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{{short description|1982 video game}}{{good article}}

factoids

>EUCOMPUTER AND VIDEO GAMES >DATE=JANUARY 16, 1983 PUBLISHER=EMAP PAGES=30–1 JPWEBSITE=MEDIA ARTS DATABASE AGENCY FOR CULTURAL AFFAIRS >ACCESS-DATE=1 JUNE 2021, }}Action game>Action| modes = Up to 2 players simultaneously| arcade system = }}Joust is an action game developed by Williams Electronics and released in arcades in 1982. While not the first two-player cooperative video game, Joust{{'}}s success and polished implementation popularized the concept. Players assume the role of knights armed with lances and mounted on large birds (an ostrich for Player 1, a stork for Player 2), who must fly around the screen and defeat enemy knights riding buzzards. John Newcomer led the development team: Bill Pfutzenreuter, Janice Woldenberg-Miller ({{nee}} Hendricks), Python Anghelo, Tim Murphy, and John Kotlarik. Newcomer aimed to create a flying game, with cooperative two-player gameplay, while avoiding the overdone space theme.The game was well-received by players and critics, and the mechanics influenced other games. Joust was ported to numerous home systems and was followed by a more complex and less popular arcade sequel in 1986: (Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest).

Gameplay

(File:joustarcadegame.png|thumb|left|alt=A horizontal rectangular video game screenshot that is a digital representation of a fictional lava world. A small yellow character on a blue ostrich flies around an area populated with floating brown platforms and red and grey knights green buzzards. At the bottom center is a large brown platform protruding from a pit of red lava. Within the platform is a set of yellow numbers.|The player controls the yellow knight (top center) attempting to defeat enemy knights. The score is in the bottom platform.)The game may be played by up to two players simultaneously. Controls for each player consist of a two-position joystick and a button. The screen contains several platforms, with the left and right edges wrapping around to each other. Each press of the button flaps the mount's wings; based on the rate at which it is pressed, the knight can ascend or descend at a desired rate or hover in midair. The joystick can be used to steer left and right in midair, or run in a chosen direction if the knight is standing on a platform.MAGAZINE, Electronic Games, Reese Communications, Coin-Op Classroom: Some Knights to Remember, Bill, Heineman, 114–115, 1, 17, July 1983, BOOK, Arcade Fever: The Fan's Guide to The Golden Age of Video Games, John, Sellers, 94–95, Running Press, August 2001, 0-7624-0937-1, Each wave consists of several enemy knights, in three types and armed with lances. When a player's knight and an enemy collide, the one whose lance is at a higher vertical level unseats the other; if the lances are at the same height, the two knights rebound from the collision. Each defeated enemy turns into an egg, which the player can pick up for bonus points. After a short period of time, the egg will hatch into a knight of the next higher difficulty level than the defeated one. If this knight acquires a new mount before the player can pick it up, it returns to the game and must be defeated again. The wave ends when all enemy knights have been defeated and their eggs picked up or destroyed.Later waves introduce further complications and difficulties, such as:

• A chance to earn a bonus for completing a wave without losing any lives
• Destruction of portions of the bottommost platform to expose pools of lava. Any knight or egg that falls in is immediately destroyed.
• The emergence of the Lava Troll, a disembodied hand that can reach up from the lava and try to drag down knights that approach too closely. The player can escape its grip with repeated, rapid flapping.
• Disappearance of some of the midair platforms.
• Waves that begin with eggs scattered all over the screen instead of enemies.
• The appearance of a pterodactyl, which flies randomly around the screen and tries to unseat the players' knights. A precisely timed and aimed lance strike is required to defeat it for bonus points.

In a two-player game, the players may cooperatively complete the waves or attack each other as desired.One life is lost whenever a player's knight is unseated, or falls or is dragged into the lava. A player's game ends when all lives are lost.

