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Flevoland
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{short description|Province of the Netherlands}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2010}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
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Etymology
Flevoland was named after Lacus Flevo, a name recorded in Roman sources for a large inland lake at the southern end of the later-formed Zuiderzee; it was mentioned by the Roman geographer Pomponius Mela in his De Chorographia in 44 AD. Due to the slowly rising sea level, a number of lakes gradually developed in the Zuiderzee region, which eventually became contiguous. Pomponius wrote about this: "The northern branch of the Rhine extends to Lake Flevo, which encloses an island of the same name and then flows to the sea like a normal river." Other sources speak of Flevum, which means 'flow'. The process continued and gradually the Zuiderzee arose from this lake. The names "Flevoland" and "Vlieland" have the same origin.Between 790 and 1250, Lake Flevo became connected with the North Sea. As a result, a number of villages were swallowed by the sea. The newly created inland sea was called Almere. The city of Almere is named after this lake.History
After a flood in 1916, the decision was made to enclose and reclaim the Zuiderzee, an inland sea within the Netherlands, and thus the Zuiderzee Works started. Other sourcesWEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130803111622weblink">weblink Pagina niet gevonden, 21 February 2019, 3 August 2013, Provincie Flevoland, indicate other times and reasons, but also agree that in 1932, the Afsluitdijk was completed, which closed off the sea completely. The Zuiderzee was later divided into IJsselmeer (mere at the end of the river IJssel) and Markermeer, planned to be mostly drained to make the Markerwaard. The Markerwaard was never built due to post-War fiscal austerity.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}The first land reclaimed was the northeast polder (Noordoostpolder) in 1942. This took in the former small islands Urk and Schokland. It was at first added to the Province of Overijssel.In the southwest the Flevopolder – larger than the above – was then reclaimed; its northeastern half in 1957 and its southwestern half in 1968.A key feature of the latter is a narrow body of water, kept at 3 metres below sea level, along the former coastline to stabilize the water table and prevent coastal towns from losing their waterfront and access to the sea. Thus, the Flevopolder became an artificial island joined to the mainland by bridges. The municipalities on the three parts voted to become a province, shortly before this was effected in 1986.Since that time, Flevoland is the youngest of the 12 provinces of the Netherlands. Its current sources of revenue are the cultivation of flowers, farming and tourism. In recent times, it has built many wind turbines as a source of renewable energy.Geography
Zuiderzee Works
File:Noordoostpolder by Sentinel-2, 2018-06-30.jpg|alt=|thumb|Northeastern Flevoland: NoordoostpolderNoordoostpolderFile:Flevopolder by Sentinel-2, 2018-06-30.jpg|alt=|thumb|Eastern and Southern Flevoland: FlevopolderFlevopolderEastern Flevoland (Oostelijk Flevoland or Oost-Flevoland) and Southern Flevoland (Zuidelijk Flevoland or Zuid-Flevoland), unlike the Noordoostpolder, have broad channel between them and the mainland: the Veluwemeer and Gooimeer, respectively, making them, together, the world's largest artificial island.They are two polders with a joint hydrological infrastructure, with a dividing dike in the middle, the Knardijk, that will keep one polder safe if the other is flooded. The two main drainage canals that traverse the dike can be closed by floodgates in such an event. The pumping stations are the Wortman (diesel powered) at Lelystad-Haven, the Lovink near Harderwijk on the eastern dike and the Colijn (both electrically powered) along the northern dike beside the Ketelmeer.A new element in the design of Eastern Flevoland is the larger city Lelystad (1966), named after Cornelis Lely, the man who had played a crucial role in designing and realising the Zuiderzee Works. Other more conventional settlements already existed by then; Dronten, the major local town, was founded in 1962, followed by two smaller satellite villages, Swifterbant and Biddinghuizen, in 1963. These three were incorporated in the new municipality of Dronten on 1 January 1972.Southern Flevoland has only one pumping station, the diesel-powered De Blocq van Kuffeler. Because of the hydrological union of the two Flevolands, it simply joins the other three in maintaining the water level of both polders. Almere relieves the housing shortage and increasing overcrowding on the old land. Its name is derived from the early medieval name for Lake Almere. Almere was to be divided into