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{{Short description|Megalithic tombs in Northeast Asia}}{{For|the period of Japanese history|Kofun period}}{{Italic title|reason=(:Category:Japanese words and phrases)}} {{Nihongo|Kofun|古墳|4=from Sino-Japanese "ancient grave"}} are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century CE.岡田裕之「前方後円墳」『日本古代史大辞典』大和書房、2006年。{{ISBN|978-4479840657}}The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds ({{nihongo|3=zempō-kōen fun|2=前方後円墳}}). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.WEB,weblink Mozu-Furuichi Kofungun, Ancient Tumulus Clusters, UNESCO, 18 May 2011, WEB,weblink Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties, UNESCO, 18 May 2011,

Overview

The kofun tumuli have assumed various shapes throughout history. The most common type of kofun is known as a {{nihongo|zenpō-kōen-fun|前方後円墳}}, which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above. There are also circular-type ({{nihongo|{{ill|empun|lt=empun|ja|円墳}}|円墳}}), "two conjoined rectangles" typed ({{nihongo|{{ill|zenpō-kōhō-fun|lt=zenpō-kōhō-fun|ja|前方後方墳}}|前方後方墳}}), and square-type ({{nihongo|{{ill|hōfun|lt=hōfun|ja|方墳}}|方墳}}) kofun. Orientation of kofun is not specified. For example, in the Saki kofun group, all of the circular parts are facing north, but there is no such formation in the Yanagimoto kofun group. Haniwa, terracotta figures, were arrayed above and in the surroundings to delimit and protect the sacred areas.Kofun range from several metres to over 400 m long. The largest, which has been attributed to Emperor Nintoku, is Daisen Kofun in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture.The funeral chamber was located beneath the round part and comprised a group of megaliths. In 1972, the unlooted Takamatsuzuka Tomb was found in Asuka, and some details of the discovery were revealed. Inside the tightly assembled rocks, white lime plasters were pasted, and colored pictures depict the 'Asuka Beauties' of the court as well as constellations. A stone coffin was placed in the chamber, and accessories, swords, and bronze mirrors were laid both inside and outside the coffin. The wall paintings have been designated national treasures and the grave goods as important cultural property, while the tumulus is a special historic site.WEB,weblink Database of National Cultural Properties, Agency for Cultural Affairs, 14 May 2011, WEB,weblink Database of National Cultural Properties, Agency for Cultural Affairs, 14 May 2011,

Locations and number

Kofun burial mounds and their remains have been found all over Japan, including remote islands such as Nishinoshima.島根県遺跡データベース　Archaeological Database of Shimane（Japanese）A total of 161,560 kofun tomb sites have been found as of 2001. Hyōgo Prefecture has the most of all prefectures (16,577 sites), and Chiba Prefecture has the second most (13,112 sites).兵庫県教育委員会 兵庫県の遺跡・遺物数の全国的な位置（pdf file, Japanese）

History

File:IshibutaiWithFigureSmallVersion2.jpg|thumb|The stone chamber of Ishibutai Kofun, said to be the tomb of Soga no Umako, Asuka, Nara PrefectureNara Prefecture(File:Seta_Iseki_(Kashihara),_shuko-bo.JPG|thumb|Circular groove tomb at Seta Ruins (Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture))

Yayoi period

Most of the tombs of chiefs in the Yayoi period were square-shaped mounds surrounded by ditches. The most notable example in the late Yayoi period is Tatetsuki Mound Tomb in Kurashiki, Okayama. The mound is about 45 metres wide and 5 metres high and has a shaft chamber. Broken pieces of Tokushu-kidai, cylindrical earthenware, were excavated around the mound.Another prevalent type of Yayoi period tomb is the Yosumi tosshutsugata funkyūbo, a square mound with protruding corners. These tombs were built in the San'in region, a coastal area off the Sea of Japan. Unearthed articles indicate the existence of alliances between native tribes in the region.