Development

Joust was developed by Williams Electronics, with John Newcomer as the lead designer. The development also included programmer Bill Pfutzenreuter, artists Janice Woldenberg-Miller and Python Anghelo, and audio designers Tim Murphy and John Kotlarik.JOURNAL, Bevan, Mike, The Making of Joust,weblink Retro Gamer, Imagine Publishing, 63, 36–41, The game features amplified monaural sound and raster graphics on a 19-inch color CRT monitor.WEB,weblink Joust – Videogame by Williams Electronics, International Arcade Museum, 2010-07-13, Like other Williams arcade games, Joust was programmed in assembly language.BOOK, Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Games Programmers, James Hague, 1997, Eugene Jarvis, Dadgum Games,weblink Halcyon Days (book), A pack of three AA batteries provide power to save the game's settings and high scores when the machine is unplugged from an electrical outlet.BOOK, Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games, David, Ellis, 337–338, Arcade Classics, Random House, 0-375-72038-3, 2004,weblinkweblink BOOK, Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games, David, Ellis, 433–437, Classic Arcade Game Setup, Restoration, and Repair, Random House, 0-375-72038-3, 2004,weblinkweblink Anghelo stenciled the cabinet artwork on a wooden frame, and designed artwork for promotional materials. One such flyer features archaic English, which was also incorporated into the game's onscreen instructions and game-over message.

Conception

Following the success of the 1981 game Defender, Williams searched for new creative staff. John Newcomer, believing video games to be the future of entertainment, left his job as a toy designer to work at Williams, who hired him to create game ideas as support for development staff. After a few days, he generated a list of ideas that included ideas for his top two games, The War of the Worlds and Joust. Technical specifications dictated the selection because his vision of The War of the Worlds was technologically infeasible, whereas Joust could be accomplished with hardware already available at Williams. A development team was formed, which decided to create the game using Defender{{'}}s hardware.VIDEO GAME, Midway Arcade Treasures, Backbone Entertainment, Digital Eclipse, Midway Games, 2003-11-18, PlayStation 2, The Inside Story On Joust, Newcomer was also inspired by the 1980s film Flash Gordon.WEB, Joust: An early, genre-bending video game (video),weblink Nuadox, 2020-05-15, Newcomer conceived Joust as a "flying game" with cooperative two-player gameplay, but he did not wish to emulate the popular space theme of previous successful flying games like Asteroids and Defender. To that end, he made a list of things that could fly: machines, animals, and fictional characters. After evaluating the positive and negative of each idea, Newcomer chose birds for their wide appeal and his familiarity with fantasy and science fiction media featuring birds. To further increase his understanding, Newcomer went to the library to study mythology. He believed that the primary protagonist should ride a majestic bird. The first choice was an eagle, but the lack of graceful land mobility dissuaded him. Instead, he decided that a flying ostrich was more believable than a running eagle. To differentiate between the first and second player characters, the developers picked a stork, believing the proportions were similar to an ostrich while the color difference would avoid confusion among players. Newcomer chose vultures as the main enemies, believing that they would be recognizably evil. Anghelo created concept art of the characters as guidance for further design.

