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{{Short description|Body of sovereignty of the Portuguese Republic}}

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}}{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}{{Politics of Portugal}}The Government of Portugal, also referred to as the Government of the Portuguese Republic, the Portuguese Government or simply the Government, is one of the four {{ill|Sovereignty body (Portugal)|lt=sovereignty bodies|pt|Órgão de soberania (Portugal)}} of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. It is both the body of sovereignty that conducts the general politics of the country and the superior body of the Portuguese public administration.WEB,weblink Órgãos de soberania, Diário da República, 14 April 2024, The term "constitutional government" or simply "government" also refers to the team of ministers and its period of management under one prime minister. This concept is similar to an "administration" in the parlance of a presidential republic or to a "collective ministry" in the parlance of some Commonwealth countries. Each government in this sense is identified by a roman number, with the present one (formed in April 2024) being the XXIV Constitutional Government of Portugal since the establishment of the current democratic regime, in 1976.WEB,weblink Diário da República n.º 65/2024, Suplemento, Série I de 2024-04-02, Diário da República, 2 April 2024, 14 April 2024,

Composition

The Government comprises the prime minister, ministers and secretaries of state (junior ministers). Governments may also include one or more deputy prime ministers and deputy secretaries of state.WEB,weblink Primeiro-Ministro, Diário da República, 14 April 2024, Each minister usually heads a ministry and has assigned to him or her one or more secretaries of state, while certain governments may also assign one or more deputy ministers, as well.WEB,weblink Governo, Diário da República, 14 April 2024,

Formation

After the elections for the Assembly of the Republic or the resignation of the previous government, the president listens to the parties in the Assembly of the Republic and invites someone to form a government.The prime minister chooses members of the council of ministers. Then the president swears in the prime minister and the Government.

Functions

The Government has political, legislative and administrative functions. These include, among other things, the power to negotiate with other countries or international organizations, to submit bills to the Assembly of the Republic, to issue decrees and to take administrative choices.The Government guides its actions by the governmental program and implements it in the state budget that is submitted to the Assembly of the Republic each year, in the laws that it proposes, in the decrees that it issues in the Portuguese Council of Ministers, and in individual decisions made by its members.There are no guarantees that the government will stick to its government program, but if it fails to do so, its actions will be judged by the citizens in forthcoming elections.The Government may also be questioned by the other three sovereignty organs: the president of the republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. The president may veto governmental decrees and a government bill may fail to pass in the Assembly of the Republic, where a motion of no confidence may be approved.

The Council of Ministers

The Council of Ministers is a collegial executive body within the Government of Portugal. It is usually presided over by the prime minister, but the president of the republic can preside over it at the prime minister's request. Besides the prime minister, the vice prime ministers and all ministers are members of the Council of Ministers. When the prime minister finds it fit, certain secretaries of state can also attend its meetings, but without being able to vote.WEB,weblink Conselho de Ministros, Diário da República, 14 April 2024,

List of governments (since 1976) {| class"wikitable"

