'Ãgypte avant l'invasion de Cambyse, Bure, 1814, Paris, 5, based on mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium, but it is unclear if this is a separate region or just a Greek rendering of the name Bashmur.WEB, Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf: Das alte Aegypten oder Sprache, Geschichte, Religion und Verfassung des alten Aegyptens: nach den altägyptischen Original-Schriften und den Mittheilungen der nichtägyptischen alten Schriftsteller (Band 2) (Leipzig, 1843),weblink 2022-11-29, digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de, After the Muslim conquest, the middle part of the Delta was called al-Rif () which means "countryside, rural area" and which is derived from Ancient Egyptian r:Z1-pr*Z1:niwtr-pr, "temple", because the rural areas were administered by them.WEB, رÙÙ - Wiktionary,weblink 2021-05-28, en.wiktionary.org, en, The eastern part roughly comprising the ancient Tiarabia was called al-Hawf () meaning "edge, fringe".WEB, Adel, Arsanious, Administrative Organization Of Egypt - Coptic Wiki, 23 December 2019,weblink 2021-05-28, en-US,Geography
Today, there are two principal channels that the Nile takes through the river delta: one in the west at Rashid and one in the east at Damietta.The delta region is well watered, crisscrossed by channels and canals.Owing primarily to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, the climate in Lower Egypt is milder than that of Upper Egypt, the southern portion of the country. Temperatures are less extreme and rainfall is more abundant in Lower Egypt.History
It was divided into twenty districts called nomes, the first of which was at el-Lisht. Because Lower Egypt was mostly undeveloped scrubland, filled with all types of plant life such as grasses and herbs, the organization of the nomes underwent several changes.The capital of Lower Egypt was Memphis. Its patron goddess was the goddess Wadjet, depicted as a cobra. Lower Egypt was represented by the Red Crown Deshret, and its symbols were the papyrus and the bee. After unification, the patron deities of both Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt were represented together as the Two Ladies, Wadjet and Nekhbet (depicted as a vulture), to protect all of the ancient Egyptians.By approximately 3600 BC, Neolithic Egyptian societies along the Nile River had based their culture on the raising of crops and the domestication of animals.Carl Roebuck, The World of Ancient Times (Charles Scribner's Sons Publishing: New York, 1966) p. 51. Shortly after 3600 BC, Egyptian society began to grow and advance rapidly toward refined civilization.Carl Roebuck, The World of Ancient Times (Charles Scribner's Sons: New York, 1966) p. 52-53. A new and distinctive pottery, which was related to the pottery in the Southern Levant, appeared during this time. Extensive use of copper became common during this time. The Mesopotamian process of sun-dried bricks, and architectural building principlesâincluding the use of the arch and recessed walls for decorative effectâbecame popular during this time.Concurrent with these cultural advances, a process of unification of the societies and towns of the upper Nile River, or Upper Egypt, occurred. At the same time, the societies of the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt also underwent a unification process. Warfare between Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt occurred often. During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies in the Delta and merged the kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt under his single rule.Carl Roebuck, The World of Ancient Times (Charles Scribner's Sons Publishers: New York, 1966), p. 53.List of kings of the Predynastic Period of Lower Egypt
The Palermo stone, a royal annal written in the mid Fifth Dynasty (c. 2490 BC – c. 2350 BC) records a number of kings reigning over Lower Egypt before Narmer. These are completely unattested outside these inscriptions:{| class="wikitable"List of nomes{| class"wikitable"
! Number !! Egyptian Name !! Capital !! Modern name of capital site !! English Translation !! GodSee also
References
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{{commons category|Lower Egypt}}{{Ancient Egypt topics}}{{Regions of Africa}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Lower Egypt" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 8:39am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Lower Egypt" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 8:39am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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