Design

The decision to use birds prompted Newcomer to deviate from the standard eight-direction joystick. He implemented a flapping mechanism to allow players to control the character's ascent and descent. With the vertical direction controlled via the arcade cabinet's button, a two-way joystick was added to dictate horizontal direction. Though other Williams employees were concerned about the design, Newcomer believed that a direct control scheme for flight would strengthen the connection between the player and the character. The combat was devised to allow for higher levels of strategy than traditional shooting games. Because flying became an integral gameplay element, he chose to have characters collide as a means of combat, with victory decided by onscreen elevation.The developers created the game using 96K of ROM chip storage, which limited the data size of individual graphics and sound effects they could use. The ROM size limits also prohibited Newcomer from creating more characters. The graphics are hand-animated pixel art. To animate the birds, Woldenberg-Miller used Eadweard Muybridge's book Animals In Motion as a reference. Given the limited memory, she had to balance the number of frames (to minimize file size) while maintaining realistic animation. Woldenberg-Miller chose gray for the buzzards, but changed it to green to optimize the color palette as the developers had only 16 colors to create the entire display. Once the colors were decided for the character sprites, Newcomer finalized the look of the platforms. The hardware had limited audio capabilities, and sounds typically require larger amounts of memory than graphics. Working with these restrictions, Newcomer instructed Murphy and Kotlarik to focus on select sounds he deemed important to reinforcing gameplay. He reasoned that the audio would serve as conspicuous hints that players could use to adjust their strategy. Newcomer prioritized the crucial wing-flap sound above others related to the pterodactyl, collisions, and hatching eggs.In designing the levels, Newcomer added platforms to the environment after the combat was devised. A static game world was chosen, instead of a scrolling world, to focus on detailed visual textures applied to the platforms; the hardware could not easily display the textures while scrolling, and the team believed that displaying the whole environment would aid players. The final game world element designed was a lava pit and a hand reaching out of it to destroy characters too close to the bottom of the screen. Newcomer placed the platforms to optimize Pfutzenreuter's enemy artificial intelligence (AI), which was programmed for attack patterns based partly on platform placements. The knight enemies were designed to exhibit progressively more aggressive behavior. Bounders flew around the environment randomly, occasionally reacting to the protagonist. Hunters sought the player's character in an effort to collide. Shadow Lords flew quickly and closer to the top of the screen; Pfutzenreuter designed them to fly higher when close to the protagonist to increase the Shadow Lord's chances of victory against the player. The pterodactyl was designed to prevent players from idling, and to be difficult to defeat as it was vulnerable only in its open mouth during a specific animation frame and it quickly flies upward at the last moment when approaching a player waiting at the edge of a platform.VIDEO GAME, Midway Arcade Treasures, Backbone Entertainment, Digital Eclipse, Midway Games, 2003-11-18, PlayStation 2, Joust Interview Clip #3, The game prioritizes its graphics processing to favor the player characters over the enemies, so enemies begin to react more slowly when the number of on-screen sprites increases.WEB,weblink Back To The Classics: Perfecting The Emulation For Digital Eclipse's Atari Anthology, Jeff, Vavasour, 2005-01-13, Gamasutra, 2010-10-29, While playtesting the game, the team discovered an animation bug they described as a "belly flop".VIDEO GAME, Midway Arcade Treasures, Backbone Entertainment, Digital Eclipse, Midway Games, 2003-11-18, PlayStation 2, Joust Interview Clip #2, The flaw allowed players to force the ostrich or stork sprite through an otherwise impassable small gap between two adjacent platforms of very close elevation. Because it provided an interesting method to perform a sneak attack on an opponent below the gap, and because of limited time available, the developers decided to keep the defect as an undocumented feature rather than fix it.A second bug, which allows the pterodactyl to be easily defeated, was discovered after the game was first distributed. Newcomer had always designed the game and its AI with each sprite's dimension in mind, but the pterodactyl's sprite had been altered to improve the appearance one day before the game was finished. The new sprite allowed the pterodactyl to be easily defeated an unending number of times. The player could sit on the center ledge, with a single enemy knight caught indefinitely in the hand of the Lava Troll, and kill an unlimited number of pterodactyls simply by turning to face them as they entered the screen. Using this flaw, the player could quickly accumulate a very high score, and a large cache of lives, with no significant skill required. Upon learning of the flaw, Williams shipped a new ROM for the arcade cabinets to assuage distributors' complaints.