Early Kofun period

File:Hashihaka-kofun zenkei.JPG|thumb|Panoramic view of Hashinaka Kofun in Sakurai, NaraSakurai, NaraOne of the first keyhole-shaped kofun was built in the {{illm|Makimuku ruins|lt=Makimuku|ja|纒向型前方後円墳}} area,WEB,weblink たわらもと2013発掘速報展, Krako-kagi Archaeological Museum, 2013, Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan, 2016-09-01, the southeastern part of the Nara Basin. Hashihaka Kofun, which was built in the middle of the 3rd century AD, is 280 metres long and 30 metres high. Its scale is obviously different from previous Yayoi tombs. During the next three decades, about 10 kofun were built in the area, which are now called as the Makimuku Kofun Group. A wooden coffin was placed on the bottom of a shaft, and the surrounding walls were built up by flat stones. Finally, megalithic stones formed the roof. Bronze mirrors, iron swords, magatama, clay vessels and other artifacts were found in good condition in undisturbed tombs. Some scholars assume the buried person of Hashihaka kofun was the shadowy ancient Queen Himiko of Yamataikoku, mentioned in the Chinese historical texts. According to the books, Japan was called Wa, which was the confederation of numerous small tribes or countries. The construction of gigantic kofun is the result of the relatively centralized governmental structure in the Nara Basin, possibly the origin of the Yamato polity and the Imperial lineage of Japan.

Mid-Kofun period

During the 5th century AD, the construction of keyhole kofun began in Yamato Province; continued in Kawachi, where gigantic kofun, such as Daisen Kofun of the Emperor Nintoku, were built; and then throughout the country. The proliferation of keyhole kofun is generally assumed to be evidence of the Yamato court's expansion in this age. However, some argue that it simply shows the spread of culture based on progress in distribution, and has little to do with a political breakthrough.A few tombs from the mid-Baekje era were excavated around the Yeongsan River basin in South Korea.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} The design of these tombs are notably different. The tombs that were discovered on the Korean peninsula were built between the 5th and 6th centuries CE.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} There remain questions about who were buried in these tombs such as nobility, aristocracy, warriors or mercenaries.File:CG Gosashi Kofun 1 7p.jpg|An example of keyhole-shaped mound in the Early Kofun period which was drawn in 3DCG.(Gosashi Kofun (Nara, Nara), 4th century)File:CG Nakatsuyama kofun Southeast.jpg|An example of keyhole-shaped mound in the Mid-Kofun period which was drawn in 3DCG.({{ill|Nakatsuyama Kofun|ja|仲ツ山古墳}} (Fujiidera, Osaka), 5th century)File:CG Danpusan Kofun 6 7p.jpg|An example of keyhole-shaped mound in the Late Kofun period which was drawn in 3DCG.(Danpusan Kofun (Nagoya), 6th century)

Late Kofun period

Keyhole-shaped kofun disappeared in the late 6th century AD, probably due to the drastic reformation in the Yamato court, where records the introduction of Buddhism during this era.

Types

Round Kofun

(File:Gyoda_Maruhakayama_Tumulus_In_Spring_1.JPG|thumb|A round Kofun){{Ill|Round Kofun|lt=|ja|円墳}} are a kind of KofunWEB, About kofun -Scale and order- {{!, Nonaka Kofun-Project for the Preservation and Utilization of Artifacts from Nonaka Kofun/Osaka University Department of Archaeology |url=https://www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp/kouko/nonaka/en/ancient_tomb_period/ancient_tomb_period01.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp}}{{Clear}}

Square Kofun

(File:Otozuka Kofun Door.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Otozuka Kofun|ja|乙塚古墳}}, A Square Kofun){{ill|Square Kofun|lt=Square Kofun|ja|方墳}} (方墳, hōfun) is a kind of Kofun.WEB, About kofun -Scale and order- {{!, Nonaka Kofun-Project for the Preservation and Utilization of Artifacts from Nonaka Kofun/Osaka University Department of Archaeology |url=https://www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp/kouko/nonaka/en/ancient_tomb_period/ancient_tomb_period01.html |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp}} They are not as common as Zenpokoenfun of Keyhole shaped Kofun.WEB, admin, 2022-10-24, iCLA Students Study Ancient Burial Mound with Dr. Darren Ashmore,weblink 2023-10-23, International College of Liberal Arts (iCLA), en-US, {{clear}}