three major settlements initially; the first, Almere-Haven (1976) situated along the coast of the Gooimeer (one of the peripheral lakes), the second and largest was to fulfill the role of city centre as Almere-Stad (1980), and the third was Almere-Buiten (1984) to the northwest towards Lelystad. In 2003, the municipality made a new Structuurplan which started development of three new settlements: Overgooi in the southeast, Almere-Hout in the east, and Almere-Poort in the West. In time, Almere-Pampus could be developed in the northwest, with possibly a new bridge over the IJmeer towards Amsterdam.The Oostvaardersplassen is a landscape of shallow pools, islets, and swamps. Originally, this low part of the new polder was destined to become an industrial area. Spontaneous settlement of interesting flora and fauna turned the area into a nature park, of such importance that the new railway line was diverted. The recent decline in agricultural land use will in time make expanding natural land use possible, and connect the Oostvaardersplassen to the Veluwe.The centre of the polder most closely resembles the prewar polders in that it is almost exclusively agricultural. In contrast, the southeastern part is dominated by extensive forests. Here is also found the only other settlement of the polder, Zeewolde (1984), again a more conventional town acting as the local centre. Zeewolde became a municipality at the same time as Almere on 1 January 1984, which in the case of Zeewolde meant that the municipality existed before the town itself, with only farms in the surrounding land to be governed until the town started to grow.Municipalities {||
- Almere â far west of southern island
- Dronten â far east of southern island
- Lelystad â middle of northern edge of southern island
- Noordoostpolder â most of north-eastern polder
- Urk â small area on west of north-eastern polder
- Zeewolde â southern part of southern island|
Demographics
{{Historical populations|title = Historical population|type = none|align = right|source = Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region, CBS StatLine, 4 August 2023Religion
In 2015, 15.5% of the population belonged to the Protestant Church in the Netherlands while 12.3% was Roman Catholic, 7.2% was Muslim and 9.9% belonged to other churches or faiths. Over half (55.2%) of the population identified as non-religious.{{Pie chart|thumb = right|caption = Religion in Flevoland (2015)Helft Nederlanders is kerkelijk of religieus, CBS, 22 december 2016|label1 = Not religious|value1 = 55.2|color1 = Gray|label2 = Protestant Church in the Netherlands|value2 = 15.5|color2 = DodgerBluePolitics
File:Arjen Gerritsen.jpg|thumbnail|Arjen GerritsenArjen GerritsenThe King's Commissioner of Flevoland is Arjen Gerritsen,WEB,weblink Leen Verbeek, 2015-03-06, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150402150404weblink">weblink 2 April 2015, dmy-all, who is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). The States of Flevoland have 41 seats. At the provincial elections in March 2019, Forum for Democracy was the winner of the elections. The party came new in the States with 8 seats, and is with those the biggest party. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is second largest with 6 seats, after which the Party for Freedom and GreenLeft both have 4 seats. Christian Democratic Appeal, Labour Party, and ChristianUnion all have 3 seats. Socialist Party, 50PLUS, Democrats 66 and Party for the Animals have 2 seats, where the Reformed Political Party and Denk, another new party in the States, have 1 seat.WEB,weblink Uitslag Provinciale Statenverkiezingen 2019, 25 March 2019, Provincie Flevoland,Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was â¬14 billion in 2018, accounting for 1.8% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was â¬29,500 or 98% of the EU27 average in the same year.WEB,weblinkweblink 2022-10-09, live, Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018, Eurostat,Transport
Rail
File:Station Almere centraal.JPG|thumb|Almere Centrum railway stationAlmere Centrum railway stationFile:Station Lelystad C.jpg|thumb|Lelystad Centrum railway stationLelystad Centrum railway station{{Further|List of railway stations in Flevoland}}The Flevopolder is served by the Flevolijn, running from Weesp to Lelystad, and the Hanzelijn, continuing from Lelystad towards Zwolle. The two railways stations of the province with intercity services are Almere Centrum and Lelystad Centrum.{| class="wikitable" |! Trajectory !! Railway stations in FlevolandAirport
There is one airport in the province: Lelystad Airport. A second airport, Noordoostpolder Airport near Emmeloord, was closed in the late 1990s due to town expansion.Events
References
{{reflist|30em}}External links
{{Commons category|Flevoland}}- Official website
- Zuiderzee Museum
- {{Wikivoyage-inline|Flevoland}}
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