Ports

(File:Joust Atari 2600.jpg|thumb|left|Atari 2600 version screenshot)File:Cineteca Bologna, Biblioteca Renzo Renzi - Atari 2600 (1986).jpg|thumb|left|Atari 2600 (1986 model) with joystick and a copy of Joust. Renzo Renzi Library, Cineteca di BolognaCineteca di BolognaAtari, Inc. published Joust for its own systems and under the Atarisoft label for others: Atari 2600, Atari 5200,WEB, Atari 5200 Joust Manual,weblink archive.org, 1983, Atari 7800,WEB, Atari 7800 Joust Manual,weblink archive.org, 1987, Atari 8-bit computers, Apple II, and Mac. A port for IBM PC compatibles was completed, but was never published by Atarisoft.Joust was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System—programmed by Satoru Iwata.WEB, John, Andersen, Gamasutra, UBM plc, October 9, 2015, October 11, 2015, A former mentor recalls the early career of Satoru Iwata,weblink October 11, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151011183727weblink">weblink dead, A port of Joust to the BBC Micro was done by Stuart Cheshire under the pseudonym "Delos D. Harriman" (which he also used for his networked tank game, BoloMAGAZINE,weblink Armoured Arc, Acorn User, Lawrence, David, May 1988, 21 October 2021, 135, ), but since Atarisoft had reportedly ceased releasing titles for other systems, the work remained largely unavailable and was subsequently acquired by Aardvark Software, publisher of Frak and Zalaga, whereupon it received its first review.MAGAZINE,weblink Game of the Month! Joust, A&B Computing, Reeder, Dave, October 1986, 21 October 2021, 21, The game nevertheless remained unavailable for over a year before eventually being released as Skirmish by Godax for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron.MAGAZINE,weblink Skirmish ... battling buzzards, Micro User, March 1988, 21 October 2021, Hac-Man, 31, MAGAZINE,weblink Battling buzzards, Electron User, May 1988, 21 October 2021, Reed, Martin, 16, MAGAZINE,weblink Bolo, Acorn User, May 1988, 21 October 2021, 159,

Reception

Given the peculiar control scheme, Williams was concerned that the game would be unsuccessful, and arcades were hesitant to purchase the game. Williams eventually shipped 26,000 units, and Electronic Games in 1983 described it as "tremendously popular".NEWS,weblink The Players Guide to Fantasy Games, Electronic Games, June 1983, 6 January 2015, 47, In the United States, it topped the Play Meter arcade charts in January 1983,MAGAZINE, The Top 10 Video Games In the Arcades: January 15, 1983, Video Games, March 1983, 1, 6, 82,weblink and the RePlay upright arcade cabinet charts from JanuaryMAGAZINE, RePlay: The Players' Choice, RePlay, January 1983, to February 1983.MAGAZINE, RePlay: The Players' Choice, RePlay, February 1983, It was among the thirteen highest-grossing arcade games of 1983 in the United States.MAGAZINE, AMOA Votes On Annual Game Awards, Cash Box, October 29, 1983, 60,weblink A cocktail table version was later released, engineered by Leo Ludzia. It is unique among cocktail games with its side-by-side seating rather than opposing sides, allowing Williams to reuse the same ROM chip from the upright cabinets. With substantially fewer units manufactured than the upright arcade machine, the cocktail version is a rare collector's item.BOOK, Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games, David, Ellis, 385, Arcade Classics, Random House, 0-375-72038-3, 2004,weblinkweblink French magazine Tilt rated the arcade game four out of six stars in 1983.MAGAZINE, Service Compris Arcade: Les Seuers Froides, Tilt (French magazine), Tilt, May 16, 1983, 5, 72–3, fr,weblink Computer and Video Games rated the Atari VCS version 83% in 1989.JOURNAL, Complete Games Guide, Computer and Video Games, 16 October 1989, Complete Guide to Consoles, 46–77,weblink