Scallop Kofun

(File:CG_Otomeyama_Kofun_2_7pbw.jpg|thumb|a scallop Kofun cgi){{ill|Scallop Kofun|lt=Scallop Kofun|ja|帆立貝形古墳}} is a kind of Kofun. It is defined by a circular body with a small part extending. This can make it an interrmediate between a Keyhole-shaped kofun and a {{Ill|Round Kofun|lt=circular-type kofun|ja|円墳}}BOOK, Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group,weblink Chapter 2: Description, 21–163, Famous examples include Hokenoyama Kofun in the Makimuku ruins.WEB, Hokenoyama Kofun - Long Barrow in Japan in Honshū,weblink 2023-11-10, The Megalithic Portal, {{Citation |last=Kidder |first=J. Edward |title=Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology |date=2007-02-28 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780824862848/html |work=Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai |access-date=2023-11-10 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |language=en |doi=10.1515/9780824862848 |isbn=978-0-8248-6284-8}}{{rp|249}} dated to around 250 AD.{{rp|253}} and Nyotaizan Kofun. {{clear}}

Octagonal Kofun

File:220311_Kengoshiduka_1.jpg|thumb|Kengoshizuka Kofun a notable Octagonal Kofun, where Empress KōgyokuEmpress Kōgyoku{{nihongo|{{ill|Octagonal Kofun|lt=Octagonal Kofun|ja|八角墳}}|八角墳|hakkaku-fun}} is a kind of Kofun. They are a very rare kind characteristic of EmperorsMany Japanese Emperors were buried in them including Empress Kōgyoku in Kengoshizuka Kofun., Emperor Tenji in his Mausoleum,WEB,weblink 2023-10-21, and Emperor Jomei in Dannozuka KofunWEB, Hays, Jeffrey, ASUKA, FUJIWARA AND ASUKA-ERA CITIES AND TOMBS {{!, Facts and Details |url=https://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub106/entry-5299.html#chapter-16 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=factsanddetails.com |language=en}}WEB, 2023-10-16, Dan-no-tsuka Kofun [Dannotsuka Kofun 段ノ塚古墳, Jomei Tennō-ryō Jomei Tennnoryo 舒明天皇] Passage Grave : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map,weblinkweblink 2023-10-16, 2023-10-20, From the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th, the tumuli of the monarchs changed from {{ill|Square Kofun|lt=square hōfun tumuli|ja|方墳}} to octagonal {{ill|Octagonal Kofun|lt=hakkaku-fun|ja|八角墳}} tumuli.{{sfn|Niiro|1992|p=160}}

List of Octagonal Kofun

• {{ill|Ise Kofun (Fujioka City)|ja|伊勢塚古墳 (藤岡市)}}
• {{ill|Inari Kofun|ja|稲荷塚古墳}}
• {{ill|Oichi No.1 Kofun|ja|尾市1号墳}}
• Kajiyama Kofun
• Kengoshizuka Kofun
• {{ill|Gobyo Kofun|ja|御廟野古墳}}
• Takei temple ruins
• Dannozuka Kofun
• {{ill|Tsukamyojin Kofun|ja|束明神古墳}}
• {{ill|Nakaoyama Kofun|ja|中尾山古墳}}
• Nakayamasōen Kofun
• {{ill|King Noguchi Kofun|ja|野口王墓}}
• {{ill|Mitsuya Kofun|ja|三津屋古墳}}
• Yoshida Kofun

