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{{Short description|Mishnah rabbi}}{{Eras of the Halakha}}Judah ben Bathyra or simply Judah Bathyra (also Beseira, ) was an eminent tanna. The Mishnah quotes 17 laws by R. Judah, and the Baraita about 40; he was also a prolific aggadist. He was a member of the Bnei Bathyra family.

Biography

He must have lived before the destruction of the Temple, since he prevented a pagan in Jerusalem from partaking of the Paschal offering. Thereupon he received the message: “Hail to thee, Rabbi Judah ben Bathyra! You live in Nisibis, but your net is spread in Jerusalem”.Pesachim 3b Since R. Judah was not present himself at the Passover in Jerusalem, it may be concluded that he was far advanced in years, although as a citizen of a foreign land he was not bound by the law which demanded the celebration of the Passover at Jerusalem.Tosefot to Pes. l.c. At Nisibis in Mesopotamia he had a famous college, which is expressly recommended together with other famous schools.Sanh. 32b

Personal interactions

• R. Eleazer ben Shammua and R. Johanan the sandal-maker started on a journey to Nisibis in order to study under Judah ben Bathyra, but turned back when they reflected that they were giving preference to an alien country over Israel.Sifre, Deut. 80
• R. Judah b. Bathyra himself undertook a journey to Rome with some colleagues. No sooner had they landed at Puteoli than they returned home weeping.ib.
• R. Judah once arrived at Nisibis just before the beginning of the fast of the Ninth of Ab, and although he had already eaten, he was obliged to partake of a sumptuous banquet at the house of the chief of the synagogue.Lam. R. 3:17, ed. S. Buber; “Exilarch” in other editions is incorrect But, most probably, the story is about another R. Judah ben Bathyra, since R. Hiyya (maybe R. Hiyya the Great) is cited among him in the story.

Ambiguity of identity

Since controversies between him and Rabbi Akiva are frequently mentioned, these being chronologically impossible, the existence of a second R. Judah b. Bathyra must be assumed,Tosefot to Menachot 65b; Seder ha-Dorot, ed. Warsaw, ii. 110 who was probably a grandson of the former, and therefore Akiva’s contemporary. It is possible that there existed even a third R. Judah b. Bathyra, who was a contemporary of R. JosiahSifre, Numbers 123 or of R. Judah I;Chullin 54a; Shabbat 130a; see also Midrash Shmuel 10 he also seems to have lived at Nisibis.Sanhedrin 96a; but the version “R. Judah ben Bathyra” is doubtful; see Rabbinowicz, Dikdukei Soferim, ad loc., note 10It is evident from the cases quoted in the ToseftaTosefta Yebamot 12:11 (compare Yebamot 102a), and Tosefta Ketubot 5:1 (Yerushalmi Ketubot 5 29d; Bavli Ketubot 58a; compare Weiss l.c., 158, and Kiddushin 10b) that R. Judah b. Bathyra (probably the earliest one by that name) did not quite keep pace with the halakhah as it was formulated in Israel, and represented rather the earlier standpoint. This R. Judah is probably also the one who now and again is mentioned simply as “Ben Bathyra”.Compare Tosefta Pesachim 4:8, where R. Judah and R. Joshua dispute with Ben Bathyra. Here again the first and last names, “R. Judah” and “Ben Bathyra,” probably belong together, making one name, so that R. Joshua was the only other person concerned. Compare Zevachim 12a In Mishnah, Pesachim 3:3, the editions have “R. Judah ben Bathyra,” while the Yerushalmi has only “ben Bathyra.” There is one passage, however, where R. Judah b. Bathyra and b. Bathyra are reported as entertaining different opinions;Ta’anit 3a hence Maimonides takes “ben Bathyra” to be identical with R. Joshua ben Bathyra.

See also

• Bnei Bathyra

References

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• {{JewishEncyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2663-bathyra1325|title=BATHYRA|author=Marcus Jastrow |author2=Samuel Krauss}}

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