Retrospective

In 1995, Flux magazine ranked the arcade version 26th on their "Top 100 Video Games" list.JOURNAL, April 1995, Top 100 Video Games,weblink Flux, Harris Publications, 4, 28, In 1996, Next Generation listed the arcade version as number 83 on its "Top 100 Games of All Time", saying that it had original concepts, quirky designs, and playability.MAGAZINE, Top 100 Games of All Time, Next Generation (magazine), Next Generation, 21, Imagine Media, September 1996, 43, Video game historian Steve Kent considered Joust one of the more memorable games of its time.BOOK, Ultimate History of Video Games, Steven, Kent, Steven L. Kent, 177, The Golden Age (Part 2: 1981–1983), Three Rivers Press, 0-7615-3643-4, 2001, Author David Ellis agreed, and stated that the game remains enjoyable to this day. In 2008, Guinness World Records listed it as the number sixty-nine arcade game in technical, creative, and cultural impact.BOOK, Craig Glenday, Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008, Guinness World Records, 2008-03-11, Guinness, 978-1-904994-21-3, 231, Top 100 Arcade Games: Top 100–51,weblinkweblink A writer for Video Gaming Illustrated called Joust exotic with lifelike animation.JOURNAL, Video Gaming Illustrated, Ion International, Eye On: Tilting at Videogames, Video Gaming Illustrated Staff, 61, 3, December 1982, In 2015, Hardcore Gamer listed the game on their 200 Best Video Games of All Time.WEB, HG101 Presents: The 200 Best Video Games of All Time – Hardcore Gaming 101,weblink 2023-07-07, en-US, Antic called the Atari 8-bit version a "unique, addictive arcade game" that was "almost identical" to the original. The magazine concluded that Joust was "Atari's finest since Star Raiders".MAGAZINE, Duberman, David, March 1984, Product Reviews,weblink Antic, Kevin Bowen of GameSpy's Classic Gaming wrote that Joust has an "incredibly stupid" concept but is an appealing game with good controls and competitive gameplay. He said it is "one of the first really fun multiplayer games", differentiated from other contemporary multiplayer games, and a precursor to the video game deathmatch.WEB,weblink Game of The Week: Joust, Kevin, Bowen, Classic Gaming, 2010-07-14, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090821104444weblink">weblink 2009-08-21, Retro Gamer writer Mike Bevan called the game's physics "beautifully" realized, and described Joust as one of the "most remarkable and well-loved titles" of the Williams library. A Computer and Video Games writer called the game "weird and wonderful".JOURNAL, Computer and Video Games, EMAP, February 1983, Arcade Action, 30, Author John Sellers praised the competitive two-player gameplay, and attributed the game's appeal to the flapping mechanism. In 2004, Ellis described Joust as an example of innovative risk absent in the then-current video game industry.In retrospect, Newcomer commended Williams's management for taking a risk on him and the game. The game has garnered praise from industry professionals as well. Jeff Peters of GearWorks Games lauded the gameplay, describing it as unique and intuitive. Jeff Johannigman of Fusion Learning Systems praised the flapping mechanism and Kim Pallister of Microsoft enjoyed the multi-player aspect.WEB,weblink Question of the Week Responses: Coin-Op Favorites?, Quang, Hong, Gamasutra, 2005-08-05, 2009-05-12,

