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{{Short description|Chinese philologist, geographer, and scholar-official}}{{family name hatnote|Gu|lang=Chinese}}

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1682157df=y}}|parents=Gu Tongying (father)Lady He (mother)|spouse=Lady Zhu|other_names=Gu Zhongqing 顧忠清Gu Ningren 顧寧人Lord Tinglin 亭林先生 |birth_name=Gu Jiang 顧绛 Gu Zhangzhi)Nephew: Xu Qianxue, (:zh:徐秉義Xu Yuanwen)|occupation=Student of the Guozijian (1643)|known_for=One of the Five Great Qing scholars (Huang Zongxi, Fang Yizhi, Wang Fuzhi, Zhu Zhiyu)| module =

factoids

| j = Gu3 Jim4-mou5| y = Gu Yìhm-móuhg3j4m5}}| tl = Kòo Iām-bú}}}}Gu Yanwu ({{zh|t=顧炎武}}) (July 15, 1613 – February 15, 1682), also known as Gu Tinglin ({{zh|t=顧亭林}}), was a Chinese philologist, geographer, and famous scholar-official in Qing dynasty. He spent his youth during the Manchu conquest of China in anti-Manchu activities after the Ming dynasty had been overthrown. He never served the Qing dynasty. Instead, he traveled throughout the country and devoted himself to studies.

Biography

(File:Statue of Gu Yanwu in Tinglin Park, Kunshan.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Statue of Gu Yanwu in Tinglin Park, Kunshan)Gu, a native of Jiangsu, was born as Gu Jiang ({{zh|t=顧絳|s=顾绛|p=Gù Jiàng}}). Gu began his schooling at the age of 14. In the spring of 1645, Gu was recommended to be the position of Bingbu Siwu in the royal court at Nanjing. There he proposed many ideas. Unsatisfied with the royal court's organization, Gu resigned and returned to his hometown. In 1655, local officials laid charges against him and threw him into prison. He was released from prison with the help of a friend.Inspired by Chen Di, who had demonstrated that the Old Chinese has its own phonological system, Gu divided the words of Old Chinese into 10 rhyme groups, the first one to do so. His positivist approach to a variety of disciplines, and his criticism of Neo-Confucianism had a huge influence on later scholars. His works include Yinxue Wushu (), Ri Zhi Lu () and Zhao Yu Zhi ().Along with Wang Fuzhi and Huang Zongxi, Gu was named as one of the most outstanding Confucian scholars of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.WEB,weblink zh:顾炎武, Gu Yanwu, Guoxue, Beijing Culture Communication Company [北京国学时代文化传播], 2011-10-10, zh, In 1682, while returning from a friend's home to Huaying, Gu fell from horseback and died the next day.WEB,weblink zh:顾炎武：天下兴亡，匹夫有责_网易新闻中心, Gu Yanwu: the rise and fall of every man's duty, 163, 2006-12-29, 2011-10-10, zh,

Aphorism

"Everybody is responsible for the fate of the world" ({{zh|t=天下興亡，匹夫有責|p=tiān xià xīng wáng, pǐ fū yǒu zé}})Alternatively, The rise and fall of the nation concerns everyone; or Everyone bears responsibility for the prosperity of society.

Legacy

Gu is commemorated by Tinglin ParkWEB,weblink zh:历史悠久的亭林公园, Historic Tinglin Park, 2010-10-10, News Kunshan, China Telecom, zh, 2011-10-26,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120425092611weblink">weblink 2012-04-25, dead, and the Gu Yanwu Museum in Tinglin Park of Kunshan. In 2005, the Central Propaganda Department of China named the Gu Yanwu Museum located at Gu's former residence in Qiandeng town as a "national patriotism education base".WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141022233907weblink">weblink dead, October 22, 2014, Xinhuanet, Xinhua, 江苏省爱国主义教育示范基地, Patriotism education bases in Jiangsu Province, 2004-10-14,

Former residence of Gu Yanwu

The former residence of Gu Yanwu is located in Qiandeng town of Kunshan, a Ming dynasty complex with main hall, living quarter, a studyand a garden. Gu Yanwu's grave is located in a quiet corner of the garden.File:千灯镇顾炎武故居.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Former residence of Gu Yanwu in Qiandeng town of KunshanKunshan(File:顾炎武之墓.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Grave of Gu Yanwu)

See also

• History of Chinese archaeology

References

{{reflist}}

• BOOK, 何九盈 [He Jiuying], 1995, zh:中囯古代语言学史, A history of ancient Chinese linguistics, Guangzhou, Guangdong jiaoyu chubanshe, zh,

Further reading

• JOURNAL, 10.2307/2718597, 0073-0548, 28, 114–156, Peterson, Willard J., The Life of Ku Yen-wu (1613-1682), Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 1968, 2718597,
• JOURNAL, 10.2307/2718835, 0073-0548, 29, 201–247, Peterson, Willard J., The Life of Ku Yen-wu (1613-1682), Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 1969, 2718835,
• WEB, Johnston, Ian, Gu Yanwu: Translations of Letters, Poems and Essays, Cordite Poetry Review, 2015-01-31, 2017-03-31,weblink
• BOOK, University of Hawaii Press, Ng, On Cho, Wang, Q. Edward, Mirroring the Past: The Writing and Use of History in Imperial China, Honolulu, 2005, 229–231, {{ISBN|978-0-8248-2913-1}}
• ECCP, Ku Yen-wu,

External links

{{commons category}}

• {{Gutenberg author | id=31194| name=Yanwu Gu}}
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Yanwu Gu}}

{{Ming Dynasty scholars}}{{Chinese philosophy}}{{Authority control}}