{{Short description|First king of Qin}}{{redirect-distinguish|Hui of Qin|Duke Hui of Qin (disambiguation){{!}}Duke Hui of Qin|Qin Hui (disambiguation){{!}}Qin Hui}}

factoids

name

Tong, Marquis of ShuKing Wu of Qin
King Zhaoxiang of Qin
Yun, Marquis of Shu
Shi, Lord Gaoling
Kui, Lord Jingyang
Queen Yi of Yan{edih}

}}King Huiwen of Qin ({{zh|c=ç§¦æƒ æ–‡çŽ‹}}; 356â€“311 BC), also known as Lord Huiwen of Qin ({{zh|c=ç§¦æƒ æ–‡å›}}) or King Hui of Qin ({{zh|c=ç§¦æƒ çŽ‹}}), given name Si (é§Ÿ), was the ruler of the Qin state from 338 to 311 BC during the Warring States period and likely an ancestor of Qin Shi Huang.WEB,weblink zh:ç§¦æœ¬çºª, Annals of Qin, Records of the Grand Historian, Sima Qian, Sima Qian, zh, guoxue.com, 7 May 2012, Han (2010), 340 He was the first ruler of Qin to style himself "King" (çŽ‹) instead of "Duke" (å…¬).

Biography

Early life

Prince Si was the son of Duke Xiao, and succeeded his father as ruler after the latter's death.weblink" title="https:/-/archive.today/20120709170349weblink">weblink Harvard University reference page for a 2006 class called Moral Reasoning; includes a useful map. When the adolescent Si was still crown prince, he committed a crime and was severely punished for it. The great minister Shang Yang was just then implementing his legalist reforms to the laws of Qin and he insisted that the crown prince should be punished for the crime regardless of his royal status. Duke Xiao approved of the draconian punishment and Si's tutors, Prince Qian (å…¬åè™”), Duke Xiao's older brother, and Gongsun Gu (å…¬å«è³ˆ), for neglecting their duties in educating the crown prince, with Prince Qian having his nose cut off and Gongsun receiving the punishment of qing (é»¥; a form of punishment which involved branding a criminal by tattooing his face), while Ying Si was banished from the royal palace.It was believed that Si harboured a personal grudge against Shang Yang and when he came to the throne as King Huiwen, Si had Shang Yang put to death on charges of treason. However, Huiwen retained the reformed systems in Qin left behind by his father and Shang Yang.

Reign

During Huiwen's reign, Qin became very powerful in terms of its military strength, and constantly invaded neighbouring states as part of its expansionism policy. In 316 BC it conquered the states of Shu and Ba to the south in the Sichuan basin. The strategy here was to annex and colonize the semi-civilized lands to the south rather than confront the more advanced states to the east with their large armies. The strategist Gongsun Yan, a student of Guiguzi, managed to persuade five of the other six major states to form an alliance to deal with Qin. However, Gongsun Yan's fellow student, Zhang Yi, came into the service of Huiwen as his prime minister and he helped Qin break up the alliance by sowing discord among the five states.

Death

King Huiwen ruled Qin for 27 years and died in 311 BC at the age of 46. He was succeeded by his son, King Wu of Qin, born of Queen Huiwen.

Family

Queens:

Queen Huiwen, of Wei (; d. 305 BC), possibly a daughter of King Hui of Wei; married in 334 BC; the mother of Crown Prince Dang
Queen Dowager Xuan, of the Mi clan of Chu (; d. 265 BC), a royal of Chu by birth; the mother of Princes Ji, Shi and Kui

Sons:

Prince Tong (; d. 311 BC), ruled as the Marquis of Shu from 313â€“311 BC
Crown Prince Dang (; 329â€“307 BC), ruled as King Wu of Qin from 310â€“307 BC
Prince Zhuang (; d. 305 BC)
Prince Yong (; d. 305 BC)
Prince Ji (; 325â€“251 BC), ruled as King Zhaoxiang of Qin from 306â€“251 BC
Prince Yun (; d. 301 BC), ruled as the Marquis of Shu from 308â€“301 BC
Prince Shi ()
- Known by his title, Lord Gaoling ()
Prince Kui ()
- Known by his title, Lord Jingyang ()
Prince Yao ()
Prince Chi ()

Daughters:

Queen Yi of Yan ()
- Married King Yi of Yan (d. 321 BC) in 334 BC

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel | align = center| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;| 1 = King Huiwen of Qin (356â€“311 BC)| 2 = Duke Xiao of Qin (381â€“338 BC)

Duke Xian of Qin (424â€“362 BC)>Duke Xian of Qin (424â€“362 BC)| 8 = Duke Ling of Qin (d. 415 BC)| 16 = Viscount Zhao of Qin}}

In fiction and popular culture

Portrayed by Fu Dalong in (The Qin Empire II: Alliance) (2012)
Portrayed by Alex Fong in The Legend of Mi Yue (2015)
Portrayed by Gallen Lo in Song of Phoenix (2017)

References

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