Legacy

A Joust-themed pinball table was released in 1983, designed by Barry Oursler and Constantino Mitchell. The game includes artwork and themes from the arcade version. In addition to single player gameplay, it features competitive two-player gameplay with the players on opposing sides of the machine. Fewer than 500 machines were produced.An arcade sequel, (Joust 2: Survival of the Fittest), was released in 1986. It has similar gameplay with new elements on a vertical screen.VIDEO GAME, Midway Arcade Treasures, Backbone Entertainment, Digital Eclipse, Midway Games, 2003-11-18, PlayStation 2, The Inside Story On Joust 2, In 2004, Midway GamesWilliams Electronics purchased Midway in 1988, and later transferred its games to the Midway Games subsidiary. also launched a website featuring the browser-based Shockwave versions.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20130102235547weblink">weblink dead, 2013-01-02, Midway Arcade Treasures Web site goes live, Chris, Kohler, GameSpot, 2004-09-24, The game is in several multi-platform compilations: the 1996 Williams Arcade's Greatest Hits, the 2000 Midway's Greatest Arcade Hits, and the 2003 Midway Arcade Treasures.WEB,weblink Williams Arcade's Greatest Hits - Overview - allgame, Allgame, Brett Alan, Weiss, 2010-07-10, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090701003623weblink">weblink 2009-07-01, WEB,weblink All Game Staff, Midway's Greatest Arcade Hits: Vol. 1 - Overview - allgame, Allgame, 2010-07-10, 2009-07-01,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090701003624weblink">weblink dead, WEB,weblink Midway Arcade Treasures, Craig, Harris, 2003-08-11, IGN, 2010-07-10, Other compilations are the 1995 Arcade Classic 4 for the Game Boy and the 2005 (Midway Arcade Treasures: Extended Play) for the PlayStation Portable.WEB,weblink Arcade Classic 4 Defender / Joust, GameSpot, 2010-07-10, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070607140115weblink">weblink June 7, 2007, WEB,weblink Midway Arcade Treasures: Extended Play, IGN, Craig, Harris, 2006-02-13, 2010-07-10, Joust was released via digital distribution on GameTap, Xbox Live Arcade, and the PlayStation Network.MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20120905043352weblink">weblink dead, 2012-09-05, Why GameTap is Going Free, Edge Staff, Edge (magazine), Edge, 2007-05-01, 2010-10-29, In 2012, Joust was included in the compilation Midway Arcade Origins.WEB,weblink Midway Arcade Origins Review, IGN, 14 November 2012, Other remakes were in development, but never released. Previously unreleased Atarisoft prototypes of Joust for the ColecoVision surfaced in 2001 at the Classic Gaming Expo in Las Vegas.BOOK, Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games, David, Ellis, 146–148, ColecoVision, Random House, 0-375-72038-3, 2004,weblinkweblink An adaptation with three-dimensional (3D) graphics (and a port of the original Joust as a bonusMAGAZINE, Joust, Electronic Gaming Monthly, 57, Sendai Publishing, April 1994, 139, ) was in development for the Atari Jaguar. Titled Dactyl Joust, it was eventually canceled.WEB,weblink Jaguar Dactyl Joust Video Released, 2003-10-08, GameSpy, 2010-11-01, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120309151306weblink">weblink 2012-03-09, A 3D reimagining of the game was announced for the Nintendo 64, going by the tentative titles of Joust 3D, Joust X, and Joust 64WEB, Joust 64 - IGN.com,weblink IGN, 7 May 2018, en, WEB,weblink The Hottest, Latest Release Dates, April 1998, Because the arenas are in 3D, it would have used split screen for the multiplayer battles.MAGAZINE, Gaming Gossip, Electronic Gaming Monthly, 90, Ziff Davis, January 1997, 34, However, the game was cancelled prior to release. Newcomer pitched an updated version of the arcade game for the Game Boy Advance to Midway Games, which declined. The prototype uses multi-directional scrolling, more detailed graphics based on 3D renders, and new gameplay mechanics.Tiger Electronics released a keychain version of Joust in 1998.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20120708051907weblink">weblink dead, 2012-07-08, Joust (keychain), GameSpy, GameSpy Staff, 2010-10-29, A mobile phone version was released in 2005, but omitted the flapping control scheme.WEB,weblink Joust Review, Justin, Leeper, 2005-03-16, GameSpy, 2010-10-29, It is also an included title on the Midway Legacy Edition Arcade1Up cabinet.

