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{{Short description|Russian general (1750–1811)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}{{For|other members of Buxhoeveden family|Buxhoeveden (disambiguation){{!}}Buxhoeveden}}{{Expand Russian|topic=bio|date=December 2022}}

factoids

• Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
• Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
• Polish–Russian War of 1792
  • Battle of Mir (1792)
• KoÅ›ciuszko Uprising
  • Battle of Krupczyce
  • Battle of Praga
• Napoleonic Wars
  • War of the Third Coalition
    • Battle of Austerlitz
  • War of the Fourth Coalition
  • Finnish War
    • Siege of Sveaborg

{{Tree list/end}}Russian nobility>Count| commands = * Army of Volyn

• Army of Finland| unit = Kexholm Life Guards Regiment| rank = General of Infantry| serviceyears = 1770–1798, 1802–1810

Russian EmpireAustrian Empire}} Imperial Austrian ArmySee AusterlitzRussian Empire|1809}}Koluvere Castle>Lode Castle, Wiek, Governorate of Estonia, Russian EmpireMuhu, Governorate of Livonia>Governate of Riga, Russian Empire4 September23 August}} (aged 60)13 September2 September}}Vladimir Borovikovsky, {{circa>1809}}| image = Buxhoevden.jpgGovernorate_of_Livonia#List_of_governors>Governor General of Livonia| education = Second Cadet Corps}}Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Buxhoevden (; other spellings: Feodor Buxhoeveden, Buxhœwden, Buxhöwden; September 14, 1750 – August 23, 1811) was a Russian general of the infantry and government official. Buxhoeveden commanded the Russian armies during the Finnish War.{{BLF|617|Fredrik Vilhelm von Buxhoevden}}

Family

The Buxhoevedens, a Baltic German family from Estonia, traced their roots to Bexhövede in Lower Saxony.Buxhoevden’s wife, countess Natalia Alexeyeva, was the illegitimate daughter of Grigory Orlov (1734–1783) by a lady of the court, but her mother – contrary to some claims – was not the Empress Catherine, but a member of the Apraksin family. Buxhoeveden’s granddaughter Varvara Nelidova was a mistress of Nicholas I of Russia (1796–1855) for 17 years (1832–1855).

Career

In 1805 Buxhoevden took part in the Battle of Austerlitz as a commander, contributing to the Third Coalition’s failure to defeat Napoleon by being drunk during the battle.Todd Fisher & Gregory Fremont-Barnes, The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. p. 52In 1808 he served as Commander-in-Chief in the Russian conquest of Finland, and led Russian troops during the initial battles of the Finnish War (1808-1809).

Estates

Buxhoevden received the castle and lands of Koluvere in western Estonia after Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel had died there in 1788 in suspicious circumstances. He also owned the villa and manor of Ligovo near Saint Petersburg.

Awards

Russian Empire awards:

• Order of Saint George, 4th Degree (26 November 1774)
• Order of Saint George, 3rd Degree (22 August 1789)
• Order of Saint Anna (8 September 1790)
• Cross “For the Capture of Praga” (1794)
• Golden Weapon for Bravery with diamonds (1794)
• Order of Saint Vladimir, 2nd Class (1794)
• Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky (15 February 1797)
• Order of Saint Vladimir, 1st Degree (1806)
• Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (17 September 1807), diamond badges added in 1808
• Order of Saint George, 2nd Degree (27 April 1808)

Foreign state awards:

• Order of the White Eagle, 1795 from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1795, from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• Order of the Black Eagle, from Kingdom of Prussia
• Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, from Kingdom of Prussia

See also

• Albert of Buxhoeveden (c. 1165–1229) - an earlier member of the family

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{commons category|Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoevden}}

• {{BLF|617|Fredrik Vilhelm von Buxhoevden}}

• {{in lang|ru}} Biography
• {{in lang|en}} From Buxhoeveden family tree

{{Governors-General of Baltic Provinces}}{{authority control}}