{{clear}}

Zenpō-kōhō-fun

File:大安場古墳1号墳.JPG|thumb|Ōyasuba Kofun a Zenpō-kōhō-fun]](File:Kofun06.jpg|thumb|general diagram of a zenpō-kōhō-fun){{nihongo|{{ill|zenpō-kōhō-fun|lt=zenpō-kōhō-fun|ja|前方後方墳}}|前方後方墳|4=two conjoined rectangles kofun}} is a kind of Kofun. WEB, About kofun -Scale and order- {{!, Nonaka Kofun-Project for the Preservation and Utilization of Artifacts from Nonaka Kofun/Osaka University Department of Archaeology |url=https://www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp/kouko/nonaka/en/ancient_tomb_period/ancient_tomb_period01.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp}}BOOK, Laporte, Luc,weblink Megaliths of the World, Large, Jean-Marc, Nespoulous, Laurent, Scarre, Chris, Steimer-Herbet, Tara, 2022-08-22, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 978-1-80327-321-1, en, They are shaped somewhat like the more keyhole shaped Zenpokoenfun, but they have a square body rather than a circular one.BOOK, Laporte, Luc,weblink Megaliths of the World, Large, Jean-Marc, Nespoulous, Laurent, Scarre, Chris, Steimer-Herbet, Tara, 2022-08-22, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 978-1-80327-321-1, 722, en, They tend to be smaller than Zenpokoenfun.BOOK, Ikehara-Tsukayama, Hugo C.,weblink Global Perspectives on Landscapes of Warfare, Ruiz, Juan Carlos Vargas, 2022-04-18, University Press of Colorado, 978-1-64642-211-1, en, Yanaida Nunōyama Kofun is one of the largest of the typeBOOK, Isomura, Yukio, (国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia, Sakai, Hideya, 2012, 学生社, 978-4311750403, {{in lang|ja}}.There is a specific style exemplified by Yadani Kofun and Jinyama Tumulus Cluster and Rokuji Kozuka Kofun and Tomisaki Kofungun of Ōzuka-Senbōyama Sites as {{nihongo|yosumi-tosshutsugata|四隅突出形|}}, which is square or rectangular, with protrusions on each of its four corners; however, it is unique in that it is not a true rectangle, but has a narrow waist, similar to a "two conjoined rectangles" type ({{nihongo|{{ill|zenpō-kōhō-fun|lt=zenpō-kōhō-fun|ja|前方後方墳}}|前方後方墳}}). The slope of the mound is covered with fukiishi -like stones, with a row of larger stones marking its edge, and is surrounded by a two-meter wide moat. The yosumi-tosshutsugata style is unique to the late middle Yayoi period and is most prevalent in western Japan in areas influenced by the Izumo culture. {{clear}}

Joenkahofun

File:Musashi-Fuchu_Kumano-jinja_Kofun,_funkyu-1.jpg|thumb|Musashi Fuchū Kumano Jinja KofunMusashi Fuchū Kumano Jinja Kofun{{nihongo|{{ill|Joenkahofun|lt=Joenkahofun|ja|上円下方墳}}|上円下方墳}} is a kind of Kofun..WEB, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,weblink 2023-10-20, www.nabunken.go.jp, WEB, Kofun Culture,weblink 2023-10-20, www.t-net.ne.jp, WEB, Hays, Jeffrey, ASUKA, FUJIWARA AND ASUKA-ERA CITIES AND TOMBS {{!, Facts and Details |url=https://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub106/entry-5299.html |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=factsanddetails.com |language=en}} Such kofun have a round dome top with a square bottom.BOOK, Isomura, Yukio, (国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia, Sakai, Hideya, 2012, 学生社, 978-4311750403, {{in lang|ja}} This is a quite rare type of Kofun in Japan.They are associated with the Asuka Period,Musashi Fuchū Kumano Jinja Kofun in Fuchū in Tokyo, and Miyazuka Kofun are two notable examples.

List of Joenkahofun

• {{ill|Ishino Karato Kofun|ja|石のカラト古墳}}
• {{ill|Sanno-zuka Ancient Tomb|ja|山王塚古墳}}
• {{ill|Shimizu Yanagikita No. 1 Tomb|ja|清水柳北1号墳}}
• {{ill|Tenmondai Kounai Kofun|ja|天文台構内古墳}}
• {{ill|Nochi Kubo Ancient Tomb|ja|野地久保古墳}}
• Miyazuka Kofun
• Musashi FuchÅ« Kumano Jinja Kofun

{{clear}}

Corridor-type kofun

File:Yoshimi Yoshimi-hyakuana from afar.jpg|thumb|Yoshimi Hundred CavesYoshimi Hundred Caves{{nihongo|{{ill|corridor-type kofun|lt=corridor-type kofun|ja|横穴墓}}|横穴式石室|yokoana-shiki sekishitsu}} are a kind of Kofun dug as artificial caves in Ancient Japan.WEB, Sakushima Ancient Tomb Mounds (Kofun) – 西尾観光,weblink 2023-10-23, nishiokanko.com, WEB, Unique burial concepts: Diversity of tomb systems｜Southern Kyushu's Remarkable Kofun Culture｜Kofun as World Cultural Heritage,weblink 2023-10-23, www.miyazaki-archive.jp,weblink{{clear}}