Influenced games

Several games by other developers either copy or build upon Joust{{'}}s design. The 1983 Jetpac and Mario Bros., and the 1984 Balloon Fight, have elements inspired by it.MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20120905045905weblink">weblink dead, 2012-09-05, The Best 50 Games of The 1980s, Edge Staff, Edge (magazine), Edge, 2008-03-23, 2010-10-29, BOOK, Fox, Matt, The Video Games Guide, Boxtree Ltd, 2006, 0-7522-2625-8, 261–262, WEB,weblink Balloon Fight Review, IGN, Lucas, Thomas, 2007-07-20, 2010-07-10,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090103170113weblink">weblink 2009-01-03, dead, WEB,weblink Nintendo Famicom: 20 Years of Fun!, GameSpy, Benjamin, Turner, Christian, Nutt, July 2003, 2010-07-10, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090520015550weblink">weblink May 20, 2009, The flying mechanics in the 2000 game Messiah were inspired by Joust.MAGAZINE, NG Alphas: Messiah, Next Generation (magazine), Next Generation, 33, Imagine Media, September 1997, 57,weblink The arcade game Killer Queen was heavily inspired by Joust, and mixes elements of it with RTS and MOBA games.WEB, Eric.Blattberg, 2013-08-29, Killer Queen: Half Joust, half StarCraft and one giant snail,weblink 2020-12-29, Polygon, en,

Popular culture

Midway Games optioned Joust{{'}}s movie rights to CP Productions in 2007.WEB,weblink Joust: The Movie, IGN, IGN Staff, 2007-09-04, 2010-10-29, MAGAZINE,weblink 'Joust' Clicks with CP: Cerenzie-Peters Banner Gets First Project, 2008-09-01, Variety (magazine), Variety, 2007-09-03, Fritz, Ben, McNary, Dave, Michael Cerenzie of CP Productions described the script by Marc Gottlieb as "Gladiator meets Mad Max", set 25 years in the future.WEB,weblink New Hollywood Company Bringing Joust to the Big Screen, 2007-08-27, John, Gaudiosi, GameDaily, 2010-10-29, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110104083945weblink">weblink January 4, 2011, The June 2008 release date was pushed back to 2009,MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20120912133634weblink">weblink dead, 2012-09-12, Feature: Reel Gaming, Edge Staff, Edge (magazine), Edge, 2008-03-08, 2010-10-29, then Midway filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009.WEB,weblink Midway Files Chapter 11, IGN, 2009-02-12, 2010-10-29, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment purchased most of Midway's assets, including Joust, with the intent to develop film adaptations.MAGAZINE,weblink Warner To Revive DOA Midway Titles?, Meagan, VanBurkleo, Game Informer, 2010-05-12, 2010-10-29,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100730225345weblink">weblink 2010-07-30, dead, MAGAZINE,weblink Warner Bros. to make 'Spy Hunter' film, Dave, McNary, 2010-03-22, Variety (magazine), Variety, 2010-10-29, Joust is referenced in the Robot Chicken episode "Celebutard Mountain",EPISODE, Celebutard Mountain, List of Robot Chicken episodes#Season 3: 2007-2008, Robot Chicken, Robot Chicken, Seth Green, Adult Swim, 2007-10-07, 49, the Code Monkeys episode "Just One of the Gamers",EPISODE, Just One of the Gamers, List of Code Monkeys episodes#Season 1 (July 2007 - October 2007), Code Monkeys, Code Monkeys, Adam de la Peña, G4 (U.S. TV channel), G4, 2007-08-01, 5, and the video games Mortal Kombat 3 (Shang Tsung turns into the character from Joust as his friendship)WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110615062733weblink">weblink dead, 2011-06-15, Top 11 Mortal Kombat Fatalities Pics, UGO staff, 2008-09-01, UGO Networks, UGO, and (World of Warcraft: Cataclysm).WEB,weblink World of Warcraft Cataclysm - Review, 2010-12-10, Darren, Newnham, Yahoo! Games, 2010-12-13, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101213192055weblink">weblink December 13, 2010, In the book Ready Player One, Wade Watts defeats an NPC in 2-player Joust.

Notes

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Internet Archive game|arcade_joust|Joust}}