weblink 2020-07-25, portugal.gov.pt, pt, !Start!End!colspan=2|Prime minister!Parties inGovernment!Notes and main political eventsI Constitutional Government of Portugal>I|1976-07-23 |1978-01-23Mário SoaresSocialist Party (Portugal)>PS1976 Portuguese legislative election>1976 election (34.9%), {{smallminority government, 1976 Portuguese legislative election#Fall of the government>motion of no confidence}}II Constitutional Government of Portugal>II |1978-01-23|1978-08-29CDS – People's Party>CDSCoalition government, President of Portugal António Ramalho Eanes>Ramalho Eanes dismisses the government}}III Constitutional Government of Portugal>III |1978-08-29|1978-11-22Alfredo Nobre da CostaIndependentNobre da Costa is appointed by President Ramalho Eanes to form government, government resigned}}IV Constitutional Government of Portugal>IV|1978-11-22|1979-07-07Carlos Mota PintoMota Pinto is appointed by President Ramalho Eanes to form government, prime-minister resigns}}V Constitutional Government of Portugal>V|1979-08-01|1980-01-03Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo>Maria de Lurdes PintasilgoLurdes Pintasilgo is appointed by President Ramalho Eanes to form a caretaker government}}VI Constitutional Government of Portugal>VI|1980-01-03|1981-01-09Francisco Sá Carneiro,Diogo Freitas do Amaral{{efn>name=Freitas do Amaral}}Democratic Alliance (Portugal, 1979) (Social Democratic Party (Portugal)>PSD + CDS + PPM)1979 Portuguese legislative election>1979 election (45.3%)1980 Portuguese legislative election (47.6%), {{small>Sá Carneiro's death, Diogo Freitas do Amaral (CDS) as interim prime-minister}}VII Constitutional Government of Portugal>VII|1981-01-09|1981-09-04Francisco Pinto BalsemãoPinto Balsemão is chosen by his party (PSD) to replace Sá Carneiro, prime-minister resigned}}VIII Constitutional Government of Portugal>VIII|1981-09-04|1983-07-09Pinto Balsemão is chosen by his party to become prime-minister again, prime-minister resigned}}IX Constitutional Government of Portugal>IX|1983-07-09|1985-11-061983 Portuguese legislative election>1983 election (36.1% + 27.2%), {{small|coalition government (Central Bloc)}}X Constitutional Government of Portugal>X|1985-11-06|1987-08-17Aníbal Cavaco SilvaPSD1985 Portuguese legislative election>1985 election (29.9%), {{small1985 Portuguese legislative election#Fall of the government>motion of no confidence}}XI Constitutional Government of Portugal>XI|1987-08-17|1991-10-311987 Portuguese legislative election>1987 election (50.2%)XII Constitutional Government of Portugal>XII|1991-10-31|1995-10-251991 Portuguese legislative election>1991 election (50.6%)XIII Constitutional Government of Portugal>XIII|1995-10-28|1999-10-25António GuterresPS1995 Portuguese legislative election>1995 election (43.8%), {{small|minority government}}XIV Constitutional Government of Portugal>XIV|1999-10-25|2002-04-061999 Portuguese legislative election>1999 election (44.1%), {{small|minority government, prime-minister resigned}}XV Constitutional Government of Portugal>XV|2002-04-06|2004-07-17José Manuel Barroso>Durão BarrosoPSD + CDS–PP2002 Portuguese legislative election>2002 election (40.2% + 8.7%), {{small|coalition government, prime-minister resigned}}XVI Constitutional Government of Portugal>XVI|2004-07-17|2005-03-12Pedro Santana Lopes>Santana LopesSantana Lopes nominated after Durão Barroso's resignation, parliament dissolved by President Jorge Sampaio, new election called}}XVII Constitutional Government of Portugal>XVII|2005-03-12|2009-10-26José SócratesPS2005 Portuguese legislative election>2005 election (45.0%)XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal>XVIII|2009-10-26|2011-06-202009 Portuguese legislative election>2009 election (36.6%), {{small|minority government, government resigned}}XIX Constitutional Government of Portugal>XIX|2011-06-20|2015-10-30Pedro Passos Coelho|PSD + CDS–PP2011 Portuguese legislative election>2011 election (38.7% + 11.7%), {{small|coalition government}}XX Constitutional Government of Portugal>XX|2015-10-30|2015-11-26Portugal Ahead>PàF (PSD + CDS–PP)2015 Portuguese legislative election>2015 election (38.6%), {{small2015 Portuguese legislative election#Fall of the government>motion of no confidence}}XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal>XXI|2015-11-26|2019-10-26António CostaPSPresident Cavaco Silva appoints the 2015 elections second largest party leader, minority government}}XXII Constitutional Government of Portugal>XXII|2019-10-26|2022-03-302019 Portuguese legislative election>2019 election (36.3%), {{small2019 Portuguese legislative election#Budget rejection and fall of the government>budget rejection}}XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal>XXIII|2022-03-30|2024-04-022022 Portuguese legislative election>2022 election (41.4%), {{small|prime-minister resigned}}XXIV Constitutional Government of Portugal>XXIV|2024-04-02|IncumbentLuís MontenegroDemocratic Alliance (Portugal, 2024)>AD (PSD + CDS–PP)2024 Portuguese legislative election>2024 election (28.8%), {{small|minority government}}

See also

• Cabinet (government)
• Ministry (collective executive)
• Politics of Portugal

Notes

{{notes| refs ={{efn| name = Freitas do Amaral| Interim prime minister between 4 December 1980 and 9 January 1981.}}}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Official websiteweblink}}

{{Constitutional Governments of Portugal}} {{Europe topic|Government of|title=Governments of Europe}}{{Portugal topics}}{{Authority control}}