Zenpokoenfun

File:NintokuTomb_Aerial_photograph_2007.jpg|thumb|The Zenpokoenfun where Emperor Nintoku is buried in Mozu tombsMozu tombsZenpokoenfun are a notable type of Japanese ancient tombs (Kofun), which consists of a square front part () and a circular back part ().{{Kotobank|display=前方後円墳}} The part connecting the two is called the middle part (), which looks like a keyhole when viewed from above.WEB, 2019-10-03, What are these keyhole-shaped mounds?,weblinkweblink 2020-11-16, 2020-10-13, BBC, {{clear}}

UNESCO Kofun Group

This list includes the "Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group: Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan",WEB,weblink Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group: Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan, UNESCO, 6 July 2019, which was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 6 July 2019.WEB,weblink Seven cultural sites inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List, UNESCO, 6 July 2019, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"! width="12%" | Name! class="unsortable" width="10%" | Coordinates! width="10%" | Property! width="10%" | Buffer Zone| Aoyama Kofun

34	21	135	02	name=Aoyama Kofun}}	0.51	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Chuai-tenno-ryo Kofun

34	57	135	39	name=Chuai-tenno-ryo Kofun}}	9.34	acre|abbr=on}}	350	acre|abbr=on}}

| Dogameyama Kofun

34	46	135	56	name=Dogameyama Kofun}}	0.06	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Genemonyama Kofun

34	55	135	29	name=Genemonyama Kofun}}	0.09	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Gobyoyama Kofun

34	17	135	27	name=Gobyoyama Kofun}}	5.4	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Hachizuka Kofun

34	05	135	44	name=Hachizuka Kofun}}	0.31	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Hakayama Kofun

34	28	135	16	name=Hakayama Kofun}}	4.34	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Hakuchoryo Kofun

34	04	135	16	name=Hakuchoryo Kofun}}	5.65	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Hanzei-tenno-ryo Kofun

34	34	135	18	name=Hanzei-tenno-ryo Kofun}}	4.06	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Hatazuka Kofun

34	24	135	58	name=Hatazuka Kofun}}	0.38	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Hazamiyama Kofun

34	42	135	08	name=Hazamiyama Kofun}}	1.5	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Higashiumazuka Kofun

34	50	135	44	name=Higashiumazuka Kofun}}	0.03	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Higashiyama Kofun

34	42	135	21	name=Higashiyama Kofun}}	0.41	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Ingyo-tenno-ryo Kofun

34	23	135	00	name=Ingyo-tenno-ryo Kofun}}	6.43	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Itasuke Kofun

34	11	135	09	name=Itasuke Kofun}}	2.42	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Joganjiyama Kofun

34	25	135	07	name=Joganjiyama Kofun}}	0.52	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Komoyamazuka Kofun

34	01	135	03	name=Komoyamazuka Kofun}}	0.08	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Komuroyama Kofun

34	05	135	34	name=Komuroyama Kofun}}	2.92	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Kurizuka Kofun

34	46	135	45	name=Kurizuka Kofun}}	0.11	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Magodayuyama Kofun

34	36	135	06	name=Magodayuyama Kofun}}	0.45	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Maruhoyama Kofun

34	01	135	07	name=Maruhoyama Kofun}}	0.69	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Minegazuka Kofun

34	08	135	50	name=Minegazuka Kofun}}	1.12	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Mukohakayama Kofun

34	26	135	22	name=Mukohakayama Kofun}}	0.33	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nabezuka Kofun

34	18	135	53	name=Nabezuka Kofun}}	0.14	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nagatsuka Kofun

34	28	135	15	name=Nagatsuka Kofun}}	0.51	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nagayama Kofun

34	05	135	12	name=Nagatsuka Kofun}}	0.97	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nakatsuhime-no-mikoto-ryo Kofun

34	12	135	45	name=Nakatsuhime-no-mikoto-ryo Kofun}}	7.23	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nakayamazuka Kofun

34	05	135	49	name=Nakayamazuka Kofun}}	0.24	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nintoku-tenno-ryo Kofun, Chayama Kofun and Daianjiyama Kofun

34	53	135	16	name=Nintoku-tenno-ryo Kofun, Chayama Kofun and Daianjiyama Kofun}}	46.4	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nisanzai Kofun

34	45	135	58	name=Nisanzai Kofun}}	10.53	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nishiumazuka Kofun

34	22	135	24	name=Nishiumazuka Kofun}}	0.07	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Nonaka Kofun

34	32	135	16	name=Nonaka Kofun}}	0.19	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Ojin-tenno-ryo Kofun, Konda-maruyama Kofun and Futatsuzuka Kofun

34	44	135	34	name=Ojin-tenno-ryo Kofun, Konda-maruyama Kofun and Futatsuzuka Kofun}}	28.92	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Osamezuka Kofun

34	32	135	17	name=Osamezuka Kofun}}	0.07	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Otorizuka Kofun

34	01	135	32	name=Otorizuka Kofun}}	0.51	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Richu-tenno-ryo Kofun

34	14	135	39	name=Richu-tenno-ryo Kofun}}	17.3	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Shichikannon Kofun

34	24	135	47	name=Shichikannon Kofun}}	0.09	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Suketayama Kofun

34	05	135	47	name=Suketayama Kofun}}	0.12	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Tatsusayama Kofun

34	40	135	00	name=Tatsusayama Kofun}}	0.34	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Terayama-minamiyama Kofun

34	22	135	48	name=Terayama-minamiyama Kofun}}	0.42	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Tsudo-shiroyama Kofun

34	55	135	37	name=Tsudo-shiroyama Kofun}}	4.74	acre|abbr=on}}	23	acre|abbr=on}}

| Tsukamawari Kofun

34	46	135	26	name=Tsukamawari Kofun}}	0.07	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Yashimazuka Kofun

34	05	135	52	name=Yashimazuka Kofun}}	0.25	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Zenemonyama Kofun

34	10	135	12	name=Zenemonyama Kofun}}	0.1	acre|abbr=on}}|

| Zenizuka Kofun

34	19	135	04	name=Zenizuka Kofun}}	0.3	acre|abbr=on}}|

Aerial photos

Image:Oyamato Yanagimoto kofun group.jpg|Oyamato, Yanagimoto and Makimuku Kofun Group, Nara Prefecture, 3rd centuryImage:Sakitatanamikofungun.jpg|Saki Tatanami Kofun Group and the Heijō-kyō site, Nara Prefecture, 4th centuryImage:Furuichi kofun group.jpg|Furuichi Kofun Group, Osaka Prefecture, 5th century

See also

• William Gowland, a British engineer who made the first survey for Saki kofun group
• Ernest Satow, a British diplomat who wrote about kofun in Kozuke for the Asiatic Society of Japan
• Fukiishi, stones used to cover kofun
• Kofun system
• Zenpokoenfun

• {{Ill|Round Kofun|lt=empun|ja|円墳}}
• {{ill|Square Kofun|lt=square-type kofun|ja|方墳}}
• {{nihongo|{{ill|zenpō-kōhō-fun|lt=zenpō-kōhō-fun|ja|前方後方墳}}|前方後方墳}}
• {{ill|Scallop Kofun|lt=hotategai-gata|ja|帆立貝形古墳}}
• {{ill|Octagonal Kofun|lt=Octagonal Kofun|ja|八角墳}}
• {{nihongo|{{ill|corridor-type kofun|lt=corridor-type kofun|ja|横穴墓}}|横穴式石室|yokoana-shiki sekishitsu}}
• {{ill|Joenkahofun|lt=Joenkahofun|ja|上円下方墳}}

Notes

References

• 飛鳥高松塚 (Takamatsuzuka, Asuka), 橿原考古学研究所編, 明日香村, 1972.
• 前方後円墳 (Keyhole-shaped kofun), 上田宏範, 学生社, 東京, 1969.
• 前方後円墳と古代日朝関係 (Keyhole-shaped kofun and diplomatic relations between ancient Japan and Korea), 朝鮮学会編, 東京, 同成社, 2002.
• BOOK, Niiro, Izumi, V古墳時代 2古墳 a前・中期, Zukai Nihon no jinrui iseki, ja:図解･日本の人類遺跡, Tokyo Diagaku Shuppankai, 1992, 4-13-026200-9

,

External links

{{Commons category|Kofun|lcfirst=yes}}

• Kofun - World History Encyclopedia
• Japanese Archaeology: Kofun Culture
• {{in lang|ja|cap=yes}} weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130816022032weblink">Decorated Kofun Database